Coalbed methane seismic data processing and application integrating well-constrained and OVT-domain technologies

GuoWei LI, XiaoBin LI, HanXiao LI, JianLiang WEN, Hui HE, Hao JIAO, JunShi FENG

Prog Geophy ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2) : 781-793.

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Prog Geophy ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2) : 781-793. DOI: 10.6038/pg2026JJ0206

Coalbed methane seismic data processing and application integrating well-constrained and OVT-domain technologies

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Abstract

As global energy demand continues to grow and conventional oil and gas resources become increasingly depleted, hydrocarbon exploration is progressively extending into areas characterized by complex geological structures and unconventional reservoirs. Within geological settings featuring developed fault/fracture zones, variable formation dips, and significant reservoir heterogeneity, 3D seismic data processing faces the challenge of achieving the "Three Highs" (high signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution, and high fidelity). The Qinshui Basin, a crucial strategic energy region in China, serves as a typical complex structural area and a demonstration zone for deep Coalbed Methane (CBM) extraction. Its interior hosts multiple fault systems and complex stratigraphic contacts. Particularly, seismic signals from deep coal seams exceeding 800 meters burial depth suffer severe attenuation, making conventional seismic exploration techniques inadequate for detailed reservoir characterization requirements. Preliminary resource assessment in the Hengling Block within this basin indicates substantial coal seam thickness, high CBM content, and significant development potential. This study employs well-controlled and Offset Vector Tile (OVT) domain processing techniques on the 3D seismic data from the Hengling Block, Qinshui Basin. Key technologies, including well-controlled deconvolution, OVT-domain five-dimensional interpolation, Pre-stack time migration, and azimuthal anisotropy correction, were applied to obtain seismic data meeting the "Three Highs" criteria. Leveraging the full-azimuth and azimuth-sectored seismic data products generated through OVT-domain processing, prestack inversion for gas prediction was conducted within the Hengling Block. The inversion results, specifically the profiles based on Lambda-Rho (λρ, Lamé constants multiplied by density), were validated using well log information. This approach successfully predicted the gas content of the No. 15 coal seam, revealing generally high gas content ranging between 15 cm3/g and 36 cm3/g. A comparison of these predictions with drilling results shows a high degree of consistency. The methodology provides a systematic solution for seismic data processing and reservoir prediction in this region and offers valuable guidance for the next phase of CBM development in the area.

Key words

Well-controlled deconvolution / OVT-domain five-dimensional interpolation / Azimuthal anisotropy correction / Pre-stack inversion / Coalbed Methane (CBM)

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GuoWei LI , XiaoBin LI , HanXiao LI , et al . Coalbed methane seismic data processing and application integrating well-constrained and OVT-domain technologies[J]. Progress in Geophysics. 2026, 41(2): 781-793 https://doi.org/10.6038/pg2026JJ0206

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