In order to clarify the baking characteristics of the US-introduced tobacco variety ‘NC297’, the traits of color characterization, yellowing and browning, water loss, chlorophyll degradation, and polyphenol oxidase activity of different parts of the tobacco leaves in the dark-box test were investigated by using the intensive baking room and dark-box test method with ‘NC297’ as the material. The results showed that: (1) in the dark-box test, the yellowing degree of the middle and lower leaves was close to 100% at 96 h, while the upper leaves were not completely yellowed until more than 120 h, indicating that the baking ease of the middle and lower leaves of ‘NC297’ was moderate, but the baking ease of the upper leaves was poor. (2) During the baking process, the polyphenol oxidase activity of the upper fresh tobacco leaves of ‘NC297’ was 0.46 ∆OD_{398 nm}/(g·min), significantly higher than that of the middle and lower leaves of ‘NC297’ which was 0.22 ∆OD_{398 nm}/(g·min), indicating that the middle and lower leaves of ‘NC297’ were more resistant to baking, and the upper leaves were moderately resistant to baking. However, the browning degree of the lower leaves was close to 30% at 144 h, which indicated that the browning degree of the lower leaves among different parts of the tobacco was relatively poor. (3) In terms of chemical composition, with the increase of baking time, total sugar, reducing sugar and total amino acid content gradually increased, while total nitrogen, protein and starch content gradually decreased. To summarize, ‘NC297’ has medium baking ease in the middle and lower leaves, poor baking ease in the upper leaves, the order of baking resistance is middle leaves> upper leaves> lower leaves, and the chemical compositions of the flue-cured leaves are more coordinated, and the quality is significantly improved.

This study comprehensively reviews the recent research on bacterial degradation of pesticide residues both domestically and internationally, enumerates the common bacteria for degrading pesticide residues in soybeans, conducts an in-depth analysis of the pathways and mechanisms of bacterial degradation of common pesticide residues in soybeans, and deliberates on the impacts of pesticide structure, the intrinsic mechanism of bacteria, and environmental factors on the bacterial degradation of pesticide residues in soybeans. In light of the issues such as soil and crop pollution caused by excessive pesticide use, which adversely affect human health and the ecological environment, the degradation function of bacteria on pesticides can be utilized for improvement, thereby enhancing crop yield and facilitating sustainable agricultural development. It is proposed that the further exploration of bacterial species capable of degrading pesticide residues in soybeans and the strategy of combining bacterial strains in the future should be pursued, with the aim of enhancing soybean yield and quality, reducing the harm of pesticide residues to human health, and providing a reference for ecological protection.

To screen out the better agents for controlling the eggs and larvae of Tuta absoluta, the leaf-dipping method was employed to assess the indoor toxicity of 11 agents, as well as the synergistic effects of mixtures of biopesticides and chemical pesticides. The findings revealed the following toxicity rankings of different agents on the eggs of T. absoluta in the laboratory: emamectin benzoate> abamectin> spinetoram> indoxacarb> rotenone> matrine> beta-cypermethrin·emamectin benzoate> azadirachtin> Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421> Bacillus thuringiensis> Beauveria bassiana ZJU435. Regarding the toxicity to the larvae of T. absoluta, the ranking was: emamectin benzoate> abamectin> spinetoram> matrine> rotenone> beta-cypermethrin·emamectin benzoate> indoxacarb> azadirachtin> Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421> Beauveria bassiana ZJU435> Bacillus thuringiensis. Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421, Beauveria bassiana ZJU435, and Bacillus thuringiensis were each blended with emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, and indoxacarb at active-ingredient ratios of 1:9, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, and 9:1 to evaluate the synergistic effects on the eggs of T. absoluta. When Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421and indoxacarb were combined at an active-ingredient ratio of 9:1, the co-toxicity coefficient reached its peak at 204.90, demonstrating the most pronounced synergistic effect. The tests indicated that emamectin benzoate, avermectin, and spinetoram exerted high toxicity on both the eggs and larvae of T. absoluta. The mixtures of Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421, Beauveria bassiana ZJU435, and Bacillus thuringiensis with emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, and indoxacarb manifested synergistic effects, thereby enhancing the control of T. absoluta and reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides.

In order to solve the negative influence of weak light in solar greenhouse on the yield and quality of strawberry in winter and spring in northern China, the supplementary light was set inside the greenhouse [supplementary light intensity was (20±3) μmol/(m²·s), supplementary light duration was 3 h/d, T1] for strawberries, and no supplementary light treatment was set as control (CK). The results showed that the supplementary light treatment significantly promoted the increase of plant height and photosynthetic pigment content in strawberry leaves, and the chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, total chlorophyll content, and carotenoid content in strawberry leaves increased by 27.3%, 35.9%, 21.7%, and 19.4%, respectively. Absorption flux per reaction center (ABS/RC), trapped energy flux per RC (TR₀/RC) and dissipation energy flux per RC (DI₀/RC) decreased by 13.5%, 7.6%, and 20.0%, respectively, which indicated that the pigment unit of strawberry leaf antenna absorbed and captured less light energy, resulting in less light energy for electron transport. Compared with strawberry plants grown without supplementary light, the energy loss of photochemical reaction in strawberry leaves was significantly reduced by supplementary light. The contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, and vitamin C in strawberry fruit treated with supplementary light increased by 56.1%, 6.8%, and 3.1%, respectively, compared with those treated without supplementary light. In terms of the influences of volatile substances, the nitrogen oxides, alkanes, sulphide, alcohols and aromatic compounds, alkanes and aliphatic groups increased by 15.3%, 16.2%, 10.6%, 6.8%, and 6.7%, respectively, compared with the no supplementary light treatment. In conclusion, solar greenhouse supplementary light treatment significantly promoted the growth of strawberry plants, the improvement of strawberry fruit quality and the accumulation of flavor substances.

This study aims to investigate the physiological and molecular responses of Corbicula fluminea to salt-alkali stress. Corbicula fluminea was subjected to varying concentrations of salt-alkali stress to monitor and analyze survival rates and ATPase activity, thereby assessing its tolerance to sodium chloride-induced salinity, sodium bicarbonate-induced alkalinity, and the combined effects of salt-alkali interaction stress. The findings indicated that the median lethal concentrations (LD₅₀) of sodium chloride at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were 70.22, 44.86, 22.87, and 9.92 g/L, respectively, with a safe concentration (SC) of 5.5 g/L; the median lethal concentrations (LD₅₀) of sodium bicarbonate alkalinity at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were 309.56, 188.03, 86.4, 35.97 mmol/L, and SC was 20.81 mmol/L. The interaction of salt-alkali stress exhibited an antagonistic effect on Corbicula fluminea, with the toxicity of the combined stress being less than that of either salinity or alkalinity alone. Following exposure to saline-alkali water at a safe concentration, the activities of Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in the gills demonstrated a significant increase within the first 12 hours (P<0.05). These activities continued to rise, reaching normal levels after 24 hours and peaking at 72 hours (P<0.05). The study indicates that Corbicula fluminea exhibits a degree of tolerance to saline-alkaline water conditions, indicating its potential for cultivation in environments where salinity does not exceed 5.5 g/L or alkalinity remains below 20.81 mmol/L.

This study investigated the drought resistant of different lines of Brassica napus, which provided germplasm resources for the breeding of drought resistant rapeseed varieties. Eight different genetic background lines of Brassica napus were used as experimental materials to simulate drought stress treatment with different concentrations of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000). The SOD activity, CAT activity and MDA content were measured by colorimetric method, potassium permanganate titration method, and thiobarbituric acid method, respectively. The germination ratio and plant height of eight rapeseed lines both decreased with the increase of drought stress degree. However, the germination rate of ‘G32-1’ was between 96% and 98%, and it was almost unaffected. The plant height inhibition degree of‘G763-2’was the lightest (29.1%). The SOD activity of ‘G7-1’ showed the most significant decrease, with a decrease of 23.59 U/kg. Overall, the trend of SOD activity in ‘G32-1’ was higher than that in ‘G7-1’. The CAT activity of ‘Qingza No.1’ was relatively higher (1.16-1.48 mg/g), but the CAT activity of ‘G32-1’ was relatively lower (0.88-1.30 mg/g). The MDA content of ‘G7-1’ and ‘G32-1’ was at a relatively low level, which MDA content was 0.55-0.83 μmol/g and 0.47-1.14 μmol/g, respectively. In total, ‘G32-1’ had the strongest drought resistance and could be used as an excellent germplasm resource for cultivating drought resistant varieties of rapeseed.

To investigate the effects of different organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of purple sweet potatoes, a field experiment was conducted in 2023 at the experimental base of Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences using ‘Taizishu 1’ as the test sweet potato variety. Six treatments were designed, including no fertilization, single chemical fertilizer, and 50% reduced chemical fertilizer combined with pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, and chicken manure. The study analyzed the impacts of these treatments on agronomic traits, dry matter distribution, yield, and quality of purple sweet potatoes. The results showed that the purple sweet potato stem treated with pig manure had the thickest diameter, at 14.95 cm, an increase of 15.71% compared to the single chemical fertilizer treatment; the aboveground dry weight of sheep manure treatment was the heaviest, at 197.62 g, 30.33% higher than the single chemical fertilizer treatment; the proportion of dry matter distribution in the tubers treated with cow manure was the highest, at 71.82%, which increased by 11.47% compared to the single chemical fertilizer treatment; the yield and commodity rate of purple sweet potato tubers treated with pig manure were the highest, which were 48607.95 kg/hm² and 79.25%, respectively; the soluble sugar content in purple sweet potato tubers treated with pig manure was the highest, at 38.75 mg/g, significantly higher than other treatments. Research has shown that the combination of pig manure and chemical fertilizers can promote the coordinated growth of the aboveground and underground parts of purple sweet potatoes, promote the rational distribution of dry matter, and thereby increase the quantity, rate, weight, yield, and soluble sugar content of commercial sweet potatoes. The effect is superior to the combination of other organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers. This research provides a theoretical foundation for high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of purple sweet potatoes.

In order to effectively control Huanglongbing (HLB) and reduce the loss of HLB to the global citrus industry, this study reviewed the latest research on the control of HLB in recent years. The results showed that there were no effective agents and disease-resistant varieties. At present, the main methods of controlling HLB include traditional ‘three fast methods’, namely planting disease-free seedlings to control HLB from the sources, preventing and controlling Diaphorina citr to block its transmission path, and digging infected trees to eliminate the infection source; expanded physical control technologies include seedling virus-free, light, steam heat treatment, etc.; multi-directional chemical drug control technologies include antibiotics, nanomaterials, immune inducers and antimicrobial peptides; emerging biological control technologies include various probiotics, microbial preparations, etc. Finally, the application prospect of soil amendment and biological control agent combined treatment of HLB and citrus transgenic disease resistance technology based on genetic improvement was prospected, to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for effective control of HLB.

China is a major agricultural country. With the rapid development of agricultural science and technology, agriculture has entered a new stage of development with high yield, high quality, and high efficiency. Achieving automation and intelligent observation of crop growth period recognition is a crucial part of agricultural modernization. This paper introduced the current research status of crop growth period recognition and presented two methods for automatic observation and identification of winter wheat growth period, one based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the other based on deep learning. Using winter wheat in Henan as an example, the results of automatic observation and identification from both methods were compared with manual observations. The results validated the feasibility and effectiveness of both identification methods, showing high accuracy and efficiency, thereby improving measurement efficiency and reliability. In terms of identification accuracy, the two methods had their own strengths at different growth periods and could complement each other. The deep learning-based identification method demonstrated better generalizability compared to the NDVI-based method. However, both methods required optimization and upgrading in the future to further enhance identification accuracy.

To determine the control effect of cyromazine, chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram on Drosophila suzukii larvae, the fruit damaged by D. suzukii was collected and the experiment was carried out by means of insecticide spray. The mortality rate of D. suzukii larvae was calculated on day 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 after medication. The mortality rates of D. suzukii larvae after 5 days of treatment with 3000, 2500 and 2000 times cyromazine spray were 53.72%, 56.47% and 58.48%, respectively. After 5 days of treatment with 5000, 4500 and 4000 chlorantraniliprole spray, the mortality rates of D. suzukii larvae were 51.49%, 54.85% and 58.42%, respectively. After 5 days of treatment with 2500, 2000 and 1500 times spinetoram spray, the mortality rates of D. suzukii larvae were 41.38%, 43.30% and 49.74%, respectively. Cyromazine and chlorantraniliprole have certain control effect on D. suzukii larvae.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and main quality changes of nine yellow-fleshed sweetpotato (YFSP) varieties at different development stages, and to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of fresh sweetpotato. Nine winter YFSP varieties were used as materials. The diameter, length, weight, flesh color, dry rate, starch, and soluble sugar content of sweetpotato at five development stages were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the diameter, length, weight and dry rate of single potato increased continuously during the development process. The growth rate of sweetpotato length of ‘Guangshu 79’ was the fastest at 45-105 d, and that of ‘Anna’ was the fastest at 135-165 d. The highest rate of increase in diameter and single sweetpotato weight was ‘Mashali’. The dry matter rate of ‘Guangshu 79’ increased the fastest. The soluble sugar content showed a downward trend during development, and ‘Guangshu 79’ showed the fastest decline. With the increase of starch content, ‘Guangshu 79’ increased rapidly in the early growth period of 45-105d, and ‘Anna’ increased fastest in 135-165d. The study found that the length, diameter, single root weight, dry rate and total starch content of YFSP tubers increased gradually with the growth and development period, and the content of soluble sugar decreased gradually. The rapid development and growth periods of different varieties of sweet potato were different.

In order to study the influence of maize-peanut intercropping on crop and soil characteristics, this paper sets up the root separation test of corn and peanut potted plants to study the influence of maize and peanut intercropping on crop agronomic traits, physiological activities, soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activity and soil rapid nutrients. The results showed that maize-peanut intercropping affected the morphological and physiological indexes of crops. Plant height and relative chlorophyll content of peanut were increased by 71.4% and 11.3%, but root length, root weight and leaf weight were not significantly affected. Plant height, leaf fresh weight and root length of maize were increased by 43.9%, 122% and 45.6%, respectively. But there was no significant effect on the relative content of chlorophyll. Maize-peanut intercropping improved plant stress resistance, increased SOD and POD activities of peanut leaves by 66.7% and 129%, and decreased MDA content of peanut roots by 19.8%, respectively. The activities of SOD in leaves and roots of maize were increased by 39.9% and 17.0%, respectively, while MDA content in roots decreased by 61%. Maize-peanut intercropping changed soil available nutrient content, decreased peanut soil available N by 79.5%, but increased soil available P by 11.5%, and had no effect on soil available K content. It had no effect on maize soil available N and K, but decreased soil available P by 9.4%. Maize-peanut intercropping affected soil biological characteristics and increased soil enzyme activities, especially the alkaline phosphates activity. The soil alkaline phosphates activity in peanut and maize fields increased by 122% and 330%, respectively. The Maize-peanut intercropping could improve soil microenvironment and physiological activities of leaves and roots in seedling stage.

To understand the spatial differentiation of soil P forms in the subtropical natural forest land, this study took the natural forest land of Lianhuashan scenic spot in the Qianjiangyuan National Park as the research object, both upper layer samples (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) and the horizontal samples of representative soil profiles located in three terrain positions, including the top of slope, middle slope (hillside), slope toe, and also rhizosphere soils at the foot of the slope, were collected to characterize P forms for understanding the relationship between soil P composition and topography. The analysis results of both upper soil sample and profile soil horizonal samples showed that the organic C, total P, total organic P and various forms of organic P, Ca₂-P and available P had obvious surface enrichment characteristics, which gradually decreased with the soil depth. The averaged proportion of inorganic P in the total P was higher than that of organic P. The proportion of organic P to the total P and the proportions of both active and moderate active organic P to total organic P decreased in the order of slope toe > top > middle slope, and also decreased with the depth of the profile. The organic P in forest soil mainly existed in the medium active organic P and medium stable organic P, while inorganic P mainly existed in the occluded P (O-P) and Fe-P. Compared with the corresponding bulk soils, the rhizosphere soils contained lower total P and lower pH, the higher proportion of organic C, available P, proportion of organic P in the total P, proportion of active organic P in the organic P and proportion of Ca₂-P in the total P. The contents of organic P, Ca₂-P, Al-P and available P were significantly correlated with the contents of organic carbon. The results showed that the root uptake of P from deep soil, the return of dead leaves to the surface and migration of surface runoff were the main driving forces for the spatial differences of soil P in natural forest land.

Soil serves as the primary repository of trace elements required for tobacco growth, making it crucial to investigate the plentiful-lack index and the factors influencing the abundance of these trace-elements in soil used for tobacco cultivation. Therefore, this study utilized the findings from two soil surveys conducted in 2005 and 2018 within Fujian Province’s tobacco-planting soil, employing geostatistical analysis methods to examine the spatial and temporal variability characteristics and the driving factors affecting the trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn). The study revealed that over the 14 years period from 2005 to 2018, there was a noticeable fluctuation in the trace element content of soil, yet all remained at either high or extremely high levels. Upon further analysis, it was found that the available iron content in Fujian Province’s tobacco-planting soil in 2018 predominantly ranged from 200-350 mg/kg (83.90%), with distribution mainly influenced by non-structural factors; the available manganese content predominantly fell within the range of 10-25 mg/kg (90.14%), primarily influenced by structural factors; the available copper content was primarily concentrated in the range of 1.5-3 mg/kg (80.44%), influenced by a combination of structural and non-structural factors; the available zinc content predominantly ranged from 1.5-4 mg/kg (91.88%), exhibiting a spatial auto-correlation pattern similar to that of the soil available copper; correlation and stepwise regression analyses revealed that soil pH and organic matter directly influenced the content of soil trace elements, whereas soil exchangeable magnesium had an indirect effect on these elements through its impact on pH. In the tobacco-planting regions of Fujian Province, trace-element deficiency such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn was essentially non-existent, with overall contents being high. Amidst the acidic soil conditions prevalent in Fujian Province, fertilizers such as magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, and calcium magnesium phosphate could be utilized as alternatives to magnesium sulfate for managing soil trace elements.

To explore the effect of alginate enhancing solution on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat, four different concentration treatments were set during the regreening stage, jointing stage and booting stage of winter wheat, which were 0 mg/kg (CK), 30 mg/kg (N30), 60 mg/kg (N60) and 90 mg/kg (N90). The indexes such as chlorophyll content, grain filling rate, dry matter accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic characteristics and yield among different treatments were studied. The results showed that spraying alginate enhancing solution could significantly increase the chlorophyll content of wheat flag leaves and the grain filling rate, especially in the late stage of flowering, it still maintained a significant advantage compared with CK. The dry matter accumulation of stem sheath + leaves, ear shaft + glume, grain and distribution ratio were significantly higher than those of CK, among which the advantage of N30 treatment at the jointing stage was the most obvious. In photosynthesis, spraying alginate enhancing solution significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of flag leaves, reduced the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) of flag leaves, keeping the crops at a high photosynthetic rate all the time. In terms of yield and composition factors, there were no significant differences in the number of spikes and grains per spike among different concentration treatments compared with CK, but the thousand grain weight and yield were significantly higher than CK. Among them, spraying alginate enhancing solution at 30 mg/kg at the jointing stage had the best yield-increasing effect, with a yield of 8811.96 kg/hm², which was 12.01% higher than that of the CK treatment in the same growth period. In summary, spraying alginate enhancing solution at 30 mg/kg at the jointing stage is a more reasonable fertilization scheme.

In order to ascertain the influence of soil selenium content on peanut selenium content, a total of 19 peanut varieties were used as materials. Three discrete treatments of soil selenium content were employed, comprising 0.42 mg/kg (treatment A), 0.73 mg/kg (treatment B) and 1.08 mg/kg (treatment C). The impact of varying soil selenium levels on the selenium content and selenium enrichment coefficient of peanut seed kernels was evaluated. A field trial was conducted using a randomised block design. The results demonstrated considerable variability in the selenium content and selenium enrichment coefficients of the seed kernels of the different varieties in the different treatments, with ranges of 0.102-0.306 mg/kg and 11.32%-40.16%, respectively. The seed kernel selenium content was found to be consistent with the specified limit value for selenium content in selenium-enriched peanuts (0.05-0.5 mg/kg) as outlined in the regional standard of Guangxi (DB45T 1061-2014). The seed kernel selenium content of peanuts was found to be higher under treatment C, while the selenium enrichment coefficient of peanuts was higher under treatment A. Among the participating varieties in diverse treatments, the seed kernel selenium content and selenium enrichment factor of 'Guihuahei 1' were found to be the highest. 'Guihuahei 1' shows efficient and stable selenium enrichment ability in soils with different selenium contents, and is an excellent variety for producing natural selenium-rich peanuts.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released into the extracellular matrix by cells and retain a high compositional similarity to the cell membrane. Almost all types of cells are capable of secreting vesicles, and those produced by bacteria are usually referred to as bacterial extracellular vesicles. Vesicles play an important role in agriculture and environmental protection. To gain a deeper insight into the function of vesicles within the realm of environmental protection, a review was conducted on the types and composition of vesicles, extraction methods, production, secretion and regulation mechanisms and their roles in degrading pesticide wastes in soils. Moreover, the importance of vesicles in the relationships among bacteria and between pathogens and crops, as well as their potential applications in the field of environmental protection and agricultural production were discussed in depth. Finally, the future research direction was prospected, and it was believed that the function of vesicles should be deeply understood and the role of vesicles in the ecosystem category should be studied, and the role of vesicles in the ecosystem should be utilized to make more contributions to environmental protection.

This study explores the demand for low temperature accumulation during the germination process of apricot trees and analyzes the impact of warm winter phenomena caused by global warming on apricot yield. In this study, using the high-quality apricot variety ‘Haitanghong’ and its bud variant ‘Zaoyan’ from southern China as experimental materials, through transcriptomic analysis of 550 hours of treatment at 4℃, 3124 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and many were associated with plant hormones and protein dephosphorylation. By observing the branch color of the two varieties under low-temperature treatments, we found that the cultivar with the lower chilling requirement was more tolerant to cold. These results suggest that compared to ‘Haitanghong’, ‘Zaoyan’ has a lower low-temperature requirement, and the difference in chilling requirements between the two varieties may be related to plant hormones and post-transcriptional modification. And the reason for these differences of alternative splicing may be associated with the varied chilling requirement in the two cultivars. These results can provide a reference for mitigating the decrease of apricot yield under climate warming.

Root-knot nematodiasis mainly harms the roots of Panax notoginseng, meanwhile, its compound infection was caused by pathogen invasion of panax notoginseng, which leads to the necrosis and decay of root and ultimately made its yield was decreased. To understand the diversity of bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng in both healthy and it was invaded root-knot nematode disease conditions. We collected samples come from healthy soil (HK), infected soil (GB) and blank control (CK), and their bacterial communities were analyzed by using 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that the content of saponins (Rg1, Re, Rd) in healthy Panax notoginseng was significantly higher than that in affected by root-knot nematode. In the analysis of community diversity, the number of OTU was 497 in the rhizosphere bacterial community of healthy panax notoginseng, which was significantly higher than that of 427 in susceptible panax notoginseng and of 460 in CK. In the comparison of diversity index (ace, chao1, Shannon), although rhizosphere bacterial community had not significant difference in healthy and root-knot nematode, but it was significantly higher than that of blank control (CK). PCoA analysis showed that the similarity of bacterial community structure was low for three groups treatments (R²=0.544, P=0.008). However, the dominant bacteria existed differences in each treatment soil. Bradyrhizobium, JG30a-KF-32, Saccharimonadales, Granulicella and WPS-2 were significantly enriched in CK. Chujaibacter, Bryobacter, AD3 were significantly enriched in healthy Panax notoginseng. Gemmatimonas and Rhodanobacte were significantly enriched in Panax notoginseng was infected root-knot nematodiasis. The content of saponins was decreased by infecting root-knot nematodes. LEfSe analysis demonstrated that more biocontrol bacteria such as Bryobacter were enriched in the rhizosphere of healthy panax notoginseng, which provided help for the biological control of pathogenic bacteria of panax notoginseng.

Orange peel was used as organic material and the additive amounts were 0%, 0.25% and 0.5% of soil weight respectively. The continuous cultivation soil was subjected to strong reduction sterilization, and then the ‘Mini’ fruit cucumber seedlings were cultivated on the sterilized soil via pot experiment. The seedlings were inoculated with Glomus mosseae during cultivation. The effects of G. mosseae and reduction sterilization on soil quality, seedling growth, nutrients uptake and rhizosphere microbial quantity were investigated. The results showed that the contents of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and pH were significantly increased by reduction sterilization. Compared with non-sterilization, the organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus contents of soil treated by adding 0.25% orange peel were 1.05, 1.10 and 1.90 times respectively, and the pH increased by 0.17. At the same time, G. mosseae significantly promoted the growth of cucumber seedlings on unsterilized soil, and the leaf area, biomass and seedling quality index inoculated with G. mosseae on unsterilized soil were 1.29, 1.25 and 1.44 times more than those uninoculated with G. mosseae, respectively. The leaf area and biomass of seedlings grown on soil treated by adding 0.25% orange peel and uninoculated with G. mosseae were 1.02 and 1.22 times more than that on unsterilized soil inoculated with G. mosseae, respectively. In addition, regardless of soil sterilization or not, G. mosseae effectively improved the calcium, magnesium and iron nutrients status in shoots of seedlings, and increased the number of rhizosphere bacteria, while decreased the number of fungi. It was concluded that both inoculation with G. mosseae on unsterilized soil or strong reduction sterilization could effectively alleviate the growth obstacles of cucumber seedlings in.