Review of theoretical developments and engineering applications in discontinuous deformation analysis

LinFeng WANG, Bo CAI, MingJun XIE, Long ZHOU, Jie HE

Prog Geophy ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5) : 2232-2255.

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Prog Geophy ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5) : 2232-2255. DOI: 10.6038/pg2026JJ0339

Review of theoretical developments and engineering applications in discontinuous deformation analysis

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Abstract

With the increasing complexity of geotechnical engineering projects, traditional continuum mechanics theories struggle to accurately characterize the discontinuous deformation behavior of rock masses under complex environments and strong disturbances. As a numerical simulation method well-suited to the discrete nature of rock masses, the Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) method offers unique advantages in handling dynamic responses under conditions of large deformation, large displacement, and complex boundary constraints. This paper first reviews the theoretical framework and improvements of DDA, with particular attention to advances in contact detection, boundary conditions, and multi-physics coupling modeling. It then summarizes the achievements of DDA applications in various dimensions, including slope engineering, underground construction, and responses to seismic and blasting loads. Finally, it analyzes the current challenges and future research directions in both theoretical development and engineering practice. The results show that, owing to its adaptability to block motion and contact behavior, DDA demonstrates remarkable advantages in a wide range of rock engineering problems. It not only elucidates instability mechanisms such as block toppling and sliding, and accurately simulates hazardous block trajectories, but also improves the precision of sliding process modeling through the incorporation of viscous boundary conditions and friction attenuation mechanisms. These advances enable dynamic reconstruction of the entire process from blast cavity expansion and fracture propagation to muck pile formation. Future research should focus on refining contact algorithms and friction constitutive models, developing multi-field coupling frameworks, advancing high-performance parallel computing, and integrating intelligent modeling with machine learning for engineering risk prediction. Such efforts will enhance the adaptability and practicality of DDA for catastrophic event analysis in complex rock masses, providing robust theoretical support and numerical tools for disaster prediction and risk mitigation in complex rock engineering.

Key words

Rock Mechanics / Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) / Block contact theory / Multi-physics coupling / Engineering applications

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LinFeng WANG , Bo CAI , MingJun XIE , et al . Review of theoretical developments and engineering applications in discontinuous deformation analysis[J]. Progress in Geophysics. 2026, 41(5): 2232-2255 https://doi.org/10.6038/pg2026JJ0339

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