This paper is based on the shallow-water three-dimensional Ocean Bottom Cable (OBC) seismic data from a basin in China and conducts an application study on diving wave Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) velocity modeling for VTI media using real seismic data. Before conducting FWI, the applicability of full waveform inversion was analyzed from three aspects: frequency, offset, and signal-to-noise ratio. A targeted seismic data preprocessing workflow was designed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the data, and different wavelet estimation methods were discussed and compared through forward modeling tests, incorporating water-layer multiples as effective signals for the inversion. In the actual inversion process, to avoid inaccuracies in anisotropic parameters caused by the coupling effect of multi-parameter simultaneous inversion, a stepwise inversion strategy was adopted. The Normally Move Out velocity was inverted first, and δ was obtained using logging prior information. On the basis of the two, the final parameter η was inverted, ultimately completing the 12 Hz VTI anisotropic full-waveform inversion iteration modeling. The application achieved good modeling and migration imaging results.