Review of ground motion simulation with stochastic Green's function method

XiaoYu PAN, Xu XIE, LongFei JI

Prog Geophy ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4) : 1489-1506.

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Prog Geophy ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4) : 1489-1506. DOI: 10.6038/pg2026JJ0314

Review of ground motion simulation with stochastic Green's function method

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Abstract

The Stochastic Green's Function (SGF) method, developed as an extension of the Empirical Green's Function (EGF) technique by Kamae, was a stochastic approach for ground motion simulation considering the influence of fault rupture process. By adhering to the scaling law governing large and small faults, this method enabled the synthesis of a large earthquake while extending ground motion simulation to broader frequency range. The SGF method is extensively employed in Japan to simulate history earthquakes and assess seismic hazards associated with potential fault rupture areas. Given that this method has been successfully applied to ground motion simulation in areas lacking small earthquake records, it can provide a valuable reference for ground motion simulation approach that accounts for the influence of fault rupture processes. This paper first outlines the theoretical basis of the SGF method and the methodology for ground motion simulation. Secondly, it reviews advancements in ground motion simulation with the SGF method over the past two decades, mainly including amplitude spectrum, radiation pattern, phase simulation of small earthquakes and synthesis method of ground motion, evaluating the validity and practical applications of these advancements. Finally, to provide reference for future improvement, several issues which remain to be solved are proposed.

Key words

Ground motion simulation / Stochastic Green's function method / Source spectrum / Phase spectrum / Synthesis method of earthquake

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XiaoYu PAN , Xu XIE , LongFei JI. Review of ground motion simulation with stochastic Green's function method[J]. Progress in Geophysics. 2026, 41(4): 1489-1506 https://doi.org/10.6038/pg2026JJ0314

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感谢中国地震局工程力学研究所为本研究提供的地震观测记录数据.感谢Kojiro Irikura、Takao Kagawa等人提供的经验格林函数法和随机格林函数法计算程序.感谢审稿专家提出的修改意见.

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