The aim of this paper was to study the extraction efficiency of different extracting agents for heavy metals in different types of soil. Three extracting agents (DTPA, HCl, EDTA) were used to extract heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu) in yellow paddy soil and purple paddy soil, and the extraction efficiency of them were compared. The results showed that, it had significantly difference in extraction amount and extraction rate of different extracting agents to the different types of soil. The average content of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu which were extracted by DTPA were 135.88 mg/kg, 167.20 mg/kg, 5.09 mg/kg, 17.63 mg/kg in paddy soil, respectively. The average content of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu which were extracted by HCl were respectively 244.79 mg/kg, 299.97 mg/kg, 7.74 mg/kg, 28.75 mg/kg in paddy soil. EDTA extracted Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu from paddy soil, the average content of them were 220.31 mg/kg, 490.33 mg/kg, 7.22 mg/kg, 35.46 mg/kg, respectively. The extraction amount of Zn, Cd of three extracting agents were found to be of the order HCl > EDTA > DTPA, while that of Pb and Cu were EDTA > HCl > DTPA. From the extraction rate of elements perspective, besides the sequence of extraction rate of elements was Cd >Cu >Pb >Zn of which were extracted by DTPA in yellow paddy soil, others followed the sequence Cd >Pb >Cu >Zn. From the view of different types of soil, the extraction rate of heavy metals in yellow paddy soil followed the order EDTA > HCl > DTPA, while that of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu were HCl > EDTA > DTPA, EDTA > HCl > DTPA, HCl > EDTA > DTPA, EDTA > HCl > DTPA in purple paddy soil, respectively. In short, the extraction rate of Pb and Cu in two type paddy soils were found to be of the sequence EDTA > HCl > DTPA. In summary, when the availability of heavy metals of soil was studied, different types of soil should use different extracting agents. Meanwhile, the results suggested that the accumulation of heavy metals of brown rice might be predicted by extraction amount of suitable extracting agent.
Key words
extracting agent; availability of heavy metals; paddy soils; brown rice
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
References
[1] 王莹,赵全利,胡莹,等.上虞某铅锌矿区周边土壤植物重金属含量及其污染评价[J].环境化学,2011(07):1354-1360.
[2] 纪薇薇,张秀双,魏晓敏,等.降低土壤-水稻系统重金属污染的若干思考[J].北方水稻,2012(01):78-80.
[3] 赵科理.土壤-水稻系统重金属空间对应关系和定量模型研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.
[4] 严莎,凌其聪,严森,等.城市工业区周边土壤-水稻系统中重金属的迁移累积特征[J].环境化学,2008(02):226-230.
[5] 朱立禄,阎百兴,王莉霞.前郭灌区水稻籽粒重金属含量特征及风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2011(01):144-149.
[6] Tessier A, Campbell P G C, Bisson M. Sequential extraction procedure for thespeciation of particulate trace metals[J]. Anal. Chem,1979(51):844-851.
[7] He J Y, Zhu C, Ren Y F, et al. Genotypic variation in grain cadmium concentration of low land rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2006,169(5):711-716.
[8] 向梅华.北京市东南郊原污灌区土壤重金属污染评价及生物有效性分析[D].北京:北京地质大学,2007:6 -7.
[9] Meers E, Samson R, Tack F M G, et al. Phytoavailability assessment of heavy metals in soils by single extractions and accumulation by phaseolus vulgaris[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany,2007,60(3):385-396.
[10] 李非里,刘丛强,宋照亮.土壤中重金属形态的化学分析综述[J].中国环境监测,2005,21(4):21-27.
[11] Alvarez J M, Lopez-Valdivia L M, Novillo J, et al. Comparison of EDTA and sequential extraction tests for phytoavailability prediction of manganese and zinc in agricultural alkaline soils[J]. Geoderma,2006,132(3-4):450-463.
[12] José Martín Soriano-Disla, Ignacio Gómez, José Navarro-Pedreno, et al. Evaluation of single chemical extractants for the prediction of heavy metal uptake by barley in soils amended with polluted sewage sludge[J]. Plant Soil,2010(327):303-314.
[13] 朱维晃,杨元根,毕华,等.海南土壤中 Zn、 Pb、 Cu、 Cd 四中重金属含量及其生物有效性的研究[J].矿物学报,2004,24(3):239-244.
[14] Ming K Z, Zhao Y L, Hao W. Use of single extraction methods to predict bioavailability of heavy metals in polluted soils to rice[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2010(41): 820-831.
[15] 贺建群,许嘉琳,杨居荣,等.土壤中有效态 Cd、 Cu、 Zn、 Pb提取剂的选择[J].农业环境保护,1994,13(6):246-251.
[16] Pueyo M, López-Sánchez J F, Rauret G. Assessment of CaCl2, NaNO3 and NH4NO3 extraction procedures for the study of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn extractability in contaminated soils[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2003(504):217-226.
[17] 贺静,林玉锁,刘鹏,等.不同提取剂提取酸性土壤有效态 Cu和 Cd的方法研究[J].环境监测管理与技,2009,21(5):26-29.
[18] 陈怀满.环境土壤学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[19] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科学出版社, 2000.
[20] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第 3版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[21] Feng M H, Shan X Q, Zhang S Z, et al. A comparison of the rhizosphere based method with DTPA, EDTA, CaCl2, and NaNO3 extraction methods for prediction of bioavailability of metals in soil to barley[J]. Environmental Pollution,2005,137(2):231-240.
[22] 中国国家环境保护局.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[23] Ke Xin, Li P J, Zhang Yun, et al. Heavy metals removal and its kinetics in contaminated soil under effects of EDTA washing[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(3):601-606.
[24] 徐亚平,刘凤枝,陈怀满,等.土壤中铅镉有效态提取剂的选择[J].监测分析,2005(4):46-48.
[25] 姜理英,杨肖娥,石伟勇,等.植物修复技术中有关土壤重金属活化机制的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2003(02):154-157.
