Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
Doubled Haploid (DH) technology can rapidly achieve genotypic homozygosity., shorten the breeding cycle, and enhance breeding efficiency. It has been widely applied in maize breeding. However, reports on its application in rice variety selection remain relatively limited. This paper reviews the research progress of DH technology in rice, summarizing the processes of haploid induction, chromosome doubling, screening, and identification. It analyzes the applications of this technology in fundamental research areas such as constructing genetic maps, mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs), editing haploid genes, creating homozygous mutants, and genome sequencing. Additionally, it summarizes the application of DH technology in the development of new rice varieties. To address challenges like plant dwarfism, low survival rates, and unstable induction efficiency encountered during rice breeding using haploid technology, strategies are proposed to optimize the technology, including utilizing diverse germplasm resources for hybridization, gene editing at the haploid stage, and integrating molecular marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, or multi-gene synergistic editing. Finally, this review provides insights into the future development directions of DH breeding in rice, offering a theoretical reference for its application in cultivating new rice varieties.
To screen excellent winter wheat varieties suitable for planting in the Huang-Huai-Hai Wheat Region, 60 winter wheat varieties were used as experimental materials, and 12 trait indicators such as growth period, population structure, yield components and stress resistance were determined. Comprehensive evaluation was conducted by adopting principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences among the 12 traits, with the coefficient of variation ranging from 1.4% to 28.3%. Yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with the whole growth period, maximum tiller number and heading days, while extremely significantly negatively correlated with the comprehensive disease resistance index. Five extracted principal components accounted for a cumulative contribution rate of 77.517%, and the constructed comprehensive evaluation model could effectively quantify the comprehensive performance of varieties. The top 10 varieties in comprehensive score had an average yield of 11737.8 kg/hm2, which was 11.2% higher than that of ‘Zhoumai 36’ (control), and these varieties could be used as core varieties for key promotion or high-yield research in the Eastern Henan Wheat Region. Cluster analysis divided the 60 varieties into 3 groups, among which 18 varieties in group Ⅰ showed the best comprehensive performance, and the application scenarios of each group were clarified. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the regional layout, production selection and breeding improvement of wheat varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai Wheat Region.
To systematically identify the GH3 gene family members in soybean (Glycine max) and reveal their evolutionary characteristics and potential functions, this study utilized the genome of ‘Zhonghuang 13’ as the experimental material. Bioinformatics methods were employed to identify members of the GH3 family, and their physicochemical properties, chromosomal localization, collinearity relationships, phylogenetic evolution, gene structure, conserved motifs, secondary structure, promoter elements, and expression patterns were systematically analyzed. A total of 35 GH3 members were identified, distributed across 16 chromosomes, most of the encoded proteins were acidic and hydrophilic proteins. Collinearity analysis within the soybean genome and among different soybean varieties revealed a high degree of conservation in the evolution of this family. Phylogenetic analysis classified the proteins into three subfamilies, with members of the same subfamily showing high similarity in gene structure and conserved motifs, suggesting that they may play a synergistic role. The secondary structure was predominantly composed of alpha helices (40.77%) and random coils (40.81%), with extended strands and beta sheets accounting for 14.16% and 4.25%, respectively. Promoter regions contained elements related to stress responses and growth and development. Expression analysis showed that SoyZH13_02G116300 and SoyZH13_03G235000 were expressed at multiple developmental stages. This study provides a theoretical foundation for elucidating the roles of GH3 genes in soybean growth and development and offers new insights into the synergistic effects of multiple hormones on soybean growth and development.
To investigate the expression characteristics of the target gene in transgenic cry2A* insect resistant early japonica rice, the study employed the T9 generation of transgenic cry2A* early japonica rice line ‘Songjing 9 (cry2A*)’ as experimental material. The transcription levels of the cry2A* gene in various organs at the tillering and heading stages were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and the expression levels of Bt protein in various organs at the tillering, heading and filling stages as well as in brown rice at the full ripening stage were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The results showed that the transcription levels of the cry2A* gene varied among the same tissues of different transformation events and among different tissues of the same transformation event. The transcription levels at the heading stage were higher than those at the tillering stage, and the tissue-specific expression pattern was in the order of leaves > young panicles > culm-sheaths. In terms of temporal expression, the Bt protein levels showed the pattern of filling stage > heading stage > tillering stage in leaves and culm-sheaths, and heading stage > filling stage in young panicles; the Bt protein concentration in brown rice was the lowest at the full ripening stage. In terms of spatial expression, the pattern was leaves> culm-sheaths at the tillering stage, leaves>young panicles>culm-sheaths at the heading stage, and leaves > culm-sheaths > young panicles at the filling stage, with the Bt protein levels in all the above tissues consistently higher than those in brown rice at the full ripening stage. In conclusion, the transcription levels of the cry2A* gene in early japonica rice were significantly positively correlated with the Bt protein expression levels, with distinct temporal and spatial variations. Collectively, the expression increased with the progression of growth and development in vegetative organs, while it decreased with the advance of growth stages in reproductive organs.
This study aimed to enhance the biomass content of Lactobacillus paracasei and provide technical support for its application in the prevention or treatment of hyperuricemia. The culture medium for Lactobacillus paracasei was optimized through single-factor and response surface methodology (RSM) experiments. Based on the screening of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, buffer salts, and nutritional factors via single-factor experiments, a Box-Behnken response surface design was employed. The results showed that a multiple quadratic regression model was established with OD600 of Lactobacillus paracasei as the response value. Analysis of the model indicated that the optimal culture medium composition for Lactobacillus paracasei was as follows: soluble starch 35.1 g/L, yeast extract 45.6 g/L, disodium hydrogen phosphate 7.3 g/L, and white radish juice 82.8 g/L. After optimization, the viable count of Lactobacillus paracasei cultured in the optimized medium reached 6.16×109 cfu/mL, which was 3.2 times higher than before optimization.
The purpose of this study is to clarify the internal relationship between different mineral elements in early-maturing apple fruits in Ili River Valley, to clear the interaction between these mineral elements and main fruit quality indicators, and to screen out the key mineral elements that regulate fruit quality, providing theoretical support for the formulation of reasonable nutrient fertilization scheme and high-quality and efficient production of apples. In this study, the fruits of 8 early-maturing apple varieties in this area were used as experimental materials, and canonical correlation analysis and path analysis methods were applied to systematically study the correlation and path coefficient between fruit mineral elements and main quality indicators. The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlation between titratable acid content and Zn content, solid-acid ratio and K content; the single fruit weight, titratable acid content and K content, soluble sugar content and Ca content, soluble sugar content and Fe content showed significant negative correlation. Path analysis showed that the direct effects on single fruit weight were Zn>Ca>Fe>K>Mg; the order of direct influence on fruit hardness was Zn>K>Ca>Mg>Fe; the strength of direct effect on soluble solids was Mg>Zn>Fe>K>Ca; the order of direct effect on titratable acid was Fe>Zn>K>Mg>Ca; the order of direct effect on soluble sugar was Ca>K>Fe>Zn>Mg; the strength of the direct effect on the solid-acid ratio was Mg>Ca>Fe>Zn>K.
This study uses 25 mini pumpkin introduced varieties (lines) as experimental materials to conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of 17 main traits, aiming to screen out mini pumpkin varieties (lines) with good comprehensive quality, and provide scientific reference for promoting the high-quality development and variety promotion of characteristic pumpkin industry in Kaizhou District, Chongqing. The results showed that there were significant differences in various traits among the 25 mini pumpkin varieties (lines). The top five varieties ranked in the comprehensive scores of principal component analysis were ‘WF3’, ‘WF15’, ‘WF9’, ‘WF14’ and ‘WF10’. These varieties have balanced and outstanding performance in yield, flavor and quality, and are suitable for promotion and cultivation in Kaizhou District. In addition, three types of excellent varieties with specific traits have been identified, including high-yield type (‘WF10’ and ‘WF14’), high-sugar type (‘LuKang 901’) and high-starch type (‘WeiJia’), which can meet the needs of processing and functional consumption.
To analyze the health status of river ecosystems in the Naqu River Basin and reveal the impacts of cascade hydropower development, phytoplankton samples were collected from 17 survey stations across the Naqu River Basin in June 2025. Water environmental parameters were measured. The phytoplankton species were identified, and their cell density and biomass were calculated. The distribution characteristics of phytoplankton communities were analyzed, and the phytoplankton index of biotic integrity (P-IBI) evaluation system was constructed and applied to assess the ecological health status of the habitat in the Naqu River Basin. A total of 7 phyla and 82 species (genera) of phytoplankton were identified in the study area. Bacillariophyta accounted for over 60% of the total species, followed by Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta. Average phytoplankton density and biomass were higher in the upper reaches than in the lower reaches. Four stations in the upper reaches of the main stem and one station in a tributary were classified as “healthy” to “sub-healthy”, two stations in two midstream tributaries were rated as “moderate”, while ten stations in the middle and lower reaches of the main stem and downstream tributaries were categorized as “poor”. In the Naqu River Basin, sections classified as “healthy” or “sub-healthy” are mainly located in the upper reaches of the main stream, where human activities have minimal impact. Altitude, alkalinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen are the main environmental factors related to the ecological health status of rivers in the Naqu River Basin.
This study was designed to investigate the pathways and mechanisms by which biochars with contrasting silicon contents ameliorate rhizosphere salinized soils. A pot experiment was established using wheat-straw (WS) and cotton-straw (CS) biochars pyrolyzed at 300℃ and 500℃, designated as WS300, WS500, CS300, and CS500, with a no-biochar treatment as the control (CK). The effects of these biochars on rhizosphere microenvironments, silicon speciation transformation, and ionic uptake were systematically assessed. The results revealed that WS-derived biochars consistently outperformed CS-derived counterparts in terms of labile silicon fractions (i.e., water-soluble and amorphous silicon) and ion-releasing capacity, with low-temperature (300℃) pyrolysis being more favorable for retaining these active constituents. Specifically, WS300 triggered a rapid efflux of salt ions at the tillering stage, substantially elevating rhizosphere electrical conductivity (EC) and concurrently increasing the concentrations of Na+, Cl-, K+, and Ca2+, thereby establishing a high-salt priming microenvironment. By the harvest stage, the available silicon content under WS300 treatment was approximately 1.15-fold and 2.35-fold higher than that under CS300 and CS500, respectively. Post-incubation characterization of WS300 biochar showed surface Si enrichment accompanied by decreased Cl and Ca levels, indicating a surface-mediated process wherein rapid salt release was coupled with concurrent silicon immobilization. In contrast, CS500 biochar, possessing a denser microstructure, exhibited lower silicon availability and slower salt release. WS500 biochar, however, continuously optimized rhizospheric ionic balance by reducing the Na/Cl ratio and elevating the K/Na ratio at tillering, maintaining Ca/Mg stability at flowering, and sustaining the highest K/Na ratio at harvest. These findings further suggest a synergistic coupling between salt liberation and silicon activation. The functional traits of the tested biochars were distilled into two dominant axes: WS300 was distinguished by its superior labile silicon content and high K/Na selectivity, whereas CS500 was characterized by high salt loading. Collectively, this work clarifies the divergent regulatory pathways of wheat-straw versus cotton-straw biochars in modifying rhizosphere environments, providing a theoretical basis for the targeted design and application of silicon-variable biochars in arid saline agricultural regions.
This study used locally cultivated ‘Siji’ Lonicera japonica as the experimental material to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield, quality, and rhizosphere soil microecology of Lonicera japonica, with the aim of providing a scientific basis for its fertilization management. A single-factor experimental design was adopted. After the optimal fertilization treatment was preliminarily determined, three treatments were established, including supplemental application of organic fertilizer, supplemental application of microbial fertilizer, and basal fertilizer only as the control (CK). The bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil were analyzed by sequencing technology. The effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and quality of Lonicera japonica were evaluated by measuring the fresh weight, dry weight, length, number of glandular trichomes, chlorogenic acid content, and yield of flower buds. In addition, the soil microecological effects were explored in combination with the analysis of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities. The results showed that supplemental application of organic fertilizer increased flower bud length, the number of glandular trichomes, yield, and chlorogenic acid content of Lonicera japonica. Compared with the control, flower bud length increased by 1.24 mm, while the number of glandular trichomes and chlorogenic acid content increased by 4.13% and 17.99%, respectively. Following supplemental application of organic fertilizer, the yield of Lonicera japonica increased by 5.61% and 9.51% compared with supplemental microbial fertilizer application and the control, respectively. Meanwhile, fertilization treatments altered the composition of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of Lonicera japonica. In conclusion, different fertilization treatments had varying effects on the yield and growth indicators of locally cultivated Lonicera japonica, among which supplemental application of organic fertilizer showed the best performance. These findings provide an important reference for fertilization management in local Lonicera japonica cultivation.
To clarify the regulatory effects and key driving factors of different mulching practices on rhizosphere microecology in wolfberry, 10-year-old ‘Ningqi No. 1’ plants were used as the experimental material, and 4 treatments were established: straw mulching (SM), horticultural ground fabric mulching (CM), black plastic film mulching (BM), and grass cover (CK). Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, microbial abundance, and community structure were determined, followed by correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, and principal component analysis. The results showed that all mulching practices improved the rhizosphere soil environment to varying degrees, with SM showing the strongest effect. Compared with CK, SM increased soil organic matter and moisture by 23.23% and 22.85%, respectively, and decreased pH and soil temperature by 9.51% and 8.32%, respectively. The activities of urease, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase were increased by 52.67%-59.84%. Microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, bacterial abundance, fungal abundance, and total microbial abundance increased by 30.39%, 41.25%, 30.88%, 132.26%, and 32.61%, respectively. SM also increased fungal community richness and diversity and promoted the enrichment of functional taxa. CM and BM showed certain positive effects, but their overall effects were weaker than that of SM. The comprehensive evaluation based on principal component analysis followed the order of SM>CM>BM>CK. In short, straw mulching can more effectively coordinate soil nutrients, moisture and temperature conditions, enzyme activities, and microbial community structure, and can serve as a suitable mulching practice for rhizosphere micro-ecology regulation in wolfberry orchards in arid regions of northwestern China.
To rationally utilize frozen soil resources and promote regional sustainable development, based on long-term (1991-2024) frozen soil data and synchronous meteorological observation data from surface meteorological stations in the Daxing’anling forest area, statistical analysis methods such as linear trend estimation and Pearson correlation coefficient were employed to systematically analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of key freeze-thaw parameters of frozen soil and their correlations with meteorological and geographical factors. The results indicated that: (1) during the study period, the seasonal frozen soil showed a significant degradation trend, characterized by “delayed freezing, advanced thawing, and reduced freezing depth”. The initial freezing date was delayed by 2.6 days per decade; the initial thawing date and final thawing date were advanced by 1.6 days and 5.5 days per decade, respectively; the maximum frozen soil depth decreased by 4.3 cm per decade, and the freeze-thaw cycle continued to be shortened. (2) The freeze-thaw process exhibited obvious spatiotemporal differentiation: the initial freezing date was earlier in the north and later in the south, the initial thawing date was earlier in the southeast than in the northwest, the final thawing date spanned nearly 4 months, and the maximum frozen soil depth presented a distribution feature of “shallow in the southeast and deep in the northwest”. (3) Meteorological and geographical factors synergistically drove the changes of frozen soil. The key meteorological factors were autumn average temperature and autumn precipitation (affecting the initial freezing date), annual average temperature (affecting the initial thawing date), and annual/summer precipitation (affecting the maximum frozen soil depth). The core geographical factors were altitude (regulating freeze-thaw timing), longitude (influencing the initial thawing date and frozen soil depth), and latitude (acting on key freeze-thaw timing and frozen soil depth). This study clarifies the freeze-thaw patterns and main driving factors of seasonal frozen soil in the Daxing’anling forest area, providing a scientific basis for frozen soil resource management, ecological protection, and climate change adaptation in the forest area.
This study evaluates the potential of Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for retrieving surface soil moisture in the Hetao region of Inner Mongolia, a typical arid and semi-arid agricultural area, over a 10-year period from 2015 to 2024. A total of 99 Sentinel-1 GRD images were processed to obtain backscattering coefficients for both VV and VH polarizations. The backscattering coefficients were correlated with in-situ soil moisture measurements from 10 meteorological stations at depths of 10 cm and 20 cm, including volumetric water content, gravimetric water content, effective water storage, and relative humidity. The water cloud model (WCM) was applied to assess its effectiveness in vegetation correction. The results demonstrate that the VV-polarized backscattering coefficient exhibits a strong negative correlation with soil moisture at 10 cm depth, with coefficients of determination (R²) exceeding 0.75 across all moisture metrics, significantly outperforming VH polarization. In contrast, correlations with 20 cm soil moisture were weak, confirming the limited penetration depth of C-band SAR. Seasonal analysis reveals distinct temporal patterns: the highest correlations occur in July and August, while the lowest correlations appear in May during the crop emergence phase. Land cover comparison indicates robust performance across both cropland (R²=0.80) and grassland (R²=0.83) sites, though croplands exhibit stronger monthly variability due to crop phenological dynamics. The WCM showed negligible improvement in retrieval accuracy when using default empirical parameters, suggesting the need for locally calibrated vegetation parameters. These findings confirm that Sentinel-1 VV polarization provides reliable surface soil moisture estimates (0-10 cm) in semi-arid agricultural regions, with performance strongly modulated by seasonal precipitation patterns and land cover type. The methodology enables operational soil moisture monitoring to support irrigation scheduling and drought early warning in data-scarce regions.
To identify the response characteristics of winter wheat yield in southeastern Gansu Province to meteorological factors and assess the trend of county-level yield changes in the near future, this study selected Qinzhou District, Maiji District, Qin'an County, Gangu County, and Wushan County in Tianshui City as the research areas. Based on the winter wheat yield data from 2015 to 2024, AgERA5 agrometeorological reanalysis data, and CMIP6 future climate data, a meteorological index system for different growth stages was constructed. Correlation analysis, partial correlation, grey correlation, multiple linear regression, random forest, and KNN methods were comprehensively adopted for analysis. The results show that the winter wheat yield in the study area is highly sensitive to heat conditions. The maximum average temperature during the entire growth period and the filling and maturation period has a stable negative correlation with the yield. Indicators such as solar radiation during the reviving-jointing period, extreme low temperature, and precipitation during the filling and maturation period also have significant impacts. The historical fitting effect of the random forest was better than that of multiple linear regressions, and the KNN residual model performed well in the independent validation in 2024. The prediction results from 2025 to 2035 indicate that the winter wheat yield in the five counties and districts shows fluctuating changes and does not show a continuous upward trend, and there are certain spatial differences among the counties. The study suggests that high-temperature heat stress is an important meteorological risk limiting the stable production of winter wheat in the region, and the reviving-jointing period and the filling and maturation period are the key stages of climate affecting wheat yield.
To deepen the understanding of the uncertain changes in climate resources in karst areas of the Yangtze River Basin, based on meteorological data from 78 national stations in Guizhou from 1961 to 2024, this research employs a sliding time window (30a) and a backward cloud algorithm to systematically analyze the evolution of normal cloud model parameters (expectation Ex, entropy En, and hyper-entropy He) for temperature production potential (Yt), precipitation production potential (Yp), evapotranspiration production potential (Ye), and standard climatic potential productivity (Ys). The main conclusions are as follows. (1) Overall, thermal resources (Yt expectation value of 19087.25 kg/hm2) determine the upper limit of production potential in Guizhou, while water conditions are the primary limiting factor. Yp exhibits the highest randomness and fuzziness and is the main source of uncertainty for Ys. (2) Regarding temporal trends, the expectation value of Yt shows the fastest increase (138.2 kg/hm2·10a), while the expectation value of Yp shows a significant decrease (-80.3 kg/hm2·10a), leading to a slow increase in Ys (36.4 kg/hm2·10a). The entropy and hyper-entropy of Yp exhibit the strongest increasing trends, indicating intensified instability in precipitation. Abrupt changes were concentrated between 1976 and 1988, coinciding with the interdecadal climate transition. The differences before and after the abrupt changes are consistent with the long-term trends, and the trends of increasing Yt, decreasing Yp, and increasing fuzziness of Ys are projected to continue for 6 to 11 years (H>0.75). (3)Spatially, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition reveals a composite characteristic of global response (first mode variance 47.0% to 96.3%) and local differentiation (second mode reflecting topographic influences). The normal cloud model effectively characterizes the baseline, fluctuation, and fuzzy boundaries of climatic potential productivity, offering a new approach for the multi-dimensional assessment of regional agro-climatic resources.
To elucidate the unique mechanism of dense planting efficiency in alpine regions with short growing seasons, and to determine the optimal planting density and climatic adaptability of rapeseed in Arxan, this study systematically analyzed the effects of planting density on agronomic traits, yield, and growth duration based on 30 consecutive years (1996-2025) of field observation data. The synergistic effects between planting density and meteorological factors were also investigated. The results demonstrated that with increasing density, individual plant traits, including primary branch number, pod number, and grain weight per plant, significantly improved by 60%-110%, while population yield continuously increased without exhibiting the typical yield decline inflection point observed in classical density studies. The optimal planting density for rapeseed in Arxan ranged from 600,000 to 850,000 plants/hm2, achieving a maximum theoretical yield of 6511.4 kg/hm2. Dense planting significantly shortened the growth period by 15-16 days, facilitating early maturity and disaster avoidance. Correlation analysis revealed negative associations between density/yield and accumulated temperature ≥10℃ and sunshine hours, whereas positive correlations were observed with precipitation and 10 cm soil temperature, with precipitation showing the strongest correlation with yield (r = 0.68). During 2016-2025, despite unfavorable climatic conditions characterized by slightly reduced accumulated temperature and decreased sunshine hours, substantial yield improvements were achieved through increased planting density and variety enhancement, confirming the enhanced cold tolerance of varieties and the effectiveness of the “compensating for light with density” cultivation strategy. This study provides a scientific foundation for breeding cold-tolerant, high-density rapeseed varieties and establishing intensive high-yield cultivation systems in alpine regions with short growing seasons.
To explore the field control efficacy of different dosages of antibacterial lipopeptides against black shank disease of flue-cured tobacco cultivar ‘Yunyan 100’ (the dominant flue-cured tobacco variety cultivated in Huize County, Yunnan Province), as well as its effects on tobacco leaf yield and quality, a field trial was conducted in a plot severely affected by tobacco black shank disease in Malu Village, Malu Township, Huize County in 2024. Three dosage gradients of antibacterial lipopeptides (0.75 kg/hm2, 1.5 kg/hm², 2.25 kg/hm2) were set for the experiment. The commonly used 40% dimethomorph was set as the positive control, and clear water served as the blank control. The disease index and control efficacy of tobacco black shank disease were surveyed at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after tobacco transplanting, respectively. The main agronomic traits of tobacco plants under each treatment were determined at the vigorous growth stage. After harvesting and curing, the yield and grade quality of tobacco leaves were statistically analyzed, and the conventional chemical components of middle tobacco leaves (C3F) were determined simultaneously. The results showed that: (1) all treatments could effectively control tobacco black shank disease, and the overall control efficacy was ranked as follows: antibacterial lipopeptides 2.25 kg/hm2 > 1.5 kg/hm2 > 0.75 kg/hm2 > 40% dimethomorph (300 mL/hm²). At 60 days after tobacco transplanting, the control efficacies of the three dosages of antibacterial lipopeptides ranged from 70.39% to 83.21%, which were significantly higher than the 62.63% achieved by dimethomorph. (2) For the antibacterial lipopeptides treatment at 2.25 kg/hm2, no significant differences were observed in maximum leaf length and leaf width compared with the 1.5 kg/hm2 treatment; other agronomic trait indicators were significantly superior to the 1.5 kg/hm² antibacterial lipopeptides treatment. Furthermore, the main agronomic traits under the three dosages of antibacterial lipopeptides were significantly better than those of the positive control. (3) The treatment of 1.5 kg/hm2 presented the best performance regarding tobacco leaf chemical components, yield and quality, with more harmonious chemical components. Therefore, under the ecological conditions in Huize County, the optimal application dosage of antibacterial lipopeptides for the control of black shank disease in ‘Yunyan 100’ is 1.5 kg/hm². Its control efficacy is superior to the traditional chemical pesticide dimethomorph. Meanwhile, it possesses multiple functions including disease prevention, growth promotion, quality improvement and optimization of internal chemical components of tobacco leaves, hence being suitable for popularization and application in the green production of local flue-cured tobacco.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of varying selenium (Se) concentrations on the antioxidant and detoxification responses in rice, and to provide a basis for subsequent research on Se-enriched rice. Using the rice cultivar ‘Meixiangzhan 2’ as the experimental material, a hydroponic experiment was conducted. Four Se concentration treatments (0, 0.01, 0.025, and 0.05 mg/L) were established by adding sodium selenite. Plant height, photosynthetic pigment content, selenium and nutrient (N, P, K) contents were determined, and changes in antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD, CAT) activities, detoxification enzyme (GST, CarE) activities, and the expression level of rice selenium-binding protein 1 (OsSBP1) were analyzed. The results showed that appropriate Se application promoted rice growth, while excessive Se inhibited growth and caused dwarfing. The plant height was reduced by 21.8%-32.9% when increased Se concentration from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/L. Low Se concentrations had no effect on leaf photosynthetic pigment content, but the content decreased significantly at 0.05 mg/L. With increasing Se concentration, the Se content in rice roots, stems, and leaves continuously increased, reaching 236-, 163-, and 64-fold that of the control at 0.05 mg/L, respectively. However, the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in rice were not inhibited. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in roots stems and leaves decreased significantly with increasing Se levels. The lowest MDA values were observed at 0.05 mg/L (roots), 0.025 mg/L (stems), and 0.01 mg/L (leaves), with reductions of 79.5%, 65.7%, and 53.7%, respectively. Within the Se concentration range of 0.01-0.05 mg/L, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and carboxylesterase (CarE) in roots, stems and leaves increased significantly. In contrast, the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in roots and stems initially increased and then decreased. The relative expression of OsSBP1 also showed a similar trend, decreasing to 0.5- and 0.3-fold the control level in stems and leaves at 0.05 mg/L, respectively. In summary, appropriate Se application increased the Se content, reduced MDA content, enhanced the activities of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes, and upregulated OsSBP1 expression in rice, thereby promoting antioxidant capacity and alleviating Se toxicity symptoms. However, excessive Se application inhibited antioxidant activity, exerted toxic effects, reduced photosynthetic pigment content, and suppressed the growth and development of rice. This study provides a theoretical reference for the rational application of Se fertilizer in rice cultivation.
To supplement ecological data of brown rat population in farmhouses in the southern region of Xinjiang and to provide a theoretical basis for predicting population dynamics and implementing scientific control measures, a standardized trapping protocol integrating fixed-point snap-trap deployment and live-cage trapping was implemented across rural households in Kashgar Prefecture in 2019-2025. A total of 718 morphologically valid specimens (comprising both sexes) were collected. Five core biometric parameters, including body weight, head-body length, tail length, hind foot length, and ear height, were measured with precision, and intergroup comparisons (by sex, age class, and season) were conducted using appropriate statistical analyses. The results showed that body weight in the sampled population exhibited a unimodal, approximately normal distribution, with 83.43% of individuals falling within the 40.01-270.00 g range; the modal interval (80.01-240.00 g) accounted for 60.45% of all specimens. Age structure was dominated by adult group I, adult group II, and elderly individuals, collectively representing 69.47% of the sample. No statistically significant sexual dimorphism was observed for any of the five measured morphometric traits (all P>0.05). In contrast, highly significant differences were detected across age classes (all P<0.01), and seasonal variation exerted a statistically significant influence on body size parameters (P<0.05). Under shared environmental conditions in rural Kashgar households, male and female R. norvegicus exhibit comparable growth trajectories and convergent somatic development with advancing age. Seasonal environmental fluctuations significantly modulate growth and morphological maturation. These findings establish a quantitative baseline for future investigations into the seasonal reproductive characteristics of R. norvegicus in rural Xinjiang and provide empirical support for spatially and temporally refined rodent control interventions.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of twin-screw extrusion puffing technology on wheat bran and bran-containing steamed bread, with the goal of developing steamed bread products with nutritional value and improved quality. Extruded-puffed bran was added back into steamed bread made from Xumai 44 flour. Various analytical techniques, including texture analyzer, SEM, and GC-MS, were employed to evaluate the physicochemical properties, sensory, and nutritional qualities of the different steamed bread samples. The results showed that steamed bread with extruded-puffed bran exhibited superior fluffiness, color, springiness and toughness, palatability, and overall eating quality compared to that with untreated bran, achieving a sensory score of 86.9. In contrast to the steamed bread with untreated bran, the puffed-bran-supplemented bread not only displayed a more intact microstructure but also demonstrated significantly enhanced springiness and chewiness, resulting in a firmer and more refreshing mouthfeel. Furthermore, the extrusion puffing technology also significantly improved the flavor diversity of bran-containing steamed bread, detected 46 kinds of baking aroma-related volatile compounds, and made its dietary fiber content reach 5.65 %. In summary, extrusion puffing technology effectively improved the sensory, nutritional value, and flavor qualities of bran-back-added steamed bread. The puffed-modified bran represents a more promising raw material for dietary fiber supplementation.
To understand the nutritional value of locally produced vegetable oils in Shangluo and select high-quality oils, six types of vegetable oils were studied. The fatty acid composition and relative content were determined using gas chromatography in accordance with the National Food Safety Standard for Determination of Fatty Acids in Foods (GB 5009.168-2016). The findings indicate that different vegetable oils share common fatty acid profiles and relative contents while exhibiting unique characteristics. The relative content of monounsaturated fatty acids is highest in rapeseed oil (63.07%-68.38%), surpassing that of polyunsaturated fatty acids (25.53%-29.69%). Rapeseed oil also shows the highest relative content of total unsaturated fatty acids (92.76%-96.65%), followed by walnut oil (89.11%-92.95%). The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids follows a pattern similar to the relative content of total unsaturated fatty acids. The essential fatty acid content ranks as follows: walnut oil > sunflower oil > seabuckthorn oil > sesame oil > peanut oil > rapeseed oil. In summary, rapeseed oil and walnut oil are identified as nutritionally healthy and high-quality vegetable oils.
As an important part of intellectual property rights and agricultural regional brands, tea geographical indications have played an active role in improving the quality and efficiency of the tea industry and increasing farmers' income. In order to accurately locate the crux of Guangxi tea geographical indication brand construction, break through the bottleneck of Guangxi tea industry development, and promote the transformation of geographical indication intellectual property rights into industrial development momentum, this paper systematically combed the development pattern of national tea geographical indication, and deeply analyzed the registration quantity, geographical distribution, brand reputation and brand value, variety innovation and other status quo of China’s tea product of geographical indication and agro-product of geographical indication. And the practical difficulties existing in the brand construction of tea geographical indication in Guangxi were deeply analyzed. The study found that there were some problems in Guangxi tea industry, such as low brand value of geographical indications, weak market reputation and core competitiveness, weak strength of tea production enterprises, insufficient mining and inheritance of tea culture, low added value of products, and insufficient extension of industrial chain. Based on the issues of Guangxi industry, this paper put forward targeted development countermeasures from the aspects of strengthening variety breeding and variety right protection, cultivating and strengthening leading enterprises, extending the industrial chain, and empowering brand construction and promotion with the help of artificial intelligence, so as to provide reference for improving the quality and efficiency of Guangxi tea geographical indication brands and empowering rural revitalization, and also provide reference for the cultivation of regional geographical indication brands.
In order to carry out molecular marker-assisted breeding and fine mapping of related functional genes of Bellamya purificata, 42 individuals of the recombinant inbred line ‘RIL3’ of B. purificata were used as the mapping population. Based on the whole genome resequencing technology, the whole genome SNP markers were mined and screened. The high-quality SNP markers obtained by mining and screening were used to construct a high-density genetic map using HighMap software. R/qtl software was used to locate QTLs related to gender and growth traits, and candidate genes were screened by genome annotation and functional enrichment analysis. A high-density genetic map containing of 1503 Bin markers with a total map distance of 1115.71 cM was successfully constructed, with an average marker spacing of 0.81 cM. Four QTLs for sex (XB), weight (TZ) and shell width (KK) were mapped on LG2, and the sex QTL explained 17.32 % of the phenotypic variation. Candidate gene analysis showed that the gender QTL interval was enriched in genes related to transmembrane signal transduction, protein dephosphorylation and lipid metabolism, and the growth trait QTL interval was involved in chitin metabolism, kinase signaling and basal metabolic pathways. The results indicate that the sex determination of B. purificata may be regulated by a non-classical signal network with receptor tyrosine phosphatase as the core, and the growth traits are affected by multiple genes, which provide a key genetic basis for the molecular mechanism analysis and molecular breeding of sex and growth traits of this species.
This study investigated the feeding intensity and growth response of different-sized grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) to Eichhornia crassipes, aiming to provide scientific basis for controlling the overgrowth of E. crassipes, maintaining aquatic ecological balance and realizing the resource utilization. Ten size groups of grass carp with body weight ranging from 50 to 500 g/ind were selected. Thirty individuals from each group were reared in net cages and fed exclusively with E. crassipes for a 120-day culture period. The growth indices and survival rate of grass carp, as well as the nutritional composition of E. crassipes, were monitored to analyze the feeding and growth characteristics of grass carp across different body sizes. The water quality of the experimental water body complied with fishery aquaculture standards. E. crassipes contained 17 amino acids, among which essential amino acids accounted for 30.86% of the total amino acid content, and 15 fatty acids, with polyunsaturated fatty acids accounting for 50.59% of the total. By contrast, the crude protein and crude lipid contents of E. crassipes were relatively low, at 11.66% and 0.91%, respectively. The body weight of grass carp in all groups increased significantly, and the total length increased extremely significantly. For grass carp with body size above 250 g/ind, the net weight gain and feed intake increased rapidly, with the maximum weight gain rate reaching 167.11%, and the feed conversion ratio decreased with the increase of body size. The condition factor of grass carp fed only with E. crassipes was lower than that of grass carp fed with formulated feed, presenting a slender body shape, and the survival rate of small-sized grass carp was relatively low. The body size of grass carp is positively correlated with the feed intake of E. crassipes. Grass carp with body size above 200 g/ind, have significantly enhanced feeding and utilization capacity for E. crassipes. Grass carp with appropriate body sizes can balance the biomass of E. crassipes and the water purification function of water bodies. E. crassipes is suitable to be used as supplementary feed rather than the sole nutrient source for grass carp.
Guangxi Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep is one of the authentic medicinal materials of the national geographical indication product “Guangxi Ten Geo-Authentic Potential Materia Medica”. Its output ranks first in the country and it plays an important role in rural revitalization. This study focuses on the Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep industry in Guangxi, and through literature review, field investigation and data collection methods, constructs a SWOT strategic model. Combined with the current development status of the Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep industry in Guangxi, this article proposes countermeasures and suggestions such as strengthening germplasm resource conservation, promoting large-scale cultivation and standardized production, constructing a green cultivation standard system, increasing efforts in product research and regional brand development, strengthening policy and financial support, and cultivating industrial talents. It aims to provide a reference basis for advancing the high-quality development of the Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep industry and facilitating the transformation and upgrading of regional specialty medicinal materials industry.
This study aims to provide references for rural planning, spatial layout optimization and land use in Hanyuan County. By analyzing the granularity effect of different granularity landscape indices, and based on the determination of the optimal granularity, combined with landscape pattern and spatial analysis methods, the spatial differentiation characteristics of rural settlements in Hanyuan County were studied. The results showed: (1) the appropriate granularity range for the spatial differentiation characteristics of rural settlements in Hanyuan County is 50-70 m, and the optimal spatial granularity is 60m. (2) The distribution of rural settlements in Hanyuan County is in a northwest-southeast direction. The weighted center of the rural settlement patches is located within Tangjia Town, indicating that this area is the center of gravity of the patch area distribution of rural settlements. And there is a clustering distribution phenomenon in the central area of rural settlements. (3) The high-density areas of rural settlements in Hanyuan County are concentrated in Yidong Town, Jiuxiang Town, Tangjia Town, Fulin Town, Fuquan Town, Anle Town and Dashu Town, showing a feature of settlement clustering along the river. (4) Rural settlements in Hanyuan County show a high degree of aggregation. Only Yidong Town, Jiuxiang Town, Dashu Town and Tangjia Town have relatively high separation indices, which are 714.35, 700.02, 451.33 and 350.19 respectively, and the dispersion degree of rural settlement patches in these areas is high. In summary, the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Hanyuan County shows the characteristics of ‘high aggregation, less dispersion’. The spatial distribution pattern is significantly affected by topography and geomorphology, with the dense distribution of low mountain valley areas and the sparse distribution of high mountain areas as the main characteristics. The research results provide valuable reference information for rural development planning and land use management in Hanyuan County.
ISSN 1000-6850 (Print)
Started from 1984
Published by: China Association of Agricultural Science Societies
