Demigration-based approach for surface-related multiples prediction in OBN surveys

HongLiang JING, KunLun YANG, XiaoHong CHEN, Zhen ZOU, HuiLi HE, WanHui YU

Prog Geophy ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4) : 1886-1895.

PDF(6173 KB)
Home Journals Progress in Geophysics
Progress in Geophysics

Abbreviation (ISO4): Prog Geophy      Editor in chief:

About  /  Aim & scope  /  Editorial board  /  Indexed  /  Contact  / 
PDF(6173 KB)
Prog Geophy ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4) : 1886-1895. DOI: 10.6038/pg2026JJ0337

Demigration-based approach for surface-related multiples prediction in OBN surveys

Author information +
History +

Abstract

In the processing of Ocean Bottom Node (OBN) seismic data, suppressing surface multiple is one of the key factors affecting the quality of imaging. In OBN acquisition, due to the special geometry where seismic sources are positioned near the free surface and receivers are deployed on the seafloor, conventional surface multiple suppression methods based on wave theory (such as Surface-Related Multiple Elimination, SRME) are not applicable, as they generally assume that sources and receivers are coplanar and evenly spaced, and rely on full wavefield data. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a surface multiple prediction method based on demigration theory. By incorporating information such as migrated sections and velocity fields, the method uses one-way wavefield extrapolation in common node gathers to simultaneously predict all orders of surface multiples generated between the seabed, sub-seabed interfaces, and the free surface. Additionally, Phase Shift Plus Interpolation (PSPI) is introduced to handle the lateral velocity variations of complex subsurface geology. The results from synthetic models and field data examples demonstrate that the surface multiple models predicted by this method are highly consistent with those observed in the original data, highlighting the method's significant practical value for the suppression of multiples in OBN seismic processing.

Key words

Ocean Bottom Node (OBN) / Surface-related multiple / Surface-related multiple elimination / Demigration theory / Spatial wavefield weighting

Cite this article

Download Citations
HongLiang JING , KunLun YANG , XiaoHong CHEN , et al . Demigration-based approach for surface-related multiples prediction in OBN surveys[J]. Progress in Geophysics. 2026, 41(4): 1886-1895 https://doi.org/10.6038/pg2026JJ0337

References

Amundsen L , Ikelle L T , Berg L E . Multidimensional signature deconvolution and free-surface multiple elimination of marine multicomponent ocean-bottom seismic data. Geophysics, 2001, 66 (5): 1594- 1604.
Gazdag J , Sguazzero P . Migration of seismic data by phase shift plus interpolation. Geophysics, 1984, 49 (2): 124- 131.
Hampson D. 1986. Inverse velocity stacking for multiple elimination. //SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1986. Houston: SEG, 422-424.
Hu T Y , Wang R Q , White R E . Beamforming in seismic data processing. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2000, 43 (1): 105- 115.
Jiao X M , Zhang M Q , Wang W , et al. 3D plane-wave datuming of OBN data. Progress in Geophysics, 2020, 35 (6): 2351- 2358.
Jin D G , Chang X , Liu Y X , et al. Algorithm improvement and strategy of internal multiples prediction based on inverse scattering series method. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2008, 51 (4): 1209- 1217.
Jing H L , Sun P Y , Chen X H , et al. Water-layer multiple prediction method based on one-way wave equation. Progress in Geophysics, 2024, 39 (6): 2452- 2462.
Li P , Liu Y K , Chang X , et al. Progress on the multiple problems. Progress in Geophysics, 2006, 21 (3): 888- 897.
Liu G C , Chen X H , Song J W . Estimation of primaries and multiples by sparse inversion for OBS data with integration of streamer data. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2013, 56 (12): 4288- 4296.
Liu L C , Hu T Y , Huang J D , et al. Adaptive surface-related multiple subtraction based on convolutional neural network. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2022, 19: 8021905
Liu X Z , Hu T Y , Liu T , et al. Seismic internal multiple suppression method with encoder-decoder convolutional network based on data augmentation. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2022, 57 (4): 757- 767.
Loewenthal D, Lu L, Roberson R, et al. 1974. The wave equation applied to migration and water bottom multiples. //44th Annual International Meeting.
Ma J T , Mrinal S K , Chen X H , et al. OBC multiple attenuation technique using SRME theory. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2011, 54 (11): 2960- 2966.
Robinson E A , Treitel S . Principles of digital Wiener filtering. Geophysical Prospecting, 1967, 15 (3): 311- 332.
Shi Y , Wang W H , Li Y , et al. 3D surface-related multiple prediction approach investigation based on wave equation. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2013, 56 (6): 2023- 2032.
Verschuur D J , Berkhout A J . Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion, Part Ⅱ: practical aspects and examples. Geophysics, 1997, 62 (5): 1596- 1611.
Verschuur D J, Neumann E I. 1999. Integration of OBS data and surface data for OBS multiple remova. //SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999. Houston: SEG, 1350-1353.
Wang K X , Hu T Y , Zhao B L , et al. Surface-related multiple attenuation based on a self-supervised deep neural network with local wavefield characteristics. Geophysics, 2023, 88 (5): V387- V402.
Wang W H , Pei J Y , Zhang J F . Prestack seismic data reconstruction using weighted parabolic Radon transform. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2007, 50 (3): 851- 859.
Wang Y, Grion S, Bale R. 2010. Up-down deconvolution and subsurface structure: theory, limitations and examples. //SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2010. Denver: SEG, 1672-1676.
Wang Z Q , Yang X L , Zhang J L . Research on free-surface-related multiple attenuation of Ocean-bottom cable data by up/down deconvolution. Progress in Geophysics, 2016, 31 (6): 2415- 2420.
Wu Z Q , Zhang X H , Zhao W N , et al. Ocean Bottom Station Nodes (OBN): progress and achievement. Progress in Geophysics, 2021, 36 (1): 412- 424.
Yang J R , Cheng J B , Wang T F , et al. Surface-related multiple attenuation with least-squares multidimensional deconvolution for P and S reflections in OBC/OBN data. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2025, 68 (4): 1457- 1471.
Zhang M Q , Jiao X M , Wang W , et al. 3D water-layer-related multiples attenuation for OBN data. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2020, 59 (6): 872- 879.
Zhu F , Cheng J B . Elimination of free-surface multiples using least-squares redatuming, Part Ⅰ: ocean-bottom seismic data. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2022, 65 (8): 3123- 3138.
Ziolkowski A . Simplified wavelet estimation using source-signature measurements. The Leading Edge, 2000, 19 (1): 61- 67.
天跃 , 润秋 , White R E . 地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法. 地球物理学报, 2000, 43 (1): 105- 115.
叙明 , 明强 , , 等. OBN资料平面波域波场延拓基准面校正方法研究. 地球物理学进展, 2020, 35 (6): 2351- 2358.
德刚 , , 伊克 . 逆散射级数法预测层间多次波的算法改进及其策略. 地球物理学报, 2008, 51 (4): 1209- 1217.
洪亮 , 鹏远 , 小宏 , 等. 基于单程波方程的水层多次波预测方法. 地球物理学进展, 2024, 9 (6): 2452- 2462.
, 伊克 , , 等. 多次波问题的研究进展. 地球物理学进展, 2006, 21 (3): 888- 897.
国昌 , 小宏 , 家文 . 基于稀疏反演的OBS数据多次波压制方法. 地球物理学报, 2013, 56 (12): 4288- 4296.
小舟 , 天跃 , , 等. 数据增广的编解码卷积网络地震层间多次波压制方法. 石油地球物理勘探, 2022, 57 (4): 757- 767.
继涛 , Mrinal S K , 小宏 , 等. 海底电缆多次波压制方法研究. 地球物理学报, 2011, 54 (11): 2960- 2966.
, 维红 , , 等. 基于波动方程三维表面多次波预测方法研究. 地球物理学报, 2013, 56 (6): 2023- 2032.
维红 , 江云 , 剑锋 . 加权抛物Radon变换叠前地震数据重建. 地球物理学报, 2007, 50 (3): 851- 859.
兆旗 , 晓利 , 金陵 . 上下行波场反褶积衰减OBC表面多次波方法研究. 地球物理学进展, 2016, 31 (6): 2415- 2420.
志强 , 训华 , 维娜 , 等. 海底节点(OBN)地震勘探: 进展与成果. 地球物理学进展, 2021, 36 (1): 412- 424.
晋蓉 , 玖兵 , 腾飞 , 等. OBC/OBN纵横波数据表面多次波最小平方多维反褶积压制方法. 地球物理学报, 2025, 68 (4): 1457- 1471.
明强 , 叙明 , , 等. OBN资料三维水层相关多次波压制方法研究. 石油物探, 2020, 59 (6): 872- 879.
, 玖兵 . 利用最小平方基准面延拓压制自由表面多次波Ⅰ: 海底观测地震数据. 地球物理学报, 2022, 65 (8): 3123- 3138.

感谢审稿专家提出的修改意见和编辑部的大力支持!

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Copyright ©2026 Progress in Geophysics. All rights reserved.
PDF(6173 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/