Construction design and potential analysis of enhanced geothermal system in the Guide Basin based on multi-objective optimization

BoWen HU, JiaJie YANG, ZhiWei YE, PeiBo LI, Wei LIANG, Rui SUN, Qi LIU

Prog Geophy ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1) : 80-93.

PDF(6532 KB)
image
Home Journals Progress in Geophysics
Progress in Geophysics

Abbreviation (ISO4): Prog Geophy      Editor in chief:

About  /  Aim & scope  /  Editorial board  /  Indexed  /  Contact  / 
Online first  /  Current issue  /  All issues  /  Top access  /  RSS
PDF(6532 KB)
Prog Geophy ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1) : 80-93. DOI: 10.6038/pg2025II0105

Construction design and potential analysis of enhanced geothermal system in the Guide Basin based on multi-objective optimization

Author information +
History +

Abstract

The Guide Basin, as a vital target area for the development of Hot-Dry Rock (HDR) in China, necessitates an assessment of its exploitation potential and an investigation into the feasibility of constructing Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). Therefore, this study focuses on the HDR geothermal development in the Guide Basin. Firstly, the location of objective reservoir is determined and the geometry of EGS is designed. After that, a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling model for HDR development is established. The heat extraction performance of water-based EGS and carbon dioxide-based EGS under different injection rate, injection temperature and well spacing is compared, and the most suitable working fluid for EGS in the Guide Basin is determined through comprehensive analysis. Subsequently, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III is used to conduct a multi-objective optimization for the EGS engineering parameters (injection flow rate, injection temperature, and well spacing) in the Guide Basin and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is used to sort the individuals in the Pareto fronts. Then the optimal parameter combination recommendation is given and provide a guidance for the EGS construction. Finally, based on the optimal parameter combination, the development potential, economic and environmental benefits of geothermal resources in the Guide Basin are evaluated. The research results indicate: (1) Carbon dioxide is more suitable as the working fluid for EGS in the Guide Basin due to its more stability production and lower consumption; (2) The optimal combination of engineering parameters for EGS in the Guide Basin is 59.48 kg/s, 20.26 ℃, and 379.95 m; (3) The EGS in the Guide Basin can operate stably for 50 years with an average electric power of 2.28 MW and a production temperature over 168 ℃, yielding a total electricity output of 1014 GWh. The levelized cost of energy is only 0.052 ＄/kWh, with a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions ranging from 0.34 to 1.18 Mt during this process.

Key words

Guide Basin / Hot-dry rock power generation / Supercritical carbon dioxide / Comparation analysis / Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅲ / Multi-physical coupling

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations
BoWen HU , JiaJie YANG , ZhiWei YE , et al . Construction design and potential analysis of enhanced geothermal system in the Guide Basin based on multi-objective optimization[J]. Progress in Geophysics. 2025, 40(1): 80-93 https://doi.org/10.6038/pg2025II0105

References

List( Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within ) Chart analysis
Beckers K F , Rangel-Jurado N , Chandrasekar H , et al. Techno-economic performance of closed-loop geothermal systems for heat production and electricity generation. Geothermics, 2022, 100: 102318
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102318
Cited in this article [1]
Brown D W . A hot dry rock geothermal energy concept utilizing supercritical CO2 instead of water. //Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering. Stanford University, 2000, 233- 238.
http://emj.bmj.com/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/archinte.160.6.833&link_type=DOI
Cited in this article [1]
Chamorro C R , Mondéjar M E , Ramos R , et al. World geothermal power production status: energy, environmental and economic study of high enthalpy technologies. Energy, 2012, 42 (1): 10- 18.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.06.005
Cited in this article [2]
Chen P Y . A novel coordinated TOPSIS based on coefficient of variation. Mathematics, 2019, 7 (7): 614
https://doi.org/10.3390/math7070614
Cited in this article [1]
Deb K , Jain H . An evolutionary many-objective optimization algorithm using reference-point-based nondominated sorting approach, part Ⅰ: solving problems with box constraints. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 2014, 18 (4): 577- 601.
https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2013.2281535
Cited in this article [1]
Feng Z J , Zhao Y S , Zhou A C , et al. Development program of hot dry rock geothermal resource in the Yangbajing Basin of China. Renewable Energy, 2012, 39 (1): 490- 495.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.09.005
Cited in this article [1]
Ghassemi A , Zhang Q . A transient fictitious stress boundary element method for porothermoelastic media. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 2004, 28 (11): 1363- 1373.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2004.05.003
Cited in this article [1]
Heris M K. 2016. NSGA-Ⅲ: non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, the third version-MATLAB implementation. https://yarpiz.com/456/ypea126-nsga3.
Jiang Z J , Xu T F , Owen D D R , et al. Geothermal fluid circulation in the Guide Basin of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau: isotopic analysis and numerical modeling. Geothermics, 2018, 71: 234- 244.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2017.10.007
Cited in this article [1]
Lei Y D , Yuan Y J , Qin G X , et al. Analysis of thermal storage characteristics of the Guide Zhacang geothermal field in Gonghe Basin based on logging data. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 2023, 44 (1): 145- 157.
https://doi.org/10.3975/cagsb.2022.100903
Cited in this article [1]
Lei Z H. 2020. Study on the characteristics of hot dry rock reservoir and fracturing test model in the Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province [Ph. D. thesis](in Chinese). Changchun: Jilin University, doi: 10.27162/d.cnki.gjlin.2020.000187.
Lei Z H , Zhang Y J , Zhang S Q , et al. Electricity generation from a three-horizontal-well enhanced geothermal system in the Qiabuqia geothermal field, China: slickwater fracturing treatments for different reservoir scenarios. Renewable Energy, 2020, 145: 65- 83.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.024
Cited in this article [2]
Lei Z H , Zhang Y J . Investigation on the effect of symmetrical multi-well layout on geothermal energy extraction from a fractured granitic reservoir: a case study in the Gonghe Basin, northwestern China. Energy Reports, 2021, 7: 7741- 7758.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.10.115
Cited in this article [1]
Lei Z H , Zhang Y J , Zhang S K , et al. Numerical study of hydraulic fracturing treatments and geothermal energy extraction from a naturally fractured granitic formation. Geothermics, 2023, 111: 102692
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2023.102692
Liu F , Kang Y , Hu Y , et al. Comparative investigation on the heat extraction performance of an enhanced geothermal system with N2O, CO2 and H2O as working fluids. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2022, 200: 117594
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117594
Cited in this article [1]
Liu H Q , Hu C B , Zhao G P , et al. Thermal-hydraulic finite element simulation of temperature decrease process during hot dry rock exploitation: a case study in the Qiabuqia area, Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2023, 66 (7): 2887- 2902.
https://doi.org/10.6038/cjg2022P0833
Long Z Y , Xue G Q , Zhou N N , et al. Investigation of deep geothermal resources in Guide basin by using geophysical method. Progress in Geophysics, 2009, 24 (6): 2261- 2266.
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.06.047
Lu W Y , Zhang X . Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modelling of carbon dioxide sequestration in saline aquifers considering phase change. Current Science, 2020, 119 (6): 973- 983.
https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v119/i6/973-983
Cited in this article [1]
Ma Y Q , Gan Q , Zhang Y J , et al. Numerical simulation of the heat production potential of Guide Basin in China considering the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the reservoir. Geothermics, 2022, 105: 102508
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102508
Cited in this article [1]
Mayerhofer M J, Stegent N A, Barth J O, et al. 2011. Integrating fracture diagnostics and engineering data in the Marcellus shale. //Paper Presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Denver, Colorado, USA: SPE.
Cited in this article [1]
McDonnell K , Molnár L , Harty M , et al. Feasibility study of carbon dioxide plume geothermal systems in Germany-utilising carbon dioxide for energy. Energies, 2020, 13 (10): 2416
https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102416
Cited in this article [1]
Okoroafor E R , Williams M J , Gossuin J , et al. Fracture roughness considerations in comparing CO2 and water as enhanced geothermal system working fluids. Geothermics, 2022, 106: 102578
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102578
Cited in this article [1]
Pan C J , Chávez O , Romero C E , et al. Heat mining assessment for geothermal reservoirs in Mexico using supercritical CO2 injection. Energy, 2016, 102: 148- 160.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.02.072
Cited in this article [1]
Pan G T , Li X Z , Wang L Q , et al. Preliminary division of tectonic units of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent regions. Geological Bulletin of China, 2002, 21 (11): 701- 707.
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD200211001.htm
Park S , Kim K I , Xie L M , et al. Observations and analyses of the first two hydraulic stimulations in the Pohang geothermal development site, South Korea. Geothermics, 2020, 88: 101905
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.101905
Cited in this article [1]
Pruess K . Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) using CO2 as working fluid—a novel approach for generating renewable energy with simultaneous sequestration of carbon. Geothermics, 2006, 35 (4): 351- 367.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2006.08.002
Cited in this article [2]
Pruess K . On production behavior of enhanced geothermal systems with CO2 as working fluid. Energy Conversion and Management, 2008, 49 (6): 1446- 1454.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.12.029
Cited in this article [1]
Sanyal S K, Butler S. 2005. An analysis of power generation prospects from Enhanced Geothermal Systems. //Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2005. Antalya, Turkey.
Cited in this article [1]
Shan D D , Li W , Wang Y . Effect of wellbore layout and fracture distribution characteristics on heat recovery performance of enhanced geothermal system. Progress in Geophysics, 2023, 38 (2): 600- 611.
https://doi.org/10.6038/pg2023GG0022
Song W Q , Wang C G , Du Y K , et al. Comparative analysis on the heat transfer efficiency of supercritical CO2 and H2O in the production well of enhanced geothermal system. Energy, 2020, 205: 118071
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118071
Cited in this article [1]
Tan H B , Zhang W J , Chen J S , et al. Isotope and geochemical study for geothermal assessment of the Xining basin of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Geothermics, 2012, 42: 47- 55.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2012.01.001
Cited in this article [1]
Wang G L , Liu Y G , Zhu X , et al. The status and development trend of geothermal resources in China. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27 (1): 1- 9.
https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.2020.1.1
Wang J Y , Hu S B , Pang Z H , et al. Estimate of geothermal resources potential for hot dry rock in the continental area of China. Science & Technology Review, 2012, 30 (32): 25- 31.
https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.32.003
Xu T F , Pruess K . Modeling multiphase non-isothermal fluid flow and reactive geochemical transport in variably saturated fractured rocks: 1. Methodology. American Journal of Science, 2001, 301 (1): 16- 33.
https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.301.1.16
Cited in this article [1]
Xu T F , Yuan Y L , Jia X F , et al. Prospects of power generation from an enhanced geothermal system by water circulation through two horizontal wells: a case study in the Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province, China. Energy, 2018, 148: 196- 207.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.135
Cited in this article [1]
Yang J J , Wang J G , Hu B W . Numerical analysis of the impacts of multiscale fractures on geothermal reservoir capacity. Journal of Energy Engineering, 2023, 149 (6): 04023046
https://doi.org/10.1061/jleed9.Eyeng-4925
Cited in this article [1]
Yang J J , Wang J G , Liang W , et al. Optimal selection of working fluid for enhanced geothermal systems: a comparative analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide and water under various reservoir and extraction conditions. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 246: 122947
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.122947
Cited in this article [4]
Ye Z W , Wang J G , Hu B W . Comparative study on heat extraction performance of geothermal reservoirs with presupposed shapes and permeability heterogeneity in the stimulated reservoir volume. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2021, 206: 109023
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109023
Cited in this article [1]
Ye Z W. 2022. Study on heat extraction and thermal mass migration in heterogeneous geothermal reservoirs [Ph. D. thesis](in Chinese). Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology.
Ye Z W , Wang J G , Yang J J . A multi-objective optimization approach for a fault geothermal system based on response surface method. Geothermics, 2024, 117: 102887
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2023.102887
Cited in this article [1]
Yoon K P , Kim W K . The behavioral TOPSIS. Expert Systems with Applications, 2017, 89: 266- 272.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2017.07.045
Cited in this article [1]
Zhang C , Zhang L Y , Wang X G , et al. Effects of the spatial heterogeneity in reservoir parameters on the heat extraction performance forecast based on a 3D thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled model: a case study at the Zhacang geothermal field in the Guide basin, northeastern Tibetan plateau. Geothermics, 2021, 95: 102161
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102161
Cited in this article [2]
Zhang C , Hu S B , Huang R H , et al. Research status of heat source mechanism of the hot dry rock geothermal resources and its implications to the studies of genetic mechanism. Process in Geophysics, 2022, 37 (5): 1907- 1919.
https://doi.org/10.6038/pg2022FF0441
Cited in this article [4]
Zhang J , Xie J X , Zhang H . Production capacity and mining plan optimization of fault/fracture-controlled EGS model in Gonghe Basin. Energy Science & Engineering, 2019, 7 (6): 2966- 2983.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.473
Cited in this article [1]
Zhang Y , Zhang Y J , Zhou L , et al. Reservoir stimulation design and evaluation of heat exploitation of a two-horizontal-well enhanced geothermal system (EGS) in the Zhacang geothermal field, Northwest China. Renewable Energy, 2022, 183: 330- 350.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.10.101
Zhou D J , Tatomir A , Niemi A , et al. Study on the influence of randomly distributed fracture aperture in a fracture network on heat production from an enhanced geothermal system (EGS). Energy, 2022, 250: 123781
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123781
Cited in this article [1]
Zhou L. 2020. Study on genesis mechanism and exploitation potential of Zhacanggou geothermal field in Guide County, Qinghai Province [Ph. D. thesis](in Chinese). Changchun: Jilin University.
Cited in this article [1]
雷 玉德 , 袁 有靖 , 秦 光雄 , 等. 基于测井资料的共和盆地贵德扎仓地热田热储特征分析. 地球学报, 2023, 44 (1): 145- 157.
https://doi.org/10.3975/cagsb.2022.100903
Cited in this article [1]
雷治红. 2020. 青海共和盆地干热岩储层特征及压裂试验模型研究[博士论文]. 长春: 吉林大学, doi: 10.27162/d.cnki.gjlin.2020.000187.
Cited in this article [1]
刘 汉青 , 胡 才博 , 赵 桂萍 , 等. 利用热-孔隙流体耦合有限元数值模拟研究干热岩开发温度下降过程——以青海共和盆地恰卜恰地区干热岩开发为例. 地球物理学报, 2023, 66 (7): 2887- 2902.
https://doi.org/10.6038/cjg2022P0833
Cited in this article [1]
龙 作元 , 薛 国强 , 周 楠楠 , 等. 贵德盆地深部地热资源地球物理评价. 地球物理学进展, 2009, 24 (6): 2261- 2266.
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.06.047
Cited in this article [1]
潘 桂棠 , 李 兴振 , 王 立全 , 等. 青藏高原及邻区大地构造单元初步划分. 地质通报, 2002, 21 (11): 701- 707.
Cited in this article [1]
单 丹丹 , 李 玮 , 王 艳 , 等. 井筒布置及裂隙分布特征对增强型地热系统采热性能的影响. 地球物理学进展, 2023, 38 (2): 600- 611.
https://doi.org/10.6038/pg2023GG0022
Cited in this article [1]
王 贵玲 , 刘 彦广 , 朱 喜 , 等. 中国地热资源现状及发展趋势. 地学前缘, 2020, 27 (1): 1- 9.
https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.2020.1.1
Cited in this article [1]
汪 集旸 , 胡 圣标 , 庞 忠和 , 等. 中国大陆干热岩地热资源潜力评估. 科技导报, 2012, 30 (32): 25- 31.
https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.32.003
Cited in this article [1]
叶志伟. 2022. 非均匀热储工质载热运移机理与热能抽采评估的数值模拟理论研究[博士论文]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学.
Cited in this article [1]
张 超 , 胡 圣标 , 黄 荣华 , 等. 干热岩地热资源热源机制研究现状及其对成因机制研究的启示. 地球物理学进展, 2022, 37 (5): 1907- 1919.
https://doi.org/10.6038/pg2022FF0441
Cited in this article [1]
周玲. 2020. 青海省贵德县扎仓沟地热田成因机理及开采潜力研究[博士论文]. 长春: 吉林大学.
Cited in this article [3]

本文的优化算法代码由Yarpiz平台和Mostapha博士提供的开源程序改进而来(Heris，2016)，在此表示感谢. 同时感谢审稿专家提出的宝贵意见和建议.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Copyright ©2025 Progress in Geophysics. All rights reserved.
PDF(6532 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail
Sections
Recommended

/

〈 〉