This study aims to systematically summarize the application of maize live haploid technology in maize molecular breeding, with focus on exploring the selection methods, formation mechanisms, identification methods, doubling methods, and application in population improvement of maize live haploid high-frequency induction lines, providing reference and guidance for the large-scale application of live haploid breeding technology. This study used a literature review method to summarize the relevant research results and practical experience on maize haploid technology, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of various methods in practical applications. The research results indicated that maize live haploid technology played an important role in breeding excellent inbred lines and population improvement. Through high-frequency induction line breeding, a large number of excellent haploid plants had been successfully obtained; the identification and doubling methods effectively improved haploid formation and stability. The live haploid technology had shown significant doubling effects in population improvement, providing new ideas and methods for maize breeding. In summary, maize live haploid technology is an efficient and rapid breeding method with broad application prospects. In the process of corn breeding, combining live haploid technology can accelerate the pace of quality improvement and yield increase, providing strong support for the healthy development of the corn industry.

Understanding the latest research hotspots and development trends in the field of banana fusarium wilt was the goal of the present study. Based on the core collection database of Web of Science (WOS), this paper conducted an advanced search on the theme of "banana fusarium wilt ", selected 779 papers published in 30 years from 1993 to 2023, and used CiteSpace visual analysis software. The bibliometrics analysis was conducted from the indicators of the annual number of published papers, subject of published papers, published journals, published countries, institutions, and cooperation between authors, literature co-citations and keywords. The results showed that: (1) from 2009 to 2023, the number of literatures in the field of banana fusarium wilt research showed an overall increasing trend, and the disciplines involved were mainly botany, accounting for 35.7% of the total literatures. The top four academic journals in terms of volume were Frontiers in Microbiology, European Journal of Plant Pathology, Frontiers in Plant Science and Journal of Fungi. (2) China, the United States and India had published more papers in the field of banana fusarium wilt research, but there was less international cooperation. The Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China and Hainan University had published the most papers in China. Shen Qirong and Li Rong from Nanjing Agricultural University and Ruan Yunze from Hainan University were influential researchers in the field of banana fusarium wilt research. (3) The biological control of banana fusarium wilt was still an important focus and research frontier in the field of banana fusarium wilt research. To sum up, there is a lot of basis for the research of banana fusarium wilt in various countries. Through the application of biological control technology of banana fusarium wilt, the suppression of fusarium wilt of banana can promote the healthy growth of banana, and promote the sustainable development of banana industry is the focus of future research.

As an important economic shrimp species, the Litopenaeus vannamei is frequently affected by bacterial diseases, especially Vibriosis (including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio cholerae, etc.) during intensive aquaculture. This represents a significant risk to the long-term sustainability of aquaculture. With the widespread use of antibiotics, resistance genes of pathogenic bacteria are prevalent and widespread in the aquatic environment, posing new challenges to the prevention and treatment of Vibriosis. Therefore, it is extremely important to emphasize the maintenance of aquaculture environment and water quality monitoring. This review describes a series of biological control measures, including the use of biofloc technology, probiotics, antimicrobial peptides, quorum sensing inhibitors, and the use of biological control methods such as Bdellovibrio and like organisms and bacteriophage. The combination of biofloc technology and probiotics can improve water quality and enhance immunity. However, it is greatly affected by the environment, making it difficult to control the stability of bacteria flora. Antimicrobial peptides exhibit a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and they are safe and not easily resistant to drugs. However, they are difficult to preserve and have a high cost. Quorum-sensing inhibitors provide precise prevention and treatment with minimal environmental impact, but the mechanism research on them is limited. Bdellovibrio are effective at lysing Gram-negative bacteria but have a poor effect on Gram-positive bacteria and grow slowly. Bacteriophages are highly specific but have a narrow host range. Although these biological control measures are less effective than antibiotics, they are environmentally friendly, less prone to drug resistance, and aim to reduce chemical drug dependency, protect the ecosystem, and improve aquaculture efficiency. In the future, innovative and sustainable biological control technologies should be developed to address the challenges posed by pathogenic bacterial resistance and environmental protection.

To obtain the 14-3-3 protein of Trichinella spiralis (T1) and to identify and evaluate its biological characteristics, the biological information of 14-3-3(Ts14-3-3) protein of Trichinella spiralis was analyzed and predicted using relevant websites and software. Ts14-3-3 was recombined with pET-28a using gene cloning and prokaryotic expression techniques, and the recombinant Ts14-3-3(rTs14-3-3) protein was obtained. After the antigenicity was identified by Western blot, the rTs14-3-3 protein immune serum was prepared. qPCR and indirect immunofluorescence were used to identify its expression in different insect stages and its localization in muscle larvae. The effect of rTs14-3-3 protein on larvae in the muscle of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis was evaluated by animal experiments. Soluble rTs14-3-3 protein was successfully prepared, with a size of about 33 kDa, and it could specifically recognize the positive serum of porcine Trichinella spiralis. The titer of the prepared immune serum was as high as 1:52000. The protein was highly expressed in the muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis, and the gene was transcribed in the larvae, adults, and muscle larvae during the intestinal infection stage of Trichinella spiralis. The pest reduction rate of mouse muscle larvae was 55.2%. rTs14-3-3 protein has good reactivity and immunogenicity, can reduce the number of muscle larvae in mouse tissues infected by Trichinella spiralis, and has potential as a serological diagnosis and candidate vaccine molecular antigen.

Peppermint is a food-medicine crop with secondary metabolites as core functional components. It has a wide range of biological activities. The bioactivities of peppermint are mainly related to its abundant active constituents, such as menthol, menthone, montaflorin, hesperidin, caffeic acid and other constituents, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumour effects. This paper reviews the distribution of resources and major origins of peppermint, the analytical studies of the major functional components of peppermint, the progress of nutritional and pharmacological studies of the major functional components, as well as the prediction and quality control of the core quality components of peppermint. Finally, the application fields and prospects of peppermint in agricultural product processing are discussed to provide direction and basis for the application of peppermint processing.

In this paper, the research status of edible dock was briefly described from the aspects of nutritional value, safety, extraction technology of protein and active substances, food and health products, feeding, soil improvement and cultivation technology, etc. It was analyzed that the values of nutrition, health care, food use, feeding use and soil improvement of edible dock were high, but people’s recognition of leaf-eating grass was low, the related basic and applied technology research was still in the initial stage, and the development of the industry was slow. Three suggestions were put forward to promote the research and industrial development of edible dock, to improve people’s recognition of edible dock through propaganda and production of high-value products of edible dock; accelerate the research on the introduction and cultivation of edible dock, and promote intensive and large-scale planting; strengthen the research on the basic and applied technology of edible dock in animal husbandry and soil improvement.

The development of dye industry makes the treatment of dye waste liquid a challenge for environmental protection. Due to the high specific surface area and rich surface functional groups, biochar has excellent performance in adsorption of waste liquid dye substances, which makes it an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly adsorption material. This paper reviewed the adsorption mechanism and influencing factors of biochar in the dye adsorption process. It was pointed out that: (1) the adsorption mechanism of biochar on dye waste liquid including hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction, electrostatic interaction, coordination and ion exchange, jointly determined the interaction and adsorption efficiency of biochar and dye molecules. (2)The factors affecting the adsorption capacity of biochar included the raw materials, modification methods and preparation processes of biochar. (3)The properties of waste liquid, such as solution pH and ion concentration, also affected the adsorption capacity of biochar for dyes. Finally, the problems in the current biochar adsorption research, such as the single research object, the process and cost, and the impact on environment, had yet to be solved. This paper provides a reference for subsequent research to promote the practical application of biochar in the treatment of dye waste liquid.

The purpose of this study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the overall trajectory and development trends in the research of endophytic fungi in China, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for establishing future research directions and predicting development trends in this field. A CiteSpace bibliometric analysis was carried out in this study, which took master's and doctoral dissertations as the entry point, and used "endophytic fungi" as the keyword for thematic searching, conducted bibliometric and visual analysis of the annual publication volume, research institutions, keywords, research hotspots, and timelines of relevant dissertations. The results showed that the overall number of dissertations published was on an upward trend, the top three research institutions for the number of publications were the Northwest A&F University, Lanzhou University, and Yunnan University, accounted for 14.34% of the total. The research dissertations in the field can be mainly divided into three stages: initial exploration, rising development, and rapid growth. The excavation of bioactive substances from metabolites and diversity analysis of endophytic fungi has been the hotspots. Our researchers can focus on further elucidating the interaction mechanism between endophytic fungi and host plants, and exploring their potential value in agricultural production, environmental restoration, and ecological protection in the future.

To understand the research progress of colored rice and its related genes, the functions of colored rice were summarized, and the effects of Ra, Rc, Rd, OsC1 and OsB2 genes on the traits of colored rice were analyzed. These genes determine the red, black, and purple colors of rice grains by influencing the accumulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. In this paper, we point out the limitations of related rice color genes in rice breeding. And the current research is not systematic enough to make full use of the diversity of these genes and prove the role of these genes in other rice traits. It is believed that genome-wide association analysis and population genetics method can be used to systematically analyze the variation and expression patterns of these genes in different rice varieties, and provide data support for rice genetic improvement. We can also use genetic methods and modern biotechnology methods to explore the functions of these genes in other traits of rice, to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of multiple traits of rice.

The traditional soil-based rice seedling methods for mechanical transplanting are time consuming and laborious. Slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray is an important way to achieve efficient cultivation of rice. The effects of slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray on seedling growth, NPK release characteristics and rice yield were studied. The rice seedling experiment was set up with two treatments: rice seedling with nutrient soil and rice seedling with slow-released fertilizer. In further, the field experiment was set up with five treatments: no nitrogen application, conventional fertilization, one-time fertilization with slow-released fertilizer (OFSRF), one-time fertilization with side-deep fertilization (OFSDF) and one-time fertilization with slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray (OFSS). The results of the rice seedling experiment showed that the main release time of NPK in the slow-released fertilizer in the rice seedling tray was day 7 and day 13, and the main absorption time of nitrogen by rice was on day 8- day 9, and the main absorption time of phosphorus and potassium was on day 13. Compared with conventional rice seedling, the aboveground fresh weight, leaf number, plant height and stem diameter treated with rice seedling with slow-released fertilizer increased by 37.30%, 66.67%, 44.57% and 13.43%, respectively, and the chlorophyll content and nitrogen content of the leaves increased by 29.33% and 53.32%, respectively. The results of the field experiment showed that compared with the OFSRF and OFSDF, the rice yield of OFSS was significantly increased by 10.73% (P<0.05) and 6.69% (P<0.05), while the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate was significantly increased by 26.51% (P<0.05) and 14.97%. In summary, compared with conventional rice seedling, rice seedling with slow-released fertilizer improved the aboveground growth and nutrient content of seedling. Under the same fertilization level in the field, one-time fertilization with slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray could increase rice yield and improve nitrogen utilization efficiency.

This study comprehensively reviews the recent research on bacterial degradation of pesticide residues both domestically and internationally, enumerates the common bacteria for degrading pesticide residues in soybeans, conducts an in-depth analysis of the pathways and mechanisms of bacterial degradation of common pesticide residues in soybeans, and deliberates on the impacts of pesticide structure, the intrinsic mechanism of bacteria, and environmental factors on the bacterial degradation of pesticide residues in soybeans. In light of the issues such as soil and crop pollution caused by excessive pesticide use, which adversely affect human health and the ecological environment, the degradation function of bacteria on pesticides can be utilized for improvement, thereby enhancing crop yield and facilitating sustainable agricultural development. It is proposed that the further exploration of bacterial species capable of degrading pesticide residues in soybeans and the strategy of combining bacterial strains in the future should be pursued, with the aim of enhancing soybean yield and quality, reducing the harm of pesticide residues to human health, and providing a reference for ecological protection.

To investigate the changing characteristics of soil nutrients in tomato protected cultivation, enhance the fertilization management for protected vegetables, and promote the sustainable development of protected agriculture, the plow layer in the cultivated areas of tomato protected cultivation was selected as the research object. Soil physical and chemical properties were measured by conventional detection methods to analyze nutrient changes. The results showed that in the study areas of tomato protected cultivation, the pH of the soil and the content of water-soluble salts increased. The content of organic matter was above the medium level, and the contents of available nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were abundant. The soil was in a state of secondary salinization and excessive nutrient enrichment. In addition, the contents of trace elements were uneven across the soil. In the subsequent planting process, it was recommended to increase the application of organic fertilizers to raise the content of soil organic matter, improve the soil structure, and promote microbial activities. Meanwhile, attention should be given to the combined application of fertilizers containing secondary and micronutrients along with those containing macronutrients to balance the nutrients supply of soil, and increase overall productivity.

‘YY021’ is a hybrid tobacco variety selected for dryland tobacco growing areas. In order to identify the drought tolerance of ‘YY021’, ‘Zhongyan 100’ was used as the control variety, and the drought-rehydration experiment of floating seedling was arranged to investigate wilting index and water content, observe the changes of active oxygen, and measure the content of malonaldehyde, proline and the expression of drought-related gene by qRT-PCR. The results showed that with the prolongation of drought time, the leaf water content of ‘Zhongyan 100’ and ‘YY021’ decreased and the wilting index increased. The content of malonaldehyde increased with the extension of drought time. The expression of osmotin gene decreased first and then increased from 0-7 d of drought. After 7 days of drought, compared with ‘Zhongyan 100’, the leaf moisture content of‘YY021’ increased by 4.31%, the wilting index of ‘YY021’ decreased by 3.97%, and the contents of malondialdehyde decreased by 9.21%, and the contents of proline increased by 84.71%. Compared with ‘Zhongyan 100’, ‘YY021’ had lower levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and the higher osmotin gene expression. The ERD gene responded more rapidly. The drought tolerance of ‘YY021’ was better than that of ‘Zhongyan 100’. Under drought stress, the damage of reactive oxygen species to membrane of ‘YY021’ was reduced by accumulating osmotic adjustment substance proline. ERD and osmotin genes may be candidate genes for drought tolerance of ‘YY021’.

To investigate the effects of castor bean microbial enzyme biological fertilizer on the growth, fruit yield, and quality of tomato plants, a pot experiment was conducted using cherry tomato varieties as experimental materials. A total of five treatments including no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer (HF, 4 g/plant) and three different application gradients [20 g/plant(BF₁), 40 g/plant(BF₂), 80 g/plant(BF₃)] of castor bean microbial enzyme biological fertilizer were set up. The results showed that compared with CK, the plant height of tomato plants treated with BF₃ during the fruiting and harvesting periods increased by 16.82%-20.23%. During the fruiting period, the stem diameter of BF₂ treatment increased by 34.04%, and during the harvesting period, the stem diameter of BF₁ treatment increased by 41.30%. Fruit weight and number of fruits per plant of BF₁ treatment were the best during the harvesting period, and the average yield per plant increased by 496.98%. The content of vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and soluble solids in tomatoes treated with BF₃ increased by 28.57%, 63.49%, 77.43% and 16.43%, respectively. The dry matter mass of roots, stems and leaves showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of application rate of castor bean microbial enzyme biological fertilizer. 20 g/plant of castor bean microbial enzyme biological fertilizer has a significant promoting effect on the growth and yield of tomato plants, while 80 g/plant of castor bean microbial enzyme biological fertilizer has the best effect on the fruit quality of tomato plants.

To screen the wheat varieties suitable for planting in the Cd-contaminated farmland of Hebei Piedmont Plain, the field experiment was conducted to study the yield and differential characteristics of cadmium absorption of 48 local main wheat varieties. The results showed that there were significant differences in the yield and the ability to absorb and accumulate Cd among 48 wheat varieties (P<0.05). The yield of ‘Shimai 27’ was the highest (10538.6 kg/hm²), which was 6.33%-42.41% higher than that of other wheat varieties. The yield of ‘Shimai 26’ was the second highest, which was 6.77%-38.51% higher than that of other wheat varieties. The grain Cd contents and enrichment coefficients of ‘Shimai 26’, ‘Zhongxinmai 48’, ‘Malan 6’ and ‘Kenong 2011’ were relatively low, ranging from 0.115 to 0.133 mg/kg and from 0.032 to 0.038, respectively. The Cd transport coefficients of ‘Kenong 2011’, ‘Zhongxinmai 48’ and ‘Shimai 26’ were relatively low, ranging from 0.273 to 0.291. The results of cluster analysis showed that there were 2 varieties of low Cd accumulation, 19 varieties with relatively low Cd accumulation, 3 varieties with low Cd translocation, and 7 varieties with relatively low Cd translocation. By comprehensive evaluation of wheat yield, grain Cd content, enrichment coefficient and transport coefficient, ‘Shimai 26’, ‘Zhongxinmai 48’ and ‘Kenong 2011’ were identified as Cd low accumulation type wheat varieties for safe production in the Cd-contaminated farmland.

In order to clarify the effects of rearing with different volume-density combinations on the developmental duration, survival rate, and weight of pupae and adults of the ten-spotted ladybird beetles, under conditions of 25℃, relative humidity of 60% to 80%, and a light cycle of 10 L:14 D, three containers (A: 1000 mL; B: 1500 mL; C: 2000 mL) and 3 densities (15 heads; 20 heads; 25 heads), feeding, recording and analyzing the development period, survival rate, pupal and adult weight of each insect of M. dilatata. The results showed that the survival curve of M. dilatata showed an "S" downward trend with the growth of instar, and the development duration of each treatment was C₃>C₁>A₁=C₂>A₃>A₂=B₂>B₁>B₃, and the average development time of group B was the shortest. The survival rate of the 1st and 2nd instar larval stage and pupal stage of each treatment was lower, and the pupation rate and adult rate of B₂ treatment were 76.67% and 73.33%, which were higher than those of the other treatments. The weight of each treatment at pupal stage from high to low was A₁>C₂>C₃>B₁>A₃>C₁>B₃>A₂>B₂, and the weight of adults from high to low was B₁>B₃>B₂>C₂>C₃>C₁>A₂>A₃>A₁. In summary, the best feeding container for M. dilatata should be B₂ treatment, that is, 1500 mL feeding density of 20 heads/box is the best. This study provides a theoretical basis for the efficient breeding of larvae of M. dilatata.

Tissue section staining observation technology and physiological and biochemical detection methods were used to study the hepatopancreas histopathological and blood biochemical indicators of acute poisoning of Eriocheir sinensis under high concentration nitrite farming conditions, five experimental concentrations were set: 10.16, 21.13, 30.06, 41.11, and 51.04 mg/L. The results showed that acute intoxication caused shrinkage of the basement membrane of the hepatopancreatic tubules in crabs, with severe cases resulting in rupture. The hepatopancreatic cells were separated from the basement membrane to form a large gap. The cell boundary was not obvious, and the arrangement was disordered and fell off to the lumen. Some hepatic tubules were broken, the tissue dissolved, and the stromal cells infiltrated; the hemocyte density (DHC) in the blood increased. In haemolymph of acute poisoning crabs, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and the glucose content (GLU) increased, the activities of triglyceride (TG) decreased. Immunological indexes showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) decreased but the activity of galkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased. The research indicated that acute high concentration nitrite poisoning caused great damage to the hepatopancreas and reduced the immunity of the crab, ultimately affecting the normal feeding and activities of the crab. When the concentration of nitrite in the water of Eriocheir sinensis aquaculture is 41.11 mg/L, the mortality rate is 50% at 20 hours and 60% at 24 hours; when the concentration of nitrite is 51.04 mg/L, the mortality rate is 50% at 8 hours and 80% at 24 hours.

This study aimed to develop a new cassava cultivar with high and stable yield, high starch content, resistance to carmine spider mites, and wide adaptability. Using the compact and high-yielding cassava cultivar 'South China 11' ('SC11') as the female parent and the high-starch, carmine spider mite-resistant cultivar 'Guire 891' ('GR891') as the male parent, a systematic breeding procedure was implemented to develop the new elite cassava cultivar 'Yunreshu No.1'. In regional and production trials, its fresh root yields reached 42.42 t/ha and 40.44 t/ha, representing yield increases of 14.09% and 16.41%, respectively, compared with the main Chinese cultivar 'South China 205' ('SC205'). The starch content of fresh roots was 26.11% (specific gravity method) and 36.02% (acid hydrolysis method), both higher than the control 'SC205'. The average mite damage indices were 23.72% and 26.01%, respectively, demonstrating mite resistance. This variety was officially certified by the National Tropical Crops Variety Approval Committee on December 25, 2023 (Approval No.: Repinshen 2023004). 'Yunreshu No.1' is a new cassava cultivar characterized by high and stable yield, high starch content, and resistance to carmine spider mites. It exhibits strong market competitiveness in major cassava-growing regions such as Yunnan, Hainan, Jiangxi, and Guangxi, and holds significant potential for enhancing cassava production, farmer income, and industrial efficiency.

This study aims to sort out the impact of foliar fertilization on crop productivity. Through extensive research on a large number of domestic and foreign literatures, it reviews the development of foliar fertilizers, summarizes the types and characteristics of different foliar fertilizers, and concludes the roles of different types of foliar fertilizers in promoting plant growth and alleviating plant stress. Moreover, it takes the stomata and cuticle on the leaf surface as the entry point to summarize the mechanism of action of foliar fertilizers. Research has found that when reactive oxygen species accumulate in large quantities within plants, it will reduce photosynthetic efficiency and affect crop growth. Foliar fertilization can enhance the antioxidant activity of crops, regulate photosynthetic activity, energy metabolism and nutrient assimilation and other physiological processes to promote crop growth. Finally, the problems existing in the practical application of foliar fertilizers and the prospects for further exploring the mechanism by which foliar fertilizers regulate plant growth and development are discussed and prospected.

To study the application effect of bio-organic fertilizer in millet planting, and obtain the best bio-organic fertilizer application rate for planting millet in Hebei area, the field experiment of ‘Jigu 35’ was carried out from June 2023 to September 2023, and six treatments were set as followed: no fertilization (DCK₁), pure chemical fertilizer (DCK₂), 2250 kg/hm² bio-organic fertilizer (D₁), 4500 kg/hm² bio-organic fertilizer (D₂), 6750 kg/hm² bio-organic fertilizer (D₃), 9000 kg/hm² bio-organic fertilizer (D₄). The effects of different application rates of bio-organic fertilizer on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, SPAD value, aboveground biomass and underground biomass of millet were analyzed. The results showed that the application of bio-organic fertilizer had a significant positive effect on the growth traits of millet, and the effects of different application amounts on the growth of millet were different. Among them, D₃ and D₄ treatments had better effects. However, from the perspective of saving resources, it was recommended to choose D₃ treatment as the optimal application amount of bio-organic fertilizer for planting millet, which was 6750 kg/hm² of bio-organic fertilizer, so as to achieve the purpose of replacing chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer, while reducing the negative impact on the environment, and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. It also laid a solid foundation for further optimizing millet planting technology and improving the yield and quality of millet.