In the eastern Tarim Basin, the Silurian Kepingtage Formation represents a crucial marine hydrocarbon-bearing system, originating within a tidal flat depositional environment. This formation has undergone multiple structural adjustments, leading to pronounced heterogeneity in the macroscopic distribution of oil and water layers, posing challenges for the exploration and development of Silurian oil reservoirs. This study leverages core samples, thin sections, core analysis, oil testing, sampling, and both conventional and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) logging data to delineate the response characteristics of oil and water layers in conventional logging. The application of NMR logging further elucidates the intricate relationship between reservoir pore structures and hydrocarbon saturation. Through detailed analysis of well profiles across diverse locations, the study dissects the vertical and horizontal distribution patterns of oil and water layers within the Silurian Kepingtage Formation in eastern Tarim. Utilizing logging interpretation, porosity calculations, and resistivity measurements, the research assesses the macroscopic distribution of oil and water layers across various structural settings. Single-well analyses provide insights into conceptual microscopic models that explain the current differentiation of oil and water layers. The results show that during the destruction of ancient oil reservoirs, oil layers with better pore structures were the first to be damaged. The reservoir space was occupied by formation water, creating areas with better current physical properties that are now water layers, while oil layers with relatively poorer pore structures were preserved.