This study aims to systematically summarize the application of maize live haploid technology in maize molecular breeding, with focus on exploring the selection methods, formation mechanisms, identification methods, doubling methods, and application in population improvement of maize live haploid high-frequency induction lines, providing reference and guidance for the large-scale application of live haploid breeding technology. This study used a literature review method to summarize the relevant research results and practical experience on maize haploid technology, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of various methods in practical applications. The research results indicated that maize live haploid technology played an important role in breeding excellent inbred lines and population improvement. Through high-frequency induction line breeding, a large number of excellent haploid plants had been successfully obtained; the identification and doubling methods effectively improved haploid formation and stability. The live haploid technology had shown significant doubling effects in population improvement, providing new ideas and methods for maize breeding. In summary, maize live haploid technology is an efficient and rapid breeding method with broad application prospects. In the process of corn breeding, combining live haploid technology can accelerate the pace of quality improvement and yield increase, providing strong support for the healthy development of the corn industry.

As an important economic shrimp species, the Litopenaeus vannamei is frequently affected by bacterial diseases, especially Vibriosis (including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio cholerae, etc.) during intensive aquaculture. This represents a significant risk to the long-term sustainability of aquaculture. With the widespread use of antibiotics, resistance genes of pathogenic bacteria are prevalent and widespread in the aquatic environment, posing new challenges to the prevention and treatment of Vibriosis. Therefore, it is extremely important to emphasize the maintenance of aquaculture environment and water quality monitoring. This review describes a series of biological control measures, including the use of biofloc technology, probiotics, antimicrobial peptides, quorum sensing inhibitors, and the use of biological control methods such as Bdellovibrio and like organisms and bacteriophage. The combination of biofloc technology and probiotics can improve water quality and enhance immunity. However, it is greatly affected by the environment, making it difficult to control the stability of bacteria flora. Antimicrobial peptides exhibit a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and they are safe and not easily resistant to drugs. However, they are difficult to preserve and have a high cost. Quorum-sensing inhibitors provide precise prevention and treatment with minimal environmental impact, but the mechanism research on them is limited. Bdellovibrio are effective at lysing Gram-negative bacteria but have a poor effect on Gram-positive bacteria and grow slowly. Bacteriophages are highly specific but have a narrow host range. Although these biological control measures are less effective than antibiotics, they are environmentally friendly, less prone to drug resistance, and aim to reduce chemical drug dependency, protect the ecosystem, and improve aquaculture efficiency. In the future, innovative and sustainable biological control technologies should be developed to address the challenges posed by pathogenic bacterial resistance and environmental protection.

Understanding the latest research hotspots and development trends in the field of banana fusarium wilt was the goal of the present study. Based on the core collection database of Web of Science (WOS), this paper conducted an advanced search on the theme of "banana fusarium wilt ", selected 779 papers published in 30 years from 1993 to 2023, and used CiteSpace visual analysis software. The bibliometrics analysis was conducted from the indicators of the annual number of published papers, subject of published papers, published journals, published countries, institutions, and cooperation between authors, literature co-citations and keywords. The results showed that: (1) from 2009 to 2023, the number of literatures in the field of banana fusarium wilt research showed an overall increasing trend, and the disciplines involved were mainly botany, accounting for 35.7% of the total literatures. The top four academic journals in terms of volume were Frontiers in Microbiology, European Journal of Plant Pathology, Frontiers in Plant Science and Journal of Fungi. (2) China, the United States and India had published more papers in the field of banana fusarium wilt research, but there was less international cooperation. The Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China and Hainan University had published the most papers in China. Shen Qirong and Li Rong from Nanjing Agricultural University and Ruan Yunze from Hainan University were influential researchers in the field of banana fusarium wilt research. (3) The biological control of banana fusarium wilt was still an important focus and research frontier in the field of banana fusarium wilt research. To sum up, there is a lot of basis for the research of banana fusarium wilt in various countries. Through the application of biological control technology of banana fusarium wilt, the suppression of fusarium wilt of banana can promote the healthy growth of banana, and promote the sustainable development of banana industry is the focus of future research.

Peppermint is a food-medicine crop with secondary metabolites as core functional components. It has a wide range of biological activities. The bioactivities of peppermint are mainly related to its abundant active constituents, such as menthol, menthone, montaflorin, hesperidin, caffeic acid and other constituents, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumour effects. This paper reviews the distribution of resources and major origins of peppermint, the analytical studies of the major functional components of peppermint, the progress of nutritional and pharmacological studies of the major functional components, as well as the prediction and quality control of the core quality components of peppermint. Finally, the application fields and prospects of peppermint in agricultural product processing are discussed to provide direction and basis for the application of peppermint processing.

In this paper, the research status of edible dock was briefly described from the aspects of nutritional value, safety, extraction technology of protein and active substances, food and health products, feeding, soil improvement and cultivation technology, etc. It was analyzed that the values of nutrition, health care, food use, feeding use and soil improvement of edible dock were high, but people’s recognition of leaf-eating grass was low, the related basic and applied technology research was still in the initial stage, and the development of the industry was slow. Three suggestions were put forward to promote the research and industrial development of edible dock, to improve people’s recognition of edible dock through propaganda and production of high-value products of edible dock; accelerate the research on the introduction and cultivation of edible dock, and promote intensive and large-scale planting; strengthen the research on the basic and applied technology of edible dock in animal husbandry and soil improvement.

This study comprehensively reviews the recent research on bacterial degradation of pesticide residues both domestically and internationally, enumerates the common bacteria for degrading pesticide residues in soybeans, conducts an in-depth analysis of the pathways and mechanisms of bacterial degradation of common pesticide residues in soybeans, and deliberates on the impacts of pesticide structure, the intrinsic mechanism of bacteria, and environmental factors on the bacterial degradation of pesticide residues in soybeans. In light of the issues such as soil and crop pollution caused by excessive pesticide use, which adversely affect human health and the ecological environment, the degradation function of bacteria on pesticides can be utilized for improvement, thereby enhancing crop yield and facilitating sustainable agricultural development. It is proposed that the further exploration of bacterial species capable of degrading pesticide residues in soybeans and the strategy of combining bacterial strains in the future should be pursued, with the aim of enhancing soybean yield and quality, reducing the harm of pesticide residues to human health, and providing a reference for ecological protection.

The development of dye industry makes the treatment of dye waste liquid a challenge for environmental protection. Due to the high specific surface area and rich surface functional groups, biochar has excellent performance in adsorption of waste liquid dye substances, which makes it an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly adsorption material. This paper reviewed the adsorption mechanism and influencing factors of biochar in the dye adsorption process. It was pointed out that: (1) the adsorption mechanism of biochar on dye waste liquid including hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction, electrostatic interaction, coordination and ion exchange, jointly determined the interaction and adsorption efficiency of biochar and dye molecules. (2)The factors affecting the adsorption capacity of biochar included the raw materials, modification methods and preparation processes of biochar. (3)The properties of waste liquid, such as solution pH and ion concentration, also affected the adsorption capacity of biochar for dyes. Finally, the problems in the current biochar adsorption research, such as the single research object, the process and cost, and the impact on environment, had yet to be solved. This paper provides a reference for subsequent research to promote the practical application of biochar in the treatment of dye waste liquid.

The genus Polygonatum Mill, commonly referred to as "Huang Jing," are plants renowned for their medicinal and edible properties. Their active constituents, including polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins, exhibit notable pharmacological effects. Recent studies have predominantly centered on the extraction of saponin components from the genus Polygonatum, which are attributed with anti-fatigue, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, and immune-enhancing properties. While there has been some advancement in the structural analysis of the genus Polygonatum saponins, their biosynthetic pathways remain underexplored. The synthesis of saponins in the genus Polygonatum occurs via the mevalonic acid pathway and the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway, encompassing multiple enzymatic steps. This research indicates that the genus Polygonatum saponins exert diverse biological effects, including anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immune regulatory activities, and hold significant potential in medicine, food, cosmetics, and other sectors. Nonetheless, current studies are limited by inadequate structural analysis, an incomplete understanding of biosynthetic pathways, and ambiguous mechanisms of pharmacological action. Future endeavors should prioritize the isolation, structural analysis, synthetic biology, and pharmacology of the genus Polygonatum saponins to advance their scientific investigation and product development, thereby laying a foundation for the creation of novel therapeutic agents.

To understand the research progress of colored rice and its related genes, the functions of colored rice were summarized, and the effects of Ra, Rc, Rd, OsC1 and OsB2 genes on the traits of colored rice were analyzed. These genes determine the red, black, and purple colors of rice grains by influencing the accumulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. In this paper, we point out the limitations of related rice color genes in rice breeding. And the current research is not systematic enough to make full use of the diversity of these genes and prove the role of these genes in other rice traits. It is believed that genome-wide association analysis and population genetics method can be used to systematically analyze the variation and expression patterns of these genes in different rice varieties, and provide data support for rice genetic improvement. We can also use genetic methods and modern biotechnology methods to explore the functions of these genes in other traits of rice, to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of multiple traits of rice.

To obtain the 14-3-3 protein of Trichinella spiralis (T1) and to identify and evaluate its biological characteristics, the biological information of 14-3-3(Ts14-3-3) protein of Trichinella spiralis was analyzed and predicted using relevant websites and software. Ts14-3-3 was recombined with pET-28a using gene cloning and prokaryotic expression techniques, and the recombinant Ts14-3-3(rTs14-3-3) protein was obtained. After the antigenicity was identified by Western blot, the rTs14-3-3 protein immune serum was prepared. qPCR and indirect immunofluorescence were used to identify its expression in different insect stages and its localization in muscle larvae. The effect of rTs14-3-3 protein on larvae in the muscle of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis was evaluated by animal experiments. Soluble rTs14-3-3 protein was successfully prepared, with a size of about 33 kDa, and it could specifically recognize the positive serum of porcine Trichinella spiralis. The titer of the prepared immune serum was as high as 1:52000. The protein was highly expressed in the muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis, and the gene was transcribed in the larvae, adults, and muscle larvae during the intestinal infection stage of Trichinella spiralis. The pest reduction rate of mouse muscle larvae was 55.2%. rTs14-3-3 protein has good reactivity and immunogenicity, can reduce the number of muscle larvae in mouse tissues infected by Trichinella spiralis, and has potential as a serological diagnosis and candidate vaccine molecular antigen.

The aim was to explore the growth and development characteristics of ‘Si te’ late indica rice and provide theoretical support for its promotion and application. Many years field tests were conducted, with the typical ‘Si te’ late indica rice variety ‘Xiyou 447’ and the main rice variety ‘Jinyou 207’ in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River as experimental materials. Yield and growth characteristics were measured and breeding progress of ‘Si te’ late indica rice was summarized. Whole growth period of ‘Xiyou 447’ was 3-5 days shorter than that of ‘Jinyou 207’, and yield was increased by 7.5%-19.4%. Yield advantage of ‘Xiyou 447’ was mainly due to its synergistic improvement of dry matter accumulation and harvest index, as well as the higher total grain number per spike. The initial and terminal time of fast accumulation period of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of ‘Xiyou 447’ were later than ‘Jinyou 207’, and mean accumulation speed was higher than ‘Jinyou 207’. Methane emission flux of ‘Xiyou 447’ was higher than ‘Jinyou 207’ at vegetative growth stage, but lower than ‘Jinyou 207’at heading and filling stage. In addition, ‘Xiyou 447’ had higher lodging resistance, which was mainly due to its lower plant height, shorter basal internode and higher stem wall thickness. ‘Si te’ late indica rice has short growth period, high yield, low methane emission and strong lodging resistance, so it has a good prospect for promotion and application.

‘YY021’ is a hybrid tobacco variety selected for dryland tobacco growing areas. In order to identify the drought tolerance of ‘YY021’, ‘Zhongyan 100’ was used as the control variety, and the drought-rehydration experiment of floating seedling was arranged to investigate wilting index and water content, observe the changes of active oxygen, and measure the content of malonaldehyde, proline and the expression of drought-related gene by qRT-PCR. The results showed that with the prolongation of drought time, the leaf water content of ‘Zhongyan 100’ and ‘YY021’ decreased and the wilting index increased. The content of malonaldehyde increased with the extension of drought time. The expression of osmotin gene decreased first and then increased from 0-7 d of drought. After 7 days of drought, compared with ‘Zhongyan 100’, the leaf moisture content of‘YY021’ increased by 4.31%, the wilting index of ‘YY021’ decreased by 3.97%, and the contents of malondialdehyde decreased by 9.21%, and the contents of proline increased by 84.71%. Compared with ‘Zhongyan 100’, ‘YY021’ had lower levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and the higher osmotin gene expression. The ERD gene responded more rapidly. The drought tolerance of ‘YY021’ was better than that of ‘Zhongyan 100’. Under drought stress, the damage of reactive oxygen species to membrane of ‘YY021’ was reduced by accumulating osmotic adjustment substance proline. ERD and osmotin genes may be candidate genes for drought tolerance of ‘YY021’.

This study aims to sort out the impact of foliar fertilization on crop productivity. Through extensive research on a large number of domestic and foreign literatures, it reviews the development of foliar fertilizers, summarizes the types and characteristics of different foliar fertilizers, and concludes the roles of different types of foliar fertilizers in promoting plant growth and alleviating plant stress. Moreover, it takes the stomata and cuticle on the leaf surface as the entry point to summarize the mechanism of action of foliar fertilizers. Research has found that when reactive oxygen species accumulate in large quantities within plants, it will reduce photosynthetic efficiency and affect crop growth. Foliar fertilization can enhance the antioxidant activity of crops, regulate photosynthetic activity, energy metabolism and nutrient assimilation and other physiological processes to promote crop growth. Finally, the problems existing in the practical application of foliar fertilizers and the prospects for further exploring the mechanism by which foliar fertilizers regulate plant growth and development are discussed and prospected.

Sugarcane pokkah boeng disease is a fungal disease caused by multiple species of Fusarium. In order to clarify the pathogen species of sugarcane pokkah boeng disease in Yunnan, thirty-three samples of sugarcane pokkah boeng disease were collected from Kaiyuan and Menglian in Yunnan, and strains FS1 and FS2 were isolated and purified, and their DNA was extracted; the primers of transcription elongation factor (EF-1α), tubulin gene (TUB2), polymerase gene (RPB2) were used for PCR amplification of the isolated strains. The result was that a clear and bright band consistent with the target band was obtained, and the products were sequenced and analyzed by BLAST on the NCBI website, the EF-1α, TUB2 and RPB2 sequences of strains FS1 and FS2 were compared with EF-1α (accession number: MK609907.1), TUB2 (accession number: MT011039.1) and RPB2 (accession number: MW238849.1) of Fusarium sacchari with 100% similarity and coverage. Phylogenetic trees of strains FS1 and FS2 were constructed by maximum likelihood method with MEGA6.0 software, and the results showed that FS1 and FS2 clustered on the same branch with F. sacchari. Therefore, based on the morphological characteristics of strains FS1 and FS2 and the results of molecular biological identification, the pathogen of sugarcane pokkah boeng disease was identified as F. sacchari. F. sacchari spores were inoculated with ‘Yunzhe 08-1609’, and the symptoms of leaf regression and leaf yellowing appeared on the 7^th day of inoculation, the infected leaves were isolated and sequenced again. The sequence similarity and coverage between EF-1α of the isolated strain and EF-1α of F. sacchari (accession number: MK609907.1) were 100%. F. sacchari was shown to be the causal agent of sugarcane pokkah boeng disease in Kaiyuan and Menglian.

To investigate the changing characteristics of soil nutrients in tomato protected cultivation, enhance the fertilization management for protected vegetables, and promote the sustainable development of protected agriculture, the plow layer in the cultivated areas of tomato protected cultivation was selected as the research object. Soil physical and chemical properties were measured by conventional detection methods to analyze nutrient changes. The results showed that in the study areas of tomato protected cultivation, the pH of the soil and the content of water-soluble salts increased. The content of organic matter was above the medium level, and the contents of available nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were abundant. The soil was in a state of secondary salinization and excessive nutrient enrichment. In addition, the contents of trace elements were uneven across the soil. In the subsequent planting process, it was recommended to increase the application of organic fertilizers to raise the content of soil organic matter, improve the soil structure, and promote microbial activities. Meanwhile, attention should be given to the combined application of fertilizers containing secondary and micronutrients along with those containing macronutrients to balance the nutrients supply of soil, and increase overall productivity.

The purpose of this study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the overall trajectory and development trends in the research of endophytic fungi in China, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for establishing future research directions and predicting development trends in this field. A CiteSpace bibliometric analysis was carried out in this study, which took master's and doctoral dissertations as the entry point, and used "endophytic fungi" as the keyword for thematic searching, conducted bibliometric and visual analysis of the annual publication volume, research institutions, keywords, research hotspots, and timelines of relevant dissertations. The results showed that the overall number of dissertations published was on an upward trend, the top three research institutions for the number of publications were the Northwest A&F University, Lanzhou University, and Yunnan University, accounted for 14.34% of the total. The research dissertations in the field can be mainly divided into three stages: initial exploration, rising development, and rapid growth. The excavation of bioactive substances from metabolites and diversity analysis of endophytic fungi has been the hotspots. Our researchers can focus on further elucidating the interaction mechanism between endophytic fungi and host plants, and exploring their potential value in agricultural production, environmental restoration, and ecological protection in the future.

In order to clarify the effects of rearing with different volume-density combinations on the developmental duration, survival rate, and weight of pupae and adults of the ten-spotted ladybird beetles, under conditions of 25℃, relative humidity of 60% to 80%, and a light cycle of 10 L:14 D, three containers (A: 1000 mL; B: 1500 mL; C: 2000 mL) and 3 densities (15 heads; 20 heads; 25 heads), feeding, recording and analyzing the development period, survival rate, pupal and adult weight of each insect of M. dilatata. The results showed that the survival curve of M. dilatata showed an "S" downward trend with the growth of instar, and the development duration of each treatment was C₃>C₁>A₁=C₂>A₃>A₂=B₂>B₁>B₃, and the average development time of group B was the shortest. The survival rate of the 1st and 2nd instar larval stage and pupal stage of each treatment was lower, and the pupation rate and adult rate of B₂ treatment were 76.67% and 73.33%, which were higher than those of the other treatments. The weight of each treatment at pupal stage from high to low was A₁>C₂>C₃>B₁>A₃>C₁>B₃>A₂>B₂, and the weight of adults from high to low was B₁>B₃>B₂>C₂>C₃>C₁>A₂>A₃>A₁. In summary, the best feeding container for M. dilatata should be B₂ treatment, that is, 1500 mL feeding density of 20 heads/box is the best. This study provides a theoretical basis for the efficient breeding of larvae of M. dilatata.

To study the application effect of bio-organic fertilizer in millet planting, and obtain the best bio-organic fertilizer application rate for planting millet in Hebei area, the field experiment of ‘Jigu 35’ was carried out from June 2023 to September 2023, and six treatments were set as followed: no fertilization (DCK₁), pure chemical fertilizer (DCK₂), 2250 kg/hm² bio-organic fertilizer (D₁), 4500 kg/hm² bio-organic fertilizer (D₂), 6750 kg/hm² bio-organic fertilizer (D₃), 9000 kg/hm² bio-organic fertilizer (D₄). The effects of different application rates of bio-organic fertilizer on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, SPAD value, aboveground biomass and underground biomass of millet were analyzed. The results showed that the application of bio-organic fertilizer had a significant positive effect on the growth traits of millet, and the effects of different application amounts on the growth of millet were different. Among them, D₃ and D₄ treatments had better effects. However, from the perspective of saving resources, it was recommended to choose D₃ treatment as the optimal application amount of bio-organic fertilizer for planting millet, which was 6750 kg/hm² of bio-organic fertilizer, so as to achieve the purpose of replacing chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer, while reducing the negative impact on the environment, and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. It also laid a solid foundation for further optimizing millet planting technology and improving the yield and quality of millet.

To investigate the effects of castor bean microbial enzyme biological fertilizer on the growth, fruit yield, and quality of tomato plants, a pot experiment was conducted using cherry tomato varieties as experimental materials. A total of five treatments including no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer (HF, 4 g/plant) and three different application gradients [20 g/plant(BF₁), 40 g/plant(BF₂), 80 g/plant(BF₃)] of castor bean microbial enzyme biological fertilizer were set up. The results showed that compared with CK, the plant height of tomato plants treated with BF₃ during the fruiting and harvesting periods increased by 16.82%-20.23%. During the fruiting period, the stem diameter of BF₂ treatment increased by 34.04%, and during the harvesting period, the stem diameter of BF₁ treatment increased by 41.30%. Fruit weight and number of fruits per plant of BF₁ treatment were the best during the harvesting period, and the average yield per plant increased by 496.98%. The content of vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and soluble solids in tomatoes treated with BF₃ increased by 28.57%, 63.49%, 77.43% and 16.43%, respectively. The dry matter mass of roots, stems and leaves showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of application rate of castor bean microbial enzyme biological fertilizer. 20 g/plant of castor bean microbial enzyme biological fertilizer has a significant promoting effect on the growth and yield of tomato plants, while 80 g/plant of castor bean microbial enzyme biological fertilizer has the best effect on the fruit quality of tomato plants.

Analysis of the response pattern of sigma factor coding gene OsSIG5 in rice (Oryza sativa) to stress and hormones could provide references for further exploring the functions of OsSIG5 and its homologous genes. Firstly, the bioinformatics of OsSIG5 was performed, and the expression patterns of OsSIG5 in rice under normal and stress conditions were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the coding region of OsSIG5 was 1503 bp in length, containing 6 exons and encoding 500 amino acids. The OsSIG5 protein had three conserved domains of the σ⁷⁰ family, and phylogenetic analyses showed that the SIG5 homologous protein of monocotyledonous plants was closely related to OsSIG5. The promoter region of OsSIG5 contained 16 plant hormone response cis-elements and 20 environmental stress response cis-elements. OsSIG5 was mainly expressed in rice leaves. The expression of OsSIG5 in leaves was significantly increased under 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) treatment, but significantly decreased under gibberellic acid (GA₃), indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. In addition, the expression level of OsSIG5 in leaves was significantly decreased after high temperature, low temperature, drought and salt stress treatment. This study showed that OsSIG5 could respond to various hormone signals and abiotic stress signals.