Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
To address the problem of low yield per unit area in spring sown maize caused by messy and miscellaneous maize varieties with poor adaptability in southern Xinjiang, and to screen suitable local high-yield and stress-resistant varieties, 20 common maize varieties were used as test materials to carry out the orthogonal experiment in Wensu County of Aksu. The emergence rate, agronomic traits, ear traits and yield components were measured, and the excellent varieties were screened by difference significance analysis. The results showed that the average emergence rate of the 20 tested corn varieties was 86.6%, among which four varieties, namely ‘Dongdan 1902’, ‘Nongkeda 18’, ‘Dongdan 509’ and ‘Denghai 550’, had the highest emergence rate, exceeding 92%. Most of the ear height coefficients were between 0.4 and 0.5, and no lodging occurred in all tested varieties. ‘Tianyu 912’ and ‘Heyu 157’ performed prominently in terms of ear traits, with ear lengths of 18.9 and 18.4 cm, ear diameters of 46.8 and 49.3 mm respectively, as well as shorter barren tips and the lowest barren tip rate. ‘Heyu 157’ and ‘MC877’ had the lowest number of barren stalks. Four varieties, including ‘Dedan 1403’, ‘Heyu 157’, ‘Tianyu 1885’ and ‘MC877’, had the highest grain number per ear; however, ‘Dedan 1403’ had a relatively low 1000-grain weight, thus its yield advantage was not significant. In contrast, ‘Heyu 157’, ‘Tianyu 1885’, ‘MC877’ and ‘Tianyu 912’ had higher 1000-grain weight and more effective plants in the population, leading to outstanding final yield performance. The analysis results indicate that four varieties, including ‘Heyu 157’, ‘MC877’, ‘Tianyu 912’ and ‘Tianyu 1885’, have shown relatively excellent overall performance and are more likely to achieve high yields in the region.
To address the constraints of drought stress on potato production and the scarcity of high-quality drought-tolerant varieties in the arid and semi-arid regions of Longzhong, this study aimed to screen drought-tolerant and high-yielding potato varieties suitable for cultivation in the cool and cold areas of Longzhong. Using 12 potato varieties (or lines) as materials, including ‘L14140-5’, ‘Ganyin 9’, and ‘Ly1742-2’, a split-plot experimental design was implemented. The main plots consisted of two water treatments: drought stress (non-irrigation) and normal irrigation, while the subplots comprised the varieties. Agronomic traits such as plant height, leaf area index (LAI), SPAD values, and yield were measured. A comprehensive evaluation of drought tolerance was conducted using the drought resistance coefficient, principal component analysis, membership function method, and cluster analysis. The results revealed that: (1) drought stress significantly inhibited potato growth and yield. Under irrigation treatment, increases of 0.77%-67.74% in plant height, 2.94%-32.25% in LAI, 0.82%-83.01% in SPAD values, 4.73%-21.07% in dry matter accumulation per plant, and 1.53%-75.89% in yield were observed compared to drought stress conditions. (2) Significant differences in drought tolerance were observed among varieties. ‘Longshu 10’ exhibited the best performance, with only a 1.53% yield reduction under drought stress, a drought resistance coefficient of 0.98, and a drought resistance index of 1.402. (3) Cluster analysis categorized the varieties into three groups: four highly drought-tolerant varieties (‘Longshu 10’, ‘L14140-5’, ‘Ly1742-2’, ‘Ly1725-1’), six moderately drought-tolerant varieties, and two weakly drought-tolerant varieties (‘Fuda 1’, ‘Wotu 5’). In conclusion, ‘Longshu 10’ and ‘L14140-5’ demonstrated excellent comprehensive traits, strong drought tolerance, and stable yields, making them suitable for promotion and cultivation in the semi-arid regions of Longzhong. Future research should involve multi-year and multi-location trials, combined with physiological, biochemical indicators, and molecular markers, to further elucidate the drought tolerance mechanisms and provide more comprehensive support for drought-resistant breeding.
In order to investigate regulatory effects of cotton chemical capping agents in the Liaohe River Basin, a comparative experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2020 at the Liaoning Institute of Industrial Crops (Liaoyang, Liaoning). The study used chemical capping agent from China Agricultural University, composed of 25% Mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) and auxiliary naphthenate, with two application timings (July 13th and July 18th) and three concentration levels (750, 1125 and 1500 mL/hm2). A total of six treatments were set up, using no-topping as control (CK). Hormone contents including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA3), and zeatin (ZR) were continuously measured in the main stem apex (0-5 cm) and sub-apex (5-10 cm). Plant growth parameters, including plant height (PH), number of fruit branches (NFB), average length of upper fruit branches (LFB), and average length of upper internodes (LUI) on the main stem, were also systematically observed and recorded. The variations in IAA and ABA contents were directly proportional to the concentration of the chemical agent, whereas changes in ZR content exhibited an inverse relationship. The fluctuation in GA3 content was most pronounced at medium concentration. The variations in IAA, ABA and ZR contents of different dosages were more evident when treatment was applied on July 13th, while no obvious differences were observed in GA3 content between the two application timings. IAA content showed marked variation at the main stem apex, whereas ZR content varied more noticeably at the sub-apex; in contrast, ABA and GA3 levels exhibited only slight differences between the two sampling sites. Chemical capping effectively inhibited plant growth. The inhibitory effects on NFB and LFB intensified with treatment concentration increasing. For the July 13th application, the degree of inhibition on PH was positively correlated with treatment concentration, whereas for the July 18th application, the suppression of both PH and LUI was more pronounced at medium treatment concentration. Following treatment with a chemical capping agent, the levels of IAA and GA3 at the apical region of the main stem decreased significantly, whereas ABA content increased markedly, and ZR content remained relatively unchanged. Furthermore, the reductions in IAA and ABA levels were directly proportional to the concentration of the capping agent, with earlier application resulting in more pronounced effects. Notably, IAA content at the apex of the main stem and ZR content in the subapical exhibited significant changes. Plant development was inhibited after capping treatment, and this growth suppression was consistent with the observed hormonal fluctuations. In the future, combined with the yield and fiber quality indicators, the application parameters of chemical capping agent can be optimized, and a simplified cultivation technology system suitable for the cotton area of Liaohe River Basin can be established.
To determine the optimal sowing time for winter rapeseed and evaluate the regulatory effects of wood vinegar on alleviating salt stress in saline-alkali soils of the Yellow River Delta, a field plot experiment was conducted using two winter rapeseed cultivars, ‘Hengyou 8’ and ‘Ganyou 202’. Three sowing dates (September 20, September 30, and October 10) and two wood vinegar application methods(foliar spraying and root irrigation during the budding and early flowering stages) were set to systematically assess their effects on plant development and yield components. The results showed that sowing date significantly influenced emergence rate, overwintering survival, and yield traits. The seedling emergence rate and overwintering rate on September 20 were 24.4% - 24.9% and 19.9% -25.0% higher than those on October 10, respectively. The number of effective siliques per plant was significantly increased, and the yield per plant was increased by 34.15%-48.01%. Under saline conditions, wood vinegar treatment significantly enhanced plant height, stem diameter, and yield performance. Foliar application notably increased the thousand-seed weight (6.15%), single-plant yield (13.77%), and field yield (16.75%) of ‘Hengyou 8’, while ‘Ganyou 202’ exhibited increases in silique number (9.15%), single-plant yield (15.69%), and field yield (8.62%). Root irrigation showed a more pronounced effect on increasing main stem silique number and yield for both cultivars, with field yields rising by 21.63% and 10.06%, respectively. Overall, early sowing combined with wood vinegar treatment effectively alleviated salt stress, optimized agronomic traits, and significantly enhanced yield. In the future, the concentration and period of wood vinegar application can be optimized, combined with physiological mechanism research, to provide more accurate technical support for green and efficient production of rape in saline-alkali land.
In order to optimize the cultivation techniques of ‘Yunyan 116’ in Shuangjiang tobacco area of Yunnan Province, the problems of difficult yellowing in maturity, heavy green and mixed gas, and uncoordinated chemical composition were studied. Using ‘Yunyan 116’ as the test material, nine treatments were set up according to L9(34), with nitrogen application rates of 99, 111 and 123 kg/hm2; planting densities of 1200 mm×500 mm, 1100 mm×500 mm and 1000 mm×500 mm; topping periods of present bud topping, early flowering topping and full flowering topping; and the number of leaves retained were 18, 20 and 22, respectively. The results showed that plant height, stem circumference and pitch increased with the increase of nitrogen application; plant height decreased with the increase of planting density; maximum leaf length and width increased with the advance of topping period; and maximum leaf length increased with the decrease of the number of leaves retained. In terms of agronomic traits and comprehensive quality of flue-cured tobacco, nitrogen application had a greater effect on plant height, pitch, maximum leaf length, manganese, total nitrogen, starch, protein, and comprehensive score of sensory quality; planting density had a greater effect on boron, silica, total sugar, reducing sugar, total phytochemical alkaloid, potassium oxide, chlorine, and aroma-causing constituents such as ciprofloxacin-like, meladic reaction products, phenylalanine, and chlorophyll; and topping period had a greater effect on stem circumference and maximum leaf width; and the maximum leaf width increased with the advancement of topping period; and the maximum leaf length increased with the decrease of the number of retained leaves. The topping period significantly influences stem circumference and maximum leaf width, and has a more pronounced effect on zinc, iron, and carotenoid degradation products within the aroma components of tobacco leaves. Meanwhile, the number of leaves retained after topping exerts a greater influence on the calcium, magnesium, and copper elements in tobacco leaves. On the whole, nitrogen application rates of 111 kg/hm2 can be used in conjunction with bud topping and 20 retained leaves, which can promote leaf maturity through the regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. In the future work of flue-cured tobacco production in Shuangjiang County, when pursuing the aroma style, high nitrogen (123 kg/hm2), sparse planting (1200 mm×500 mm), early bud topping, and leaving 20 leaves can be adopted, and when pursuing the sensory coordination of tobacco, medium nitrogen (111 kg/hm2), dense planting (1000 mm×500 mm), and 18 retained leaves can be adopted.
The paper aims to clarify the appropriate leaf pruning times for cultivating strong flue-cured tobacco seedlings. In this study, different pruning frequencies were set based on different leaf ages. The control (J0) was set as no leaf pruning, leaves were pruned once at 4-leaf stage, 5-leaf stage, and 6-leaf stage (named J41, J51, J61), and then pruned twice from 4-leaf stage and 5-leaf stage (named J42, J52), and then pruned three times from 4-leaf stage (J43). The results showed that the stem height and stem diameter of tobacco seedlings was decreased significantly with the increase of leaf pruning frequency in two-year experimental data. Compared to J0, the reduction range in stem height of J41 to J61 treatment was from 14.51% to 62.18%, and that in stem diameter was from 10.49% to 21.68%. Leaf pruning improved the ratio of stem diameter to stem height and the uniformity of tobacco seedlings. Leaf pruning reduced the maximum leaf length, leaf width and leaf area of single plant tobacco seedlings, while the leaf thickness was increased. The chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation of tobacco seedlings were reduced by leaf pruning. The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of tobacco seedlings were reduced significantly by leaf pruning twice or more than those of J0 treatment, and the dry matter accumulation aboveground and the total dry matter accumulation were significantly reduced. The root development of tobacco seedlings was promoted by leaf pruning. The total root length and root tip number of J42 and J43 treatments were significantly higher than those of J0 treatment, and the total root surface area of J41 and J51 treatments was significantly higher than that of J0 treatment in 2024. The total root length, root surface area and root tip number of J51 and J52 treatments were all significantly higher than those of J0 treatment in 2025. The strong seedling index of tobacco seedlings was decreased by the increase in the frequency of leaf pruning. The strong seedling index of J43 treatment was significantly lower than that of J51 treatment in 2024. The strong seedling index of J52 was significantly lower than that of J0 treatment in 2025. In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, no pruning leaves and pruning leaves once are beneficial to the improvement of photosynthetic parameters and dry matter accumulation of tobacco seedlings, promoting the increase of strong seedling index. Therefore, when cellar transplanting at the right time, it was recommended not to prune the tobacco seedlings. If transplanting cannot be done at the right time, it was suggested to prune the leaves to control the stem height of the tobacco seedlings, but the frequency of pruning should not exceed two times.
To evaluate the mechanized and coordinated application effect of special fertilizer for the tobacco root zone in the Fuxian Lake Basin, a field experiment was conducted with six treatments, including no fertilization, three formulations of local conventional compound fertilizer, root zone special fertilizer (9-9-32), and root zone special fertilizer (9-9-32) + citrate soluble potassium fertilizer. Three fertilization methods were tested: split broadcast application, conventional mechanical ridging fertilization, and integrated mechanical ridging combined with fertilization. The effects of integrated root zone fertilization on tobacco plant growth, development, and nutrient uptake were analyzed, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of the mechanized fertilization effect. The coefficient of variation for parameters such as single-hole fertilizer uniformity and fertilization spacing stability of the integrated machine was below 5%, meeting local requirements for mechanized fertilization. Compared with the local practice of split broadcast application of compound fertilizer + potassium sulfate (T2), the treatment with root zone special fertilizer + citrate soluble potassium fertilizer combined with mechanical root zone fertilization (T6) significantly promoted the growth, nutrient uptake, and accumulation of tobacco at different growth stages (P<0.05). The tobacco leaf yield and output value under T6 treatment were increased by 13.4% and 13.7%, respectively. Potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents in central leaves under T6 treatment increased by 15.3%, 15.8%, and 13.5%, respectively, while calcium and magnesium uptake increased by 79.9% and 97.6%. Principal component analysis of key parameters indicated that T6 had the best overall performance. In conclusion, combining root zone special fertilizer with integrated ridging and fertilization machinery significantly enhances tobacco yield and leaf potassium content, achieving both yield increase and quality improvement in tobacco.
To clarify the carbon storage and carbon density of forest vegetation in Zoucheng, and to provide a scientific basis for its forest carbon storage, this study estimates the biomass of arboreal forests and sparse forests within the jurisdiction of Zoucheng using both the biomass-volume conversion model estimation method and the average biomass method, based on the 2023 integrated forest and grassland ecological monitoring data. It further analyzes the distribution characteristics of carbon storage across different tree species, forest types, and age groups. The results are as follows. The forest carbon storage in Zoucheng is 7.85×105 t, and the average carbon density is 27.62 t/hm2. The forest carbon stock is predominantly concentrated in arboreal forests, accounting for 87.26% of the total forest carbon storage. The carbon storage capacity of forest stands across different age groups follows the order: young forests> middle-aged forests> near-mature forests> mature forests> over-mature forests. Young and medium-aged stands constitute 88.59% of the total carbon stock in forest stands. The carbon storage of different forest categories in arboreal forests follows the order: timber forest> protection forest> economic forest> special-use forest. Timber forests have the highest carbon stock, accounting for 58.16%. Carbon density is ranked as: protection forest> timber forest> special-use forest> economic forest. Forest carbon storage is closely related to forest types, and it mainly concentrates in arboreal forests. The percentage of carbon storage in arbor forests in Zoucheng is similar to that in Guangxi, but lower than that in Yunnan and Hubei. The carbon storage of arbor forests is primarily concentrated in young forests and middle-aged forests. With the growth of young forests and middle-aged forests, the forest carbon of Zoucheng will be increased.
The aims of the study are to explore the soil nutrient characteristics and fertility status under different forest types, clarify effective measures for improving soil physical and chemical properties and optimizing nutrient cycling processes, expound the influence mechanism of forest structure and tree species composition on soil fertility formation and evolution, and provide scientific references for resource utilization planning in the sustainable development of the forestry industry in Heilongjiang Province. Three different forest types, including Larix gmelinii pure forest, Larix gmelinii- Juglans mandshurica mixed forest, and Juglans mandshurica pure forest, were selected as the research objects. Soils in the 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers were sampled and measured. The physical and chemical properties of the soil were quantitatively analyzed, and single-factor analysis of variance and comprehensive soil fertility evaluation methods were used for analysis. The results showed that: (1) with the increase of soil depth, soil bulk density increased, while natural water content, saturated water content, and capillary water content showed decreasing trends, but the degree of change varied under different forest types; (2) forest types had significant effects on some soil chemical properties. The physical and chemical index values of Larix gmelinii pure forest were lower than those of Juglans mandshurica pure forest and Larix gmelinii- Juglans mandshurica mixed forest; (3) principal component analysis was used to evaluate the soil fertility of different forest types, and the results showed that the soil fertility order was: Larix gmelinii- Juglans mandshurica mixed forest> Juglans mandshurica pure forest> Larix gmelinii pure forest. It was recommended to consider near-natural forest cultivation in the management of existing forest stands, timely carry out understory replanting and renewal, create coniferous-broadleaved mixed forests, construct multi-layered and uneven-aged mixed forest structures, and improve soil quality through litter return and microorganism-driven nutrient transformation processes to enhance the fertility of coniferous forest land in this area.
In order to improve the water resource utilization efficiency of orchards in southern Xinjiang, the effects of different drip irrigation rates on the growth, yield and quality of mature walnuts were studied. From 2022 to 2023, taking 15-year-old walnut tree, ‘Xinxin 2’, as the object, five treatments, 7350 m3/hm2 (W0), 7350 m3/hm2 (W1), 7800 m3/hm2 (W2), 8700 m3/hm2 (W3) and 12000 m3/hm2 (CK) were set up in this research to study the effects of different irrigation amounts on soil moisture content, growth, yield and quality of walnut. The experimental results showed: (1)With the increase of drip irrigation, the soil moisture content increased rapidly, and when drip irrigation was 1500 m3/hm2, the shallow soil water above 0-180 cm was mainly supplemented. From the first irrigation to the next irrigation, the moisture content of shallow soil from 0 to 100 cm fluctuated greatly due to surface evaporation and transpiration, while the moisture content below 100 cm fluctuated little. (2) The increase of drip irrigation had significant effects on shoot growth and the longitudinal diameter of fruit. The growth of new shoots, fruit longitudinal diameter and net photosynthetic rate of W0 treatment were significantly lower than those of other treatments. New shoot growth and photosynthetic rate of W1, W2 and W3 treatments were significantly lower than CK treatments, but there was no significant difference in fruit longitudinal diameter between them and CK treatments. (3) Compared to CK treatment, the yield under W0 treatment was reduced by 13.37% and 13.4% respectively in 2 years. There was no significant difference in yield between W1, W2 and W3 treatments and CK treatments. The walnut shell in W1 treatment was significantly thicker than that of other treatments, and the kernel yield was lower than that of other treatments. Combined with the growth physiology and yield quality characteristics of walnut, the recommended irrigation rate of walnut was W2 treatment.
Bryophytes have great application potential in urban greening due to their unique water absorption capacity, stress resistance and low maintenance requirements. To explore the species and cultivation conditions of bryophytes suitable for urban greening in North China, the mosses Brachythecium buchananii, Leptobryum pyriforme and liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, which are widely distributed in North China, were selected as experimental materials. The effects of cultivation conditions such as transplanting methods, substrate thickness and covered culture conditions on their coverage were studied. Compared to patch transplantation, the growth rate and magnitude of the coverage of the three bryophytes propagated by fragments were significantly higher. After the same period of cultivation, the coverage of the bryophytes in the substrate with a thickness of 3.0 cm was significantly higher than that in the substrate with a thickness of 1.5 cm. Moreover, only the B. buchananii survived in the substrate with a thickness of 1.5 cm, while the other two bryophytes died after 72 days of culturing. All three bryophytes showed a significantly higher increase in coverage under closed culture than that under open culture. Using deionized water for substrate preparation and irrigation resulted in significantly better growth status of the three bryophytes than using standing tap water. Therefore, for urban greening, it is recommended to use fragments for propagation, ensure appropriate substrate thickness, use deionized water for substrate preparation and irrigation, and implement closed culture to improve growth rate and coverage of bryophytes. For species selection, priority should be given to B. buchananii for greening in arid areas or environments with thin soil layers, while M. polymorpha is preferred in moisture-sufficient environments. In the future, it can be combined with matrix formula optimization and outdoor open field test to deepen the research of physiological mechanism of moss stress resistance and provide technical support for large-scale urban greening applications.
The study aims to explore the effect of combined application of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the yield and quality of mini Chinese cabbage, and to explore the appropriate dosage ratio, so as to provide scientific fertilization basis for the production of mini cabbage in Beijing. ‘Jingchunwa No.4’ mini cabbage was used as the experimental object. T1-T4 different amounts of microbial fertilizer [T1: compound microbial fertilizer (12-0-3) 300 kg/hm2+ compound fertilizer (18-9-18) 315 kg/hm2, T2: compound microbial fertilizer (12-0-3) 300 kg/hm2+ compound fertilizer (18-9-18) 157.5 kg/hm2, T3: compound microbial fertilizer (12-0-3) 150 kg/hm2+ compound fertilizer (18-9-18) 315 kg/hm2 and T4: compound microbial fertilizer (12-0-3) 150 kg/hm2+ compound fertilizer (18-9-18) 157.5 kg/hm2] combined with chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer and conventional fertilization [CK, bio-organic fertilizer 600 kg/hm2+ compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 375 kg/hm2], a total of 5 treatments were compared. The results showed that the appropriate combination of compound microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could increase the yield and soluble protein content of mini cabbage to a certain extent. Compared with conventional fertilization, the biological yield and economic yield of T1 treatment were significantly increased by 20.50% and 16.63%, respectively, and the soluble protein content was significantly increased by 45.59%. The nutrient accumulation of mini cabbage in the whole growth period was as followed: mature stage> heading stage> rosette stage> seedling stage. It needed 1.39 kg N, 0.85 kg P2O5 and 0.62 kg K2O to produce 1000 kg mini cabbage. Therefore, compound microbial fertilizer (12-0-3) 300 kg/hm2+ compound fertilizer (18-9-18) 315 kg/hm2 could be used as one of the recommended fertilization measures in the production of mini Chinese cabbage.
Plants of the genus Hedychium possess ecological, ornamental, and medicinal values. However, their preference for warm and humid conditions restricts their application in relatively arid environments. To address the above issues, screening of water-saving and drought-tolerant Hedychium germplasm is important. This study aimed to clarify the photosynthetic physiological adaptation mechanism of water-saving and drought-tolerant Hedychium germplasm, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the breeding of high-quality Hedychium varieties, optimization of drought-resistant cultivation modes, and configuration of landscape applications. 10 Hedychium varieties were used as materials, and 12 indicators including leaf area, photosynthetic pigment content, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using the membership function method of fuzzy mathematics to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for photosynthetic capacity. The results showed significant differences in photosynthetic physiological characteristics among different Hedychium varieties. ‘Milan’ had the largest leaf area (319.65 cm2); ‘Hongtian’e’ had the highest total chlorophyll content (3.11 mg/g); ‘Ya Cheng’ exhibited the highest net photosynthetic rate [4.02 μmol/(m2·s)] and transpiration rate [4.14 mmol/(m2·s)], and maintained stable and high levels of light energy conversion efficiency (0.76-0.80) and PSⅡ potential photochemical activity (Fv/Fo) (3.16-3.93) throughout the day; ‘Qiaoqiao’ had the highest water use efficiency (2.63 μmol/mmol). Correlation analysis revealed that the net photosynthetic rate was extremely significantly positively correlated with stomatal conductance (r=0.78**) and negatively correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration (r=-0.49), while there was no significant positive correlation between total chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate. Comprehensive evaluation using the membership function method showed that the photosynthetic capacity of the 10 varieties, from strongest to weakest, was in the order: ‘Ai Datou’> ‘Qiaoqiao’> ‘Kuoban’> ‘Yacheng’> ‘Milan’> Hedychium coronarium> ‘Zhuyue’> ‘Xiahong’> ‘Fenyun’> ‘Hongtian’e’. Photosynthetic efficiency was regulated by multiple factors synergistically; ‘Ai Datou’ and ‘Qiaoqiao’ exhibited the optimal photosynthetic capacity and comprehensive adaptability, and could be prioritized as Hedychium germplasm with outstanding water-saving and drought-tolerant potential for application in resource-saving landscape construction. ‘Yacheng’ is suitable for high-yield cultivation in water-sufficient areas, while ‘Fenyun’ and ‘Kuoban’ can be used in the configuration of high-light environments. The results of this study can provide theoretical support for the precise screening of Hedychium germplasm and their landscape application.
To address the insufficient comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits and leaf nutritional quality in mulberry (Morus spp.) germplasm and the lack of criteria for selecting superior accessions, 42 mulberry accessions conserved at the Mulberry Germplasm Repository of the Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Wanzhou, Chongqing) were evaluated. Eighteen qualitative phenotypic traits, nine quantitative phenotypic traits, and six leaf nutritional quality traits were measured, and genetic diversity analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and correlation analysis were conducted. The results showed that: (1) among phenotypic traits, qualitative traits such as leaf surface, leaf base, and winter bud color exhibited high diversity, while quantitative traits including leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape index, and mesophyll thickness showed significant variation, with coefficients of variation ranging from 7.68% to 37.61%; (2) leaf nutritional quality differed markedly among accessions, with the highest crude protein content reaching 256.91 mg/g and crude fiber content reaching 14.81%; (3) cluster analysis classified the 42 mulberry accessions into seven clusters, with clusters B, C, and E containing the largest numbers of accessions; (4) PCA extracted six principal components, of which the first five had eigenvalues greater than 1, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 81.96%, with leaf length, leaf size, crude protein, and crude fat identified as the main contributing traits; (5) significant correlations were observed among phenotypic traits, whereas correlations between phenotypic traits and leaf nutritional quality traits were relatively weak. Overall, the mulberry germplasm exhibits abundant variation in phenotypic traits and leaf nutritional quality, providing a scientific basis for germplasm evaluation, breeding, and utilization.
The co-contamination of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in soils is prevalent in Southern China. Cultivating non-edible economic crops in heavy metals contaminated soils serves as a critical strategy to ensure safe utilization and sustainable agricultural production. As an emerging economic crop, the mechanisms of accumulation, translocation, and stress response of industrial peppers (Capsicum annuum) to Cd and As in co-contaminated soils remain unclear. This study investigated the absorption, accumulation patterns, organ distribution, and growth responses of industrial peppers in Cd and As co-contaminated soil through pot experiments. The results demonstrated that combined Cd and As contamination significantly inhibited the growth of industrial peppers. Furthermore, the accumulation characteristics of Cd and As varied across different plant organs, and Cd content followed the order of root>leaf>stem, while As content followed root>stem > leaf. Both the bioconcentration factor and translocation factor showed Cd>As, indicating that the accumulation and translocation capacity of Cd in industrial peppers was significantly stronger than that of As. The bioavailability of Cd and As in soil was significantly influenced by pH and the total concentration of the respective elements, with bioavailable Cd also showing a significant correlation with organic matter. A partial least squares model revealed that the Cd and As content in industrial peppers was driven by their bioavailable forms in the soil, indirectly regulated by pH, organic matter, and total element concentrations. These factors ultimately directly affect nutrient uptake and plant growth.
This study reviewed the research on the drought resistance of Leymus secalinus and its application in ecological restoration, aiming to provide a scientific reference for the practical application and new variety breeding of L. secalinus. A combination of literature review and case analysis of ecological restoration practices was used in this study to elucidate the drought resistance mechanisms of L. secalinus from two aspects: physiological adaptive changes and morphological adjustments in tissue structure. It also comprehensively analyzed the unique advantages of L. secalinus in the field of ecological restoration by integrating its application techniques and patent achievements in vegetation recovery in sandy lands, slopes, degraded black soil meadows, and alpine grasslands. The results showed that L. secalinus had a high adaptability to ecological environments and could significantly increase vegetation cover under extreme conditions, thereby improving the ecological environment. Its rhizomes also played an important role in ecological restoration. However, the low seed-setting rate of L. secalinus currently severely restricts its large-scale application in ecological governance. Future efforts should focus on breeding L. secalinus to develop new varieties with high seed-setting rates, consistent traits, and stable yields. At the same time, new varieties with strong sexual reproduction capabilities should be cultivated to promote the large-scale application of L. secalinus in ecological restoration. This will provide a physical seed supply and technological support for desert control, saline-alkali land restoration, degraded ecosystem repair, and vegetation recovery in extreme environments.
To explore the impact mechanisms of direct straw returning and carbonization returning on soil carbon sequestration, nutrient availability and structural stability in paddy soils, this study conducted a long-term field experiment with four treatments, including control (CK), direct straw returning, low amount of straw carbonization, and high amount of straw carbonization. The impact mechanism of straw carbonization on the stability of soil organic carbon in paddy field was systematically analyzed. The results showed that both direct straw returning and carbonization returning could effectively increase soil pH, organic carbon, available phosphorus, available potassium, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon. The organic carbon of the three treatments increased by 1.9%-12.8%, and the treatment of high amount of straw carbonization was the most significant. The increase of microbial biomass carbon was between 18.0%-27.3%, and the treatment of direct straw returning showed the most significant. The proportions of low active organic carbon and inert organic carbon increased by 2.02%-7.46% after straw carbonization. In particular, compared with CK, the proportion of highly active organic carbon decreased by 5.8 percentage points, while the proportion of inert organic carbon increased by 4.3 percentage points. After three treatments, the content of >0.25 mm water-stable aggregates and >2 mm water-stable aggregates in soil respectively increased by 6.21%-9.25% and 14.53%-18.32%. In conclusion, straw carbonization returning could significantly improve soil acidification, increase the contents of soil organic carbon and available nutrient, increase the proportion of water-stable aggregates, and enhance soil carbon sequestration capacity. Among all treatments, the effect of high amount of straw carbonization returning was the best.
Regarding the insufficient utilization of vegetable waste biogas slurry and the unclear effects of vegetable residues biogas slurry irrigation on the yield, quality and soil quality of edible dock, using edible dock as the material, a pot planting experiment was conducted with four biogas slurry irrigation gradient treatments (T1: 8 L/m2, T2: 10 L/m2, T3: 12 L/m2, T4: 14 L/m2) and a control treatment (CK) of clean water. The yield, quality, soil physical and chemical properties, and enzyme activities of edible dock were measured. The results showed: (1) Appropriate biogas slurry application significantly increased the yield and quality of edible dock. Compared with CK, the fresh weight of edible dock in each treatment increased by 134% to 233%, and the contents of chlorophyll, vitamin C, total sugar, reducing sugar and protein increased by 13.7% to 30.8%, 28.27% to 148.9%, 14.18% to 36.28%, 44.70% to 97.42% and 34.86% to 44.53%, respectively. The yield and quality improvement effect of T3 treatment was the most significant. (2) Biogas slurry application improved soil physical and chemical properties. The contents of soil organic matter, available potassium and total nitrogen increased by 17.09%, 170.7% and 40%, respectively, and the pH increased by 15.56% to 21.3%. This effectively alleviated the problem of acidic soil. (3) Soil urease and β-glucosidase activities increased with the increase in biogas slurry application amount, and the peak activity of T3 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments. (4) Excessive biogas slurry (T4) led to a decrease in reducing sugar content and a decrease in nutrient utilization efficiency. The study showed that the optimal biogas slurry application amount for edible dock irrigation with vegetable residues biogas slurry was 12 L/m2, which could synergistically improve crop yield, quality and soil fertility. Future field experiments can be conducted to verify, detect the risk of heavy metal accumulation in biogas slurry and soil, optimize the application period and frequency, and provide technical support for the large-scale agricultural use of vegetable residues biogas slurry.
Against the backdrop of prominent soil management issues in traditional vineyards, organic mulching is a crucial measure for achieving sustainable soil management. This practice enhances soil fertility, improves soil structure, and regulates the microclimate within vineyards. However, there are relatively few studies on soil microorganisms and soil metabolism under organic mulching in vineyards at present. Research has found that organic mulching significantly enhances soil bacterial diversity and enriches key fungal functional groups such as lignin degradation by driving multi-stage decomposition processes. More importantly, organic coverage increases the accumulation of metabolites such as carbohydrates, organic acids, and lipids, activating core metabolic pathways and optimizing nutrient cycling efficiency The synergistic interaction network formed between microorganisms and metabolites further strengthens the functional stability of soil ecosystems in vineyards. This study provides a theoretical support for soil management and sustainable agriculture in vineyards, while also outlining future research directions in this field.
The increasing significance of urban green spaces has drawn attention to soil microbial diversity within park green spaces as a crucial indicator of ecosystem health. In this study, the lawn area of Fenghuangshan Talent Forest Park in Shenzhen City was taken as the research object, and the ecological impact of human trampling on soil microbial community was systematically evaluated for the first time. By integrating high-throughput sequencing technology, a systematic analysis was conducted on the alterations in soil microbial diversity, species composition, and community functions before and after trampling disturbance. This methodology effectively uncovers the negative impact mechanisms of trampling on soil microbes. The results showed that there were significant decreases in the species richness index of soil fungi (23%) and the Shannon species diversity index of bacteria (5%) after trampling. PcoA and NMDS analyses indicated that there were significant differences in the Beta diversity of soil microorganisms after trampling, suggesting that trampling substantially altered the soil microbial community structure of the lawn. In terms of microbial species composition, the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) sequence numbers for both fungi and bacteria decreased after trampling, with a notable increase in the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota. The FUNGuild fungal functional classification indicated that the relative abundance of plant pathogenic fungi significantly increased after trampling. This study quantified the negative effects of trampling on soil microbial communities in urban green space, and provided a scientific basis for sustainable management and soil remediation of park green space.
The purpose of this study is to solve the contradiction between the application intensity and utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizers in the agricultural development of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, and to help the green transformation of agriculture. By analyzing the current situation of chemical fertilizer application in Xishuangbanna tropical region (including Jinghong City, Mengla County and Menghai County), the problems of blind fertilization and weak supervision were revealed. The article proposed countermeasures such as promoting soil testing and formula-based fertilization, constructing a low-carbon ecological tropical region, establishing a standardized fertilizer application evaluation system, and strengthening technical training and promotion of fertilizer application. The study emphasized the construction of a three-in-one precise regulation system of “environmental carrying- crop demand- nutrient cycle”, which provides a reference for the region to achieve fertilizer reduction and efficiency, promote sustainable agricultural development and rural revitalization strategies, and provide reference for agricultural green transformation in other tropical regions.
Based on the agricultural statistical data of Ziyang City from 2015 to 2023, this study analyzed the variation characteristics of the total amount of chemical fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer applied per unit area, the variety of chemical fertilizer and the proportion of nutrient input in Ziyang City, so as to provide reference for the green and high-quality development of agriculture in Ziyang City. Based on the analysis of the current situation of fertilizer application and the actual situation of local agricultural production, this paper put forward some countermeasures and suggestions for fertilizer management with the core of optimizing nutrient structure. The results showed that: (1) From 2015 to 2023, the total amount of fertilizer application showed an overall downward trend and went through three stages, including a rapid decline period, a steady decline period, and a gradual stabilization period. In 2023, it dropped to 44000 t, a decrease of 28140 t compared with 2015, with a decrease of 32.13%. (2) The amount of fertilizer applied per unit area in Ziyang City in 2023 was 111.6 kg/hm2, a decrease of 6.15% compared with 118.9 kg/hm2 in 2015. This was not only lower than the national (292.6 kg/hm2) and Sichuan (315.7 kg/hm2) levels of fertilizer application per unit area, but also far lower than the fertilizer application intensity standard of 250 kg/hm2 proposed by the former Ministry of Ecology and Environment. (3) During the period of 2015 to 2023, the main fertilizer types applied in Ziyang City were nitrogen fertilizers (N) and compound fertilizer, which collectively accounted for over 80% every year. The proportion of phosphate fertilizers (P) ranged between 6% and 22%, and potash fertilizers (K) accounted for only 1% to 4%. Overall, the phosphate (P) and potash (K) fertilizers accounted for a relatively small proportion. (4) The N:P:K application ratio changed from 1:0.40:0.11 (2015) to 1:0.67:0.61 (2023). Notably, the ratio in 2021 (1:0.58:0.54) was the closest to the national average. Overall, the N:P:K application ratio remained imbalanced, especially the potassium fertilizers (K) consistently showing the lowest proportion. In summary, from 2015 to 2023, total fertilizer consumption and fertilizer application rate per unit area in Ziyang City showed overall declining trend, basically achieving the goal of “zero growth in fertilizer application”. However, structural imbalances in fertilizer product composition and nutrient input imbalances were persisted. Therefore, it was recommended that the optimization management of chemical fertilizer nutrients should follow the general principles of controlling nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus and increasing potassium. Scientifically implement measures such as organic fertilizer replacement for chemical fertilizers, water and fertilizer integration, and agricultural mechanization should be extended to ensure the green and high-quality development of agriculture in Ziyang City.
To investigate the control effects of different types of traps on Grapholitha molesta in the field, this study compared the control effects of four types of traps on G. molesta in cherry orchards. A field experiment was conducted in a cherry orchard in Baoding using sex pheromones as attractants. The results showed that the triangular trap had the best trapping efficacy, capturing 394 moths in two weeks with 10 traps. The boat-shaped trap ranked second, capturing 207 moths, while the two general bucket-shaped traps captured 90 moths (with yellow lids) and 56 moths (with green lids), respectively. Through an investigation of shoot-breaking rates, it was found that all four traps effectively mitigated the shoot-breaking phenomenon caused by G. molesta. The CK group (control group) experienced a 12.46% increase in shoot-breaking rate within one week, whereas the triangular trap showed the slowest increase at only 2.38%, followed by the bucket-shaped (green) trap at 2.99%, the boat-shaped trap at 4.01%, and the bucket-shaped (yellow) trap had the worst effect at 4.92%. Additionally, by comparing the trapping of other insects by the four traps, it was found that the triangular trap and the bucket-shaped (green) trap captured 100% harmful insects, and the bucket-shaped (yellow) trap and boat-shaped trap had a certain degree of false capture of beneficial insects. The research results indicate that the triangular trap has the best trapping efficacy against G. molesta and can be promoted for application in production.
In response to the lack of a systematic assessment system for the risk of foodborne pathogen transmission in large scale broiler farm, in order to accurately identify key risk factors, a risk index system for foodborne pathogen transmission in large scale broiler farm was constructed, including 4 levels I, 13 levels II, and 78 levels III, based on literature research and field investigations of 100 large scale broiler farm in 11 provinces across the country. The Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to determine the weights of the indicators and the order. The results indicate that: (1) The indicator system has passed the consistency test and is scientifically reliable. (2) Ranking of the proportion of core risk factors: disease prevention and control>biosafety> site facilities> management. (3) The primary risk factor is the detection of exogenous microorganisms (live vaccines, feed, and water) in disease prevention and control, with weights of 4.205%, 4.126%, and 3.999%, respectively. The second is the harmless treatment of dead chickens (2.847%) and disinfection facilities and equipment in the field (2.828%). This survey fills the research gap in the risk factors of foodborne pathogen transmission in large-scale broiler farms, clarifies the core risk points of foodborne pathogen transmission in large scale broiler farm, and constructs a scientific risk assessment system. In the future, the effectiveness of indicators can be verified through on-site monitoring data, and the indicator system can be optimized for different regions and scales of broiler farms to provide more targeted technical support for precise prevention and control.
The paper aims to investigate the effects of sealed hypoxia versus natural oxygen supply, with or without summer temperature control, on the chemical components of tobacco leaves. Using tobacco lamina from Shaoguan (Guangdong) and Qujing (Yunnan) as the materials, four maintenance modes were applied: air-conditioned warehouse with sealed hypoxia, air-conditioned warehouse with natural aging, conventional warehouse with sealed hypoxia, and conventional warehouse with natural aging. The impact of storage conditions on chemical components during aging was analyzed. Compared to non-temperature-controlled conventional warehouses, temperature-controlled air-conditioned warehouses significantly slowed the rate of chemical changes in tobacco leaves, evidenced by gentler variation amplitudes in total alkaloids, polyphenols, pigments, and pH. Conventional warehouses notably accelerated pH decline and polyphenol oxidation. Under identical temperature control, sealed hypoxia more effectively retarded chemical changes than natural aging. Regional differences revealed that Qujing tobacco had higher initial polyphenol content (59.35 mg/g) and greater chemical variation than Shaoguan tobacco (29.06 mg/g), with rapid early-stage degradation stabilizing later. Temperature control is effective in delaying aging deterioration and stabilizing chemical components, particularly when combined with sealed hypoxia. For Guangdong-origin tobacco, the air-conditioned sealed hypoxia mode is recommended; for Yunnan tobacco, extended aging in temperature-controlled environments facilitates retention and conversion of aroma precursors. A differentiated storage strategy is proposed: ‘priority on temperature-controlled hypoxia for Guangdong, gradual aging dominance for Yunnan’.
To address the uncertainty in the aging period of the characteristic flue-cured tobacco variety ‘CB-1’ lamina under northern climate conditions, which affects the suitability of raw materials for cigarette production, this study aimed to explore its optimal aging duration. Using redried lamina of middle leaves (C3F) and upper leaves (B2F) of ‘CB-1’ from Longyan, Fujian, natural aging was conducted for 24 months in the aging warehouse of Shandong Tobacco Industry. Regular measurements were taken for appearance quality, main chemical components, and sensory evaluation quality, with comprehensive assessment performed using cluster analysis. The findings showed: (1) As aging progressed, the color of leaves from both positions deepened, oil content decreased, and color intensity increased. For middle leaves, total sugar and reducing sugar contents peaked at 12 months of aging, increasing by 0.74 and 0.81 percentage points respectively compared to before aging, while total nitrogen and nicotine contents consistently declined throughout the aging period. For upper leaves, reducing sugar, nicotine, and total nitrogen showed a decreasing trend during aging. (2) The sensory scores for middle leaves in terms of concentration, aroma quality, aroma quantity, sweetness, and overall sensory quality reached their highest values at 12 months of aging, increasing by 0.2, 0.8, 0.5, 0.9, and 6.25 points respectively compared to pre-aging. The overall sensory quality score for upper leaves peaked at 18 months of aging, with an increase of 5.50 points. (3) Cluster analysis indicated that middle leaves aged for 12 and 18 months were grouped into one category, while upper leaves aged for 18 months clustered with those aged for 12 and 24 months. In conclusion, the optimal aging period for ‘CB-1’ middle leaves is 12 months (with 18 months as an alternative), and for upper leaves it is 18 months (with 12 and 24 months as alternatives). Future research could integrate temperature and humidity control, microbial community dynamics, and metabolic patterns of aroma substances to further elucidate the aging mechanisms of tobacco under northern climate conditions, thereby providing support for precise raw material management.
To investigate the differences and usability of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco from different production areas of Shandong Province, B2F and C3F grade flue-cured tobacco samples from 20 production areas in six regions (Weifang, Linyi, Jinan, Zibo, Rizhao, and Qingdao) were analyzed. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium, and chloride were determined. Regional differences were analyzed through multiple comparisons and cluster analysis, while the chemical component usability index (CCUI) was calculated using fuzzy mathematics to evaluate quality grades. The results showed that: (1) The total sugar content of B2F tobacco was within the optimal range, but reducing sugar, total nitrogen, potassium, and chloride were below optimal levels, with nicotine content exceeding thresholds. C3F tobacco exhibited slightly higher total sugar and optimal reducing sugar, but insufficient total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium, and chloride. The B2F grade tobacco exhibited significantly lower total sugar and reducing sugar content compared to the C3F grade, while its total nitrogen and nicotine content were significantly higher. No significant differences were observed in potassium and chloride content between the two grades. (2) High coefficients of variation (CV) were observed in chemical components (B2F: 12.91%-42.68%; C3F: 10.89%-48.57%), with nicotine, potassium, and chloride CV exceeding 20%, indicating pronounced fluctuations. (3) Flue-cured tobacco exhibited significant differences in chemical components and usability among different production areas, yet cluster analysis revealed no distinct geographical differentiation patterns. (4) In some production areas, flue-cured tobacco exhibits a low-value tendency in CCUI, with insufficient total nitrogen, potassium, and chloride content being common limiting factors. In summary, in some tobacco production areas in Shandong Province, flue-cured tobacco exhibits insufficient chemical coordination. Targeted optimization of nitrogen, potassium, and chloride nutrient management, along with standardized cultivation practices, should be implemented to enhance quality.
ISSN 1000-6850 (Print)
Started from 1984
Published by: China Association of Agricultural Science Societies
