The thermal transport properties of rocks and minerals are important for understanding the thermal state and geodynamic properties of the Earth's interior. Due to the influence of complex conditions, such as temperature and pressure, and rock composition, accurately measuring and characterizing rock thermal conductivity and diffusivity have always been challenging and hotspot in the study of deep rock physical properties. This paper first introduces the experimental techniques for measuring the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of upper mantle minerals under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, especially the ÅngstrÖm Method, Transient Plane Source Method, and Laser Flash Analysis Method. Then, the study progress on the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of four typical upper mantle minerals, including olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and garnet, is summarized. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the four minerals decrease rapidly with increasing temperature, stabilizing around 900~1000 K. While they increase linearly with increasing pressure. Cation substitution, an increase in water content, grain boundary thermal resistance, and serpentinization all contribute to decreased thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene exhibit anisotropy, while both the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of garnet are lower than those of the three minerals. Finally, three prospects are proposed for future study on the thermal properties of deep earth rocks.