The Miaoling—Jiuzhanggou gold belt in Song County, Henan Province, is situated in the eastern part of the Xiong'er Mountain—Waifang Mountain gold and polymetallic ore concentration area, serving as a major gold-producing zone in western Henan. All gold deposits discovered within this gold belt are situated in concealed rock mass regions inferred from gravity and magnetic data, and the formation of these deposits is strictly controlled by steep to moderately inclined fault structures. Studying the geophysical field characteristics of this gold belt, inferring the spatial distribution of concealed rock masses and ore-bearing fault structures, constitutes an effective approach for deep exploration and prospecting and is key to achieving breakthroughs in mineral exploration. In response to previous issues in this gold ore belt, such as limited geophysical exploration investment, shallow detection depth, and low observation precision, which hindered a deep understanding of the deep geological structural characteristics, this study interpreted regional gravity and magnetic anomaly features. Comprehensive profiling surveys using low-cost, deep-penetration, high-resolution magnetotelluric sounding, microtremor sounding, and high-power time-domain induced polarization sounding were carried out in the gold ore belt and its typical mining areas. Electromagnetic, microtremor, and induced polarization anomaly information within the profiles were obtained. Combined with existing results, the deep geological structures of the Miaoling—Jiuzhanggou gold ore belt and its gold deposits were essentially clarified. The deep spatial distribution characteristics of Mesozoic intrusive rocks, the Taihua Group metamorphic basement, and Cenozoic basin strata, as well as the deep morphological features of major ore-controlling structures, were analyzed and delineated. Furthermore, deep prospecting potential predictions and target area determinations were conducted. The research findings can provide valuable references for deep prospecting in this gold belt and other related studies.