Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
In view of the lack of suitable varieties for ratooning rice production in eastern Hubei, the evaluation index of ratooning ability is not clear, and the identification methods are not unified，the study aims to screen suitable ratoon rice varieties in eastern Hubei and establish an evaluation system for ratooning ability. A field trial was conducted in Huanggang City in 2023 using 23 hybrid rice varieties as materials. The growth duration, agronomic traits and yield were analyzed, and key indicators for evaluating ratooning ability were identified through regression analysis. The growth period of the tested varieties ranged from 184 to 213 days, with the regeneration bud emergence rate showing the greatest variation (8.5%-85.6%, CV=43%) and significantly correlated with yield (R2=0.902). Based on ratoon season yields (1350 to 4500 kg/hm2), ratooning ability was classified into four grades. Among the indicators, the regeneration bud emergence rate on the 7th day after harvest of the main crop, the number of effective panicles in the ratoon season, and the tiller number per seedling at the maximum seedling stage achieved classification accuracy rates of 68.75%, 70.25% and 47.38%, respectively, allowing them to serve as core screening indicators. 16 varieties, such as ‘Jingchuyou 89’, ‘E Liangyou 88’, were identified as suitable varieties for cultivation. Among them, 4 varieties, including ‘E Liangyou 88’, ‘Xinxiang Liangyou 3927’, Yuxiangyou 8133 and ‘Sheng Liangyou 311’, achieved total annual yields exceeding 13,000 kg/hm2, demonstrating outstanding yield performance. This study identified core indicators for evaluating ratooning ability and screened multiple suitable varieties, providing a scientific basis for selection and production of ratoon rice in eastern Hubei.
To identify percentage of vitreous kernels (PVK) as a selection indicator for wheat quality breeding, grain quality traits of 160 medium-strong and weak gluten wheat lines bred by the Lixiahe Regional Agricultural Research Institute in Jiangsu were analyzed under fertilized and unfertilized conditions. The results showed that genotype, fertilizer treatment, and year significantly affected the PVK, with genotype contributing 62.07% of the total effect-higher than fertilizer and year effects. The coefficient of variation for the PVK was 64.48%, exceeding that of protein content and hardness index (HI). Additionally, the PVK showed a highly significant correlation with protein content and hardness, with a correlation coefficient of 0.80 for the HI. And the PVK demonstrated a highly significant correlation with the selected variety quality indicators, indicating its potential for comprehensive evaluation of varieties. Based on these two selection criteria (PVK and HI), 62 strong gluten lines (e.g., ‘Yang 14-88’, ‘Yang 18P8’, ‘Yang 18P26’) with consistently high vitreousness and 14 weak gluten lines (e.g., ‘Yang 14-7’, ‘Yang 14-214’, ‘Yang 18P76’) with stable floury characteristics were identified. In short, the PVK is a key grain quality trait predominantly controlled by genotype. It exhibits substantial variation, enabling the differentiation of quality among various lines, and shows significant correlation with comprehensive evaluation metrics. Therefore, it can be used as a simple and efficient indicator for assessing wheat quality. Moreover, high-quality materials selected based on this trait hold significant value for both research and breeding purposes.
To investigate the effects of sowing date on the growth, development, and yield of spring maize in the hilly area of northeast Sichuan, three varieties (‘Zhongyu 3’, ‘Chengdan 30’ and ‘Huayu 130’) were selected as experimental materials. A two-factor split-plot design was adopted in field experiments to analyze the effects of eight sowing dates on the growth process, morphological characteristics, and yield of the three spring maize varieties. The results showed that sowing date significantly regulated maize growth progress. With the delay of sowing date, the duration of each growth stage and the whole growth period shortened gradually, and the stage from seedling emergence to jointing was most obviously affected. Plant height and ear height presented a trend of initial decline, subsequent rise and final drop as sowing date postponed. In terms of varietal difference, both indicators ranked as ‘Chengdan 30’> ‘Zhongyu 3’ >‘Huayu 130’. Maize yield decreased continuously with delayed sowing date. Compared with sowing date A1 (March 14), the yield of ‘Zhongyu 3’, ‘Chengdan 30’ and ‘Huayu 130’ under sowing date A8 (May 2) decreased by 18.48%, 18.22% and 17.87% respectively. It indicates that the yields of ‘Sangdian 30’ and ‘Zhongyu No.3’ are more susceptible to the influence of sowing date. Meteorological factors indirectly affected maize morphological formation and yield by regulating sowing time. Accordingly, the optimal sowing window for spring maize in hilly area of northeast Sichuan is the middle and late March. Yield declines sharply when sowing is conducted later than April 18. ‘Huayu 130’ is recommended to maintain stable yield if timely sowing cannot be ensured.
Taking the cultivation model that created the high-yield record for summer-sown soybeans in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps as the research object, the differences in effective accumulated temperature during the growth period, water and fertilizer management measures, dynamic accumulation of dry matter, spatial distribution of leaf area and pods and grains, and yield components were analyzed by comparing with medium and low-yield fields to clarify the key technical measures and population structure characteristics for high-yield formation of summer-sown soybeans, and to establish a high-yield cultivation model. The research showed that it was crucial to adopt the no-tillage precision sowing technology mode for summer soybean planting, with sowing as early as possible after wheat harvest. The high-yield field of summer-sown soybeans took 104 days from sowing (with the emergence water dripping) to maturity, and the accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ during the growth period was 2496.72℃. The total irrigation water was 4817.4 m3/hm2, and the total fertilizer application was 502.5 kg/hm2, with balanced irrigation and fertilization at each growth stage. The population structure characteristics were as followed: plant height was 72.5 cm, the number of harvested plants was 384000 plants/hm2, the number of grains per plant was 73.58, the number of pods per plant was 30.00, the weight of grains per plant was 12.07 g, the accumulation of dry matter was 9941.33 kg/hm2, and the harvest index was 0.46. During the podding stage, the photosynthetically active radiation gradually increased from bottom to top, the LAI was 4.03, the main stem had 13 nodes, and the leaf area and grain distribution were larger from the 6th to the 11th node. The analysis and comparison of the reasons for the yield differences among different plots showed that a higher effective accumulated temperature during the growth period, reasonable water and fertilizer input at each growth stage, sufficient population size, and uniform plant growth were the keys to achieving high yields of summer-sown soybeans.
The milled millet rate is an important index reflecting the marketability of broomcorn millet. To explore the influencing factors and correlations of the milled millet rate of broomcorn millet, and provide a guiding basis for the planting and processing of broomcorn millet, this study took 23 high-quality broomcorn millet varieties as research objects, which were planted in 4 experiment sites including Dingbian, Ordos, Huining and Yan'an. After harvesting, the broomcorn millet was uniformly processed into glutinous millet, the milled millet rate was calculated, and the effects and correlations of three factors (variety, experiment site and grain color) on the milled millet rate of broomcorn millet were analyzed. The results showed that among the tested japonica broomcorn millet group, ‘Gumi 21’ had the highest milled millet rate of 75.25%; among the glutinous broomcorn millet group, ‘Gumi 25’ had the highest milled millet rate of 79.25%; the Ordos site had the highest milled millet rate of 73.13%. There were significant differences in the milled millet rate between japonica and glutinous broomcorn millet in Dingbian (P<0.05), and extremely significant differences in the milled millet rate between japonica and glutinous broomcorn millet in Ordos and Huining (P<0.01). Grain color analysis showed that the milled millet rate of white broomcorn millet was significantly higher than that of other colors, reaching 77.55%. The variety and grain color of broomcorn millet showed a significant negative correlation with the milled millet rate, while the experiment site showed a negative correlation with the milled millet rate but no significance. Different varieties, pilot sites and grain colors all had effects on the milled millet rate of broomcorn millet, and the variety and grain color had a significant negative correlation with the milled millet rate, which can provide a certain theoretical basis for the selection of broomcorn millet varieties in production.
Fertilization and planting density are the key cultivation factors affecting rapeseed yield. The purpose of this paper is to systematically sort out the mechanism and synergistic effect of fertilization and planting density on rapeseed yield formation. Based on the relevant research at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the effects of fertilization amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements and planting density on the agronomic traits, yield composition and resource utilization of rapeseed. Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer (135-270 kg/hm2), phosphorus fertilizer (45-120 kg/hm2), potassium fertilizer (90-180 kg/hm2) and micro-fertilizers such as boron and magnesium can significantly promote the growth of rapeseed and improve its yield and quality. The suitable planting density (250000-450000 plants/hm2) can optimize the population structure and improve the utilization rate of light energy. The synergistic regulation of fertilization and density can further exert the potential of increasing yield. Collaborative optimization of fertilization and planting density is an important way to achieve high yield and high efficiency of rapeseed. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on regional adaptation mechanism and simplified cultivation techniques.
To compare the salt tolerance of 8 peanut varieties in Xinbaihua series under salt stress and analyze their physiological response mechanism. In this study, different peanut varieties were treated by hydroponics for 7 days respectively under 300 mmol/L NaCl stress. The plant height, biomass (fresh and dry weight) and root morphological indicators of each variety were measured, and the salt tolerance was comprehensively evaluated by membership function methods. Based on above results, 4 varieties with the greatest differences in salt tolerance were selected, and the physiological indexes, such as leaf chlorophyll content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined. The results showed that salt stress inhibited the plant height, biomass and root growth of each variety significantly. Among them, the inhibition of ‘Xinbaihua 25’ was the lowest, and its plant height, fresh weight, dry weight and total root length decreased by 14.29%, 53.69%, 29.64% and 43.63%, respectively; while ‘Xinbaihua 15’ was the most severely suppressed, corresponding indicators significantly decreased by 32.19%, 68.94%, 37.72% and 54.82%. The comprehensive evaluation results combined with membership function showed that the salt tolerance of ‘Xinbaihua 25’ was the strongest, followed by ‘Xinbaihua 27’, and the salt tolerance of ‘Xinbaihua 15’ and ‘Xinbaihua 17’ were the worst. The results of physiological indexes showed that compared with ‘Xinbaihua 15’ and ‘Xinbaihua 17’, the contents of O2-, H2O2 and MDA in leaves of ‘Xinbaihua 25’ and ‘Xinbaihua 27’ with strong salt tolerance were significantly decreased, while the contents of chlorophyll and the activities of POD, CAT and APX were increased. This phenomenon showed that peanut varieties with strong salt tolerance had stronger antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic capacity, thus alleviating the inhibition of salt stress on peanut growth. In short, the salt tolerance of 8 peanut varieties are compared and analyzed systematically, which provide theoretical basis and germplasm resources for further studying the molecular mechanism of their response to salt stress and cultivating salt-tolerant varieties.
To investigate the effects of straw biochar combined with controlled-release urea on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency, a two-year field experiment was conducted using indica-japonica hybrid rice variety ‘Yongyou 15’ as test material and polymer-coated urea. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design to examine rice yield, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency under two biochar-based treatments: biochar with conventional urea, and biochar with polymer-coated urea. The results showed that, compared with conventional urea applied at full nitrogen rate, a single application of polymer-coated urea with 20% nitrogen reduction maintained stable rice yield and significantly increased nitrogen recovery efficiency (>50%). Compared with conventional urea alone, biochar combined with conventional urea significantly reduced rice yield in the first year, but no significant difference was observed between the two treatments in the second year. Meanwhile, biochar combined with polymer-coated urea did not compromise the positive effect of polymer-coated urea. All controlled-release urea treatments significantly increased nitrogen content in various rice plant parts and enhanced nitrogen recovery efficiency. This study provides a theoretical basis and scientific reference for developing efficient nitrogen fertilization strategies for indica-japonica hybrid rice.
“One Base and One Topdressing” is a simplified rice fertilization technique widely promoted in recent years. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of base fertilizer variety selection on its technical performance. Using no fertilizer and conventional fertilization as controls, six types of base fertilizers, including ordinary high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, humic acid compound fertilizer, biochar-based compound fertilizer, stable compound fertilizer, polyurethane-coated blended fertilizer and urea-formaldehyde compound fertilizer, were tested in the field. The results showed that under reduced nitrogen application by 45 kg N/hm2 (15%), various new fertilizers under the “One Base and One Topdressing” system achieved good technical outcomes, with humic acid compound fertilizer performing the best. Compared to conventional fertilization, using humic acid compound fertilizer under the simplified system increased rice yield by 16.1%, plant nitrogen uptake by 17.0%, nitrogen use efficiency by 59.5%, reduced nitrogen surplus by 70.5 kg N/hm2, and boosted planting benefits by 1348.5 yuan/hm2. These findings provide a reference for promoting the “One Base and One Topdressing” simplified fertilization technique for rice.
To explore the effects of continuous application of different organic fertilizers on facility tomatoes, a three-year continuous field experiment was conducted. The commonly used farmyard manure by farmers (CK) was used as the control, and the effects of bio-organic fertilizer (BOF), composted chicken manure and mushroom residue (CMOF), and composted pig manure and mushroom residue (PMOF) on fruit yield and quality, soil comprehensive properties and disease incidence were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, CMOF and PMOF increased the total tomato yield by 5.35% and 3.98%, respectively, while BOF decreased the total yield by 2.26%. CMOF and PMOF reduced the nitrate content in fruits by 28.7 and 35.9 mg/kg, respectively. CMOF and PMOF both increased soil pH and organic matter content, and PMOF had a significant increase. Both treatments reduced soil electrical conductivity to a certain extent. CMOF significantly increased available potassium, while PMOF slightly decreased available potassium. BOF significantly increased soil pH, but decreased soil electrical conductivity, organic matter and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. CMOF and PMOF improved soil bulk density, while BOF deteriorated soil bulk density. PMOF and CMOF significantly increased the number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, CMOF increased the number of Bacillus, while PMOF significantly reduced the number of fungi. BOF had no proliferative effect on the number of microorganisms and significantly reduced the number of fungi and Trichoderma. The incidence of root-knot nematodes was significantly lower in CMOF and PMOF than in CK and BOF. In conclusion, CMOF and PMOF can significantly increase tomato yield, improve soil microbial properties, reduce the incidence of nematodes and improve some soil chemical properties. BOF has a low input, although it is beneficial to reduce excessive salt and nutrients, the organic matter content is significantly reduced and the improvement effect on soil microbial properties is very limited.
Based on meteorological observation data and rice yield records from Zhalaite Banner from 1969 to 2025, this study employed the 5-year moving average method to separate trend yield from meteorological yield. Using the Mann-Kendall test and multiple regression analysis, it systematically investigated the evolution patterns of thermal, water, and light resources and their quantitative impacts on rice yield, and constructed a yield prediction model. The results show that: (1) the climate of Zhalaite Banner exhibits a significant warming trend, with the annual average temperature increasing by 0.4℃ per decade, the frost-free period extending by 3.6 days per decade, and the ≥10℃ accumulated active temperature increasing by 86.2℃·d per decade. (2) The actual rice yield shows an extremely significant upward trend (increasing by 1380.8 kg/hm2 per decade), growing approximately 8.4 times over 57 years, mainly driven by technological progress. However, the meteorological yield fluctuates violently (CV=38.5%), with bumper years, normal years, and yield-reduction years accounting for 29.1%, 27.3%, and 43.6%, respectively. (3) The established quadratic polynomial model can explain 88.44% of the variance in meteorological yield. Validation using independent samples from 2024 to 2025 shows that the relative prediction error is less than 0.5%. The conclusion holds that the increase in thermal resources has significantly contributed to the improvement of trend yield by extending the growth period and expanding the layout of high-yield varieties. However, there is a nonlinear relationship between heat and meteorological yield (positively correlated in the low-to-moderate heat range but negatively correlated beyond the threshold). Coupled with large interannual fluctuations in water conditions and frequent extreme climate events, these factors constitute the main risks to yield stability. Technological progress is the dominant factor in yield enhancement but faces the risk of diminishing marginal returns. It is recommended to optimize variety layout, strengthen water management, and improve early warning systems to enhance the adaptability of rice production to climate change.
Climate change exacerbates the uncertainty of crop yield changes. The study aims to find out the key periods and key meteorological factors affecting the production of oil sunflower, providing data support for ensuring high and stable yield of oil sunflower in Hetao area of Inner Mongolia. In this paper, the oil sunflower yield, growth period and meteorological data from 2005 to 2024 of Bayannaoer Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station were selected. The linear regression method was used to separate the meteorological yield from the actual yield, and the correlation analysis was carried out with the meteorological factors in each period of the whole growth period of oil sunflower. The key period and key meteorological factors of oil sunflower production affected by meteorological conditions in Hetao area of Inner Mongolia were obtained. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between sunshine hours and oil sunflower yield in early June (sowing-emergence stage); in early July (inflorescence formation period), sunshine was the main factor affecting the yield of oil sunflower; in August (flowering and filling stages), precipitation and sunshine were the key factors; in early September (mature period), temperature was the key factor. Therefore, based on the agricultural production practice of oil sunflower, key suggestions for meteorological services are proposed to provide a scientific basis for high and stable yields of oil sunflower in the Hetao region.
To clarify the climatic resource advantages and their impacts on tea growth and quality formation in the high-mountain white tea producing area of Nanjian County, this study utilized observational data from one national meteorological station and nine regional automatic weather stations in Nanjian from 1991 to 2024, along with tea quality test data from 2020 to 2023. By constructing a climate suitability model and a climate quality grading evaluation model, the climate suitability of the tea-growing area and the climate quality grade of spring tea were quantitatively assessed, and the models were validated. The results show that: (1) the light, heat, and water resources in the Nanjian high-mountain white tea producing area are well-balanced. The unique spring (March to May) climatic resource combination of ‘abundant sunshine, low humidity, and high solar radiation’ aligns perfectly with the white tea processing technique characterized by ‘no drying, no roasting, and no aroma enhancement’, laying a climatic foundation for the formation of its core ‘natural sweetness’ flavor. The period around the Qingming to Guyu solar terms is the optimal window for spring tea picking in Nanjian. (2) The ranges of temperature suitability, sunlight suitability, and moisture suitability for spring tea growth across Nanjian County are 0.73-0.99, 0.73-0.87, and 0.26-0.52, respectively, with a comprehensive climate suitability index of 0.56-0.72. Areas with a comprehensive climate suitability index >0.60 show a high degree of overlap with the actual distribution of tea gardens, with Wuliangshan Town, Leqiu Township, Yongcui Township, and Bixi Township being identified as the most suitable planting areas. (3) From 2018 to 2024, the climate quality grade of Nanjian high-mountain white tea during the spring tea period consistently remained at ‘Excellent’ or above, reaching the ‘Special Excellent’ grade in 2019, 2021, and 2024. Validation using 16 independent tea samples yielded an accuracy rate of 87.5% for the climate quality evaluation model, indicating its good reliability and practicality. This study can provide a scientific basis for optimizing the planting zoning, improving quality, and enhancing branding of Nanjian high-mountain white tea.
Accurate prediction of the tea-picking period can scientifically guide spring production, preserve tea quality, standardize the market, reduce market fluctuations, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the entire tea industry chain. In this study, to identify the key meteorological factors affecting the picking period of Xinyang Maojian tea, Pearson correlation analysis was first applied to calculate the correlation coefficients between historical picking dates and multiple concurrent and antecedent meteorological factors (including mean temperature, precipitation, and soil temperatures at different depths), so as to quantify the strength and direction of the linear relationships between these factors and the picking date. Significant correlated factors were then incorporated into the stepwise regression analysis to establish a prediction model. The results revealed significant correlations between the spring tea-picking date and four key meteorological indicators in mid-January: a significant positive correlation with precipitation (r = 0.939, P< 0.05), and significant negative correlations with mean temperature (r = -0.966, P < 0.1), 0 cm ground temperature (r = -0.949, P < 0.05), and 10 cm ground temperature (r = -0.913, P < 0.05). The prediction model based on stepwise regression analysis of screening variables (R2 = 0.99, P < 0.01) can achieve accurate prediction of 50-60 days in advance, with a mean absolute error of 0.3 days and prediction errors within ±2 days. The application of this model enables the staggered allocation of picking labour force 60 days ahead, effectively avoiding quality degradation of fresh leaves caused by mistimed harvest. Moreover, the phenological predictions generated by the model can provide a quantitative basis for precise pesticide application in biological control, as well as for setting early-warning thresholds for extreme weather events such as frost and drought. This study offers scientific and technological support for the modern agricultural model of “on-demand production”.
Under the backdrop of global climate change, in-depth investigation into the evolutionary characteristics of climatic resources during the growth period of A. argyi var. qiai is of great practical significance for promoting the scientific layout and sustainable development of its producing areas. Based on the daily meteorological observation data (including daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, daily precipitation, and sunshine duration) from 1965 to 2024 at Qichun National Basic Meteorological Station, combined with the key phenological periods (February-October) and different growth stages of A. argyi var. qiai, this study comprehensively adopted methods such as linear trend analysis, Mann-Kendall mutation test (combined with sliding T-test), Pearson correlation coefficient for trend testing, and the Miami model, to systematically explore the temporal variation and spatial differentiation characteristics of key climatic resources (i.e., light, heat, and water) during the growth period of A. argyi var. qiai, and evaluate the evolutionary characteristics of climatic potential productivity. The results indicated that:(1) during 1965-2024, the average temperature during the growth period of A. argyi var. qiai increased significantly with a climatic tendency rate of 0.38°C/10 a; the effective accumulated temperature ≥10°C also increased markedly, with a tendency rate of 104.36°C·d/10 a; (2) annual precipitation showed no significant linear trend, with a slight increasing tendency rate of 5.54 mm/10 a; the average annual number of precipitation days was 139.2 days, with no significant long-term trend (tendency rate 0.12 d/10 a), and interannual variability was the main characteristic of its evolution; (3) sunshine hours exhibited a significant decreasing trend overall, with a climate tendency rate of -25.23 h/10 a; (4) the average frost-free period was 257.3 days, showing a significant prolonging trend (tendency rate 6.366 d/10 a, with 91.66% of the years having a frost-free period ≥250 days, which could meet the demand for 2-3 harvests per year; (5) results of the Mann-Kendall trend test and sliding T-test revealed that the impact of climate evolution on the growth of A. argyi var. qiai presented an overall pattern of “significant heat gain and gradually emerging light constraints”; (6) climatic potential productivity increased with rising temperatures, but its exertion was unstable due to the combined constraints of uneven precipitation distribution and reduced sunshine; (7) based on the climatic requirements for the growth of A. argyi var. qiai, three core climatic factors—heat, moisture, and climate productivity—were selected. Five key indicators, namely, active accumulated temperature ≥10℃, precipitation during the growth period, sunshine duration during the growth period, frost-free period, and number of days with high temperature ≥ 35℃, were adopted to construct a comprehensive climatic suitability index (CSI) for the growth period of A. argyi var. qiai. The index was further classified into five grades. The climate suitability index showed that 96.6% of the years were at the “suitable” level, and only 3.4% of the years were “extremely unsuitable” due to extreme climate events (e.g., the drought in 1968). In conclusion, based on the quantitative characteristics of climate evolution during 1965-2024 in Qichun, through the three-dimensional coordination of “resource adaptation-risk prevention and control-potential improvement”, we should fully leverage the advantages of heat gain and frost-free period extension, alleviate the constraints of reduced sunshine and precipitation fluctuation, ensure the sustainable cultivation of genuine A. argyi var. qiai under the background of climate change, and enhance the climatic adaptability of the growth of A. argyi var. qiai.
To address the risks posed by compound meteorological disasters, including strong winds, dust storms, and frost, associated with spring cold waves in the Longdong region, this study analyzed data from eight national meteorological stations in Qingyang City. Observations of temperature, precipitation, strong winds, dust, and frost from 1991 to 2024, along with apple phenological data from the Xifeng Agrometeorological Experimental Station since 1994, were utilized. The Climate Trend Coefficient method was applied to quantify warming/cooling rates (calculated via the correlation coefficient between temperature series and time variables, ranging [-1, 1]), and Pearson correlation analysis was employed to examine the relationships between average temperature during the flowering period and fruit set rates, as well as wind speed and pollinator activity frequency. Results indicated that strong wind and cold wave events in spring of 2025 were the most frequent in 34 years, with an extreme gust of 39.5 m/s (Level 13) recorded by the Wugou Regional Station in Zhenyuan County. Wind and dust obstructed bee activities, stripped petals, and desiccated stigmas, reducing fruit set rates in naturally pollinated orchards by 20%-35% compared to normal levels. Benefiting from above-normal precipitation in the summer of 2024 and January 2025, soil moisture storage in the 50-100 cm deep layer remained favorable (55%-70%), buffering the impact of surface drought. Consequently, the yield reduction rate during the flowering period (8%-12%) was significantly lower than that in 2016 and 2023, indicating a comparatively mild impact. Although artificial pollination did not fully offset the disaster effects, it stabilized overall fruit set rates at 45%-55% (normal level: 60%-70%), effectively mitigating the downward trend. In response to "dry-cold" frost, an integrated defense technology of “smoke generation + heating + air disturbance” was innovatively proposed. Validation showed that its effectiveness was significantly higher than that of single measures, providing a replicable technical model for disaster prevention and mitigation in climatically analogous regions.
To quantify the multi-year variation patterns of agrometeorological disasters in Hebei and their relationship with extreme climate indices, based on meteorological observation data from 1981 to 2023 in Hebei and agrometeorological disaster data from Hebei Provincial Bureau of Statistics, this paper adopted methods such as simple linear regression and correlation analysis to study the temporal variation characteristics of several common agrometeorological disasters and their responses to extreme climate indices. The results showed that: (1) during 1981-2023, drought accounted for the highest proportion with a trend of increasing first and then decreasing; wind-hail disasters and flood disasters ranked second, showing a slow decline; freezing disasters accounted for the lowest proportion and exhibited a slow increase; (2) the extreme maximum temperature increased, the extreme minimum temperature decreased; the number of frost days decreased significantly; annual precipitation and the number of heavy rain days increased slightly, the daily maximum precipitation decreased slightly; and the number of strong wind days decreased significantly before rising slightly; (3) drought was significantly negatively correlated with annual precipitation and the number of heavy rain days, and significantly positively correlated with the number of strong wind days; flood was significantly negatively correlated with daily mean temperature difference, and significantly positively correlated with annual precipitation and precipitation intensity; wind-hail disaster was significantly negatively correlated with daily mean temperature difference; freezing disaster was significantly negatively correlated with daily mean temperature difference, the number of frost days and the number of strong wind days. In short, several common agricultural meteorological disasters in Hebei are mainly affected by annual precipitation, precipitation intensity, heavy rain days, strong wind days, daily mean temperature difference, and frost days.
The frequent and complex drought disasters in Dali Prefecture in recent years have posed a long-term threat to the sustainable development of agriculture. Studying the occurrence patterns and development trends of droughts in Dali Prefecture can provide a scientific basis for drought prevention and monitoring. Using the monthly precipitation data from 12 meteorological stations in Dali Prefecture, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) values at different time scales from 1965 to 2024 were calculated for each station. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of droughts at annual and seasonal time scales in Dali Prefecture were analyzed based on three indicators: drought frequency, drought intensity, and drought station proportion. The results show that: (1) the average annual drought frequency in Dali Prefecture is 32.22%, with relatively higher frequencies of severe and extreme droughts in the northwestern, central, and southeastern regions. The average seasonal drought frequency ranges from 29.17% to 30.28%, with relatively higher frequencies of spring, autumn, and winter droughts, and slightly lower summer drought frequency. (2) From the view of drought level, droughts at both annual and seasonal scales are dominated by light and moderate droughts. The intensities of annual, summer, and autumn droughts show an upward trend, while the intensities of spring and winter droughts show a downward trend. (3) From the aspect of drought range, the scopes of droughts at both annual and seasonal scales are mainly characterized by localized and region-wide droughts. The scopes of annual, summer, and autumn droughts show an upward trend, while the scopes of spring and winter droughts show a downward trend. (4) Overall, both the drought intensity and the drought station proportion in Dali Prefecture show an upward trend, indicating that droughts are developing towards higher intensity and larger scope. In recent years, the proportion of extreme droughts such as severe and extreme droughts has increased, and the impact scope and intensity of droughts have also shown an increasing trend. The research results can provide a scientific basis for drought monitoring and disaster prevention and mitigation measures in Dali Prefecture.
Southern blight has become an important root and stem disease of sweet potato from seedling stage to adult stage in South China. The pathogen species, infection rules, suitable conditions and efficient control agents are still unclear. To identify the pathogen causing stem base rot of sweet potato at the seedling stage in Guangzhou, and to study its biological characteristics, infection process, and effective chemical control, the pathogen was identified based on molecular and morphological characteristics. The effects of temperature, pH, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources on its biological traits were investigated. The infection process was observed microscopically using tissue staining, and the toxicity of 13 fungicides was tested in vitro using the mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that the pathogen of sweet potato southern blight was identified as Agroathelia rolfsii. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 28-32℃, with the best growth at 32℃. The suitable pH range was 5.4-7.5, with an optimum at pH 6.0. D-galactose, D-sorbitol, and D-mannitol were favorable carbon sources, while ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium chloride were suitable nitrogen sources. Microscopic observation revealed that hyphae began to infect within 12h, infection cushions formed at 24h, and the number of infection cushions peaked at 72 h. Hyphae were also able to infect through stomata. Among the tested fungicides, thifluzamide, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, and azoxystrobin showed the strongest inhibitory effects, with EC50 values of 0.01, 0.14, 0.20, and 0.96 mg/L, respectively. The result of this study provides a theoretical basis for the accurate diagnosis and control of sweet potato southern blight.
Peanut leaf spot disease is a major disease severely restricting the healthy development of the peanut industry in China, and its effective prevention and control is crucial for the sustainable development of the industry. This paper systematically elaborated on the symptomatic characteristics of various leaf spot diseases, including Cercospora arachidicola, Cercosporium personatuma, Phoma arachidicola, and Leptosphaerulina crassiasca, caused by different pathogens. It introduced the disease-promoting conditions from aspects such as continuous mono-cropping, temperature and humidity conditions, and variety resistance. Furthermore, the occurrence patterns of peanut leaf spot disease were analyzed based on factors including the pathogenic conditions, the infection process, and the disease cycle. Based on the infection process and field epidemiology, the comprehensive prevention and control strategy of peanut leaf spot disease was expounded. Main agricultural prevention and control measures of peanut leaf spot disease were introduced from the aspects of removing diseased residues, reasonable rotation, strengthening field management, and selecting disease-resistant varieties; the main research progress of peanut leaf spot disease in the field of biological control was expounded from the aspects of the competitive mechanism of biological control bacteria, antimicrobial metabolites and induced resistance; the main research progress of peanut leaf spot disease in the field of chemical control was introduced from the aspects of the high efficiency and safety of chemical agents. The principles of reducing dosage and increasing efficiency, precise rotation, and green agent types were proposed. We believe that the prevention and control of peanut leaf spot disease should adhere to the basis of agricultural control, combined with biological control and chemical control, and establish a comprehensive technical model to ensure the sustainable development of China's peanut industry.
The study aimed to explore the control effect of bio-organic fertilizer containing Pseudomonas fluorescens on bacterial wilt of facility eggplant, and its influences on yield, quality and soil properties, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for scientific fertilization in continuous cropping of facility eggplant. Field experiment was conducted with three treatments, including conventional fertilization (CK), basal application of inactivated bio-organic fertilizer (K1), and basal application of bio-organic fertilizer containing Pseudomonas fluorescens (K2). The application effects of the bio-organic fertilizer were analyzed by determining eggplant growth indicators, fruit quality, incidence of bacterial wilt, and relevant soil properties. The results indicated that the K2 treatment significantly enhanced eggplant yield and quality, and exerted positive effects on soil enzyme activities and rhizosphere microbial biomass. Compared with CK, K2 treatment significantly increased fruit single weight, yield, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, and vitamin C content by 10.58%, 7.79%, 31.47%, 25.85%, and 17.48% respectively, while reducing cellulose content by 65.52%. The activities of soil urease, catalase, sucrase, and acid phosphatase increased by 50.00%, 42.84%, 50.23%, and 30.04% respectively, and the populations of rhizosphere actinomycetes, fungi, and bacteria increased by 55.71%, 78.00%, and 15.57% respectively. The bio-organic fertilizer containing Pseudomonas fluorescens can achieve disease control, yield improvement and quality optimization of facility eggplant under continuous cropping by optimizing soil microecological environment and enhancing plant photosynthetic capacity, providing an effective pathway for resolving the obstacles associated with the continuous cropping of facility eggplant.
The combined pollution of microplastics and heavy metals in soil is a research frontier in the field of environmental science. To clarify the current research status and development trend in this field, this study adopted the bibliometric method and took ‘soil’, ‘microplastics’, and ‘heavy metals’ as the key words to analyze the relevant literatures included in Web of Science (486 articles) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (386 articles) from 2017 to 2025. The CiteSpace software was used to analyze the keywords co-occurrence, clustering, and timeline features. The results showed that, both at home and abroad, the number of research papers on the interaction between microplastics and heavy metals in soil had been increasing continuously. Especially after 2019, the growth rate became significant, and the growth rate of related international papers was even more remarkable. China was the country with the largest cumulative number of published papers in this field, accounting for nearly 60% of the total internationally published papers. The institution that had published the most papers internationally was the Chinese Academy of Sciences, while the one that had published the most papers domestically was Northwest A&F University. There was relatively little cooperation among these institutions. Domestic research hotspots were mainly concentrated in the directions of ‘adsorption’, ‘combined pollution’, ‘migration’, ‘microorganisms’, etc., focusing on the mechanism of combined action and its impact on ecological effects. The international research hotspots mainly focused on aspects such as ‘adsorption’, ‘pollution’, and ‘biomes’, which were consistent with the domestic research hotspots. The above research results suggest that the ecological effects caused by the interaction between microplastics and heavy metals in soil will remain an important direction and hot topic in this field in the future. It is necessary to strengthen research collaboration among academic institutions in the future.
Pastoral household cooperation, as an important approach to reduce labor input and improve the efficiency of livestock production, plays a significant role in promoting herdsmen’s income growth, advancing the development of the livestock industry, and facilitating rural revitalization. Based on data retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Web of Science Core Collection (WOS), this study employs the CiteSpace software to conduct a visualized bibliometric analysis and construct knowledge maps of research on pastoral household cooperation both in China and abroad. The results show that although China ranks among the leading countries in terms of publication output, the main research topics are largely concentrated on rural financial support for livestock development, context-specific cooperative models, policy-driven innovative development in pastoral areas, and the influencing factors of herdsmen’s cooperative behavior and willingness to cooperate. However, these studies exhibit several limitations, including relatively limited international influence, fragmented collaboration networks, uneven cooperation among institutions, and a relatively narrow research scope. In contrast, international research pays greater attention to global issues such as climate change and ecological conservation, focusing on ecological environmental protection, livestock production management, social-ecological system interactions, as well as adaptation strategies and risk management, while emphasizing cross-regional collaboration and the exploration of universally applicable cooperative models. Although China has a high volume of publications, its international influence still needs to be strengthened. Domestic research is strongly policy-driven. Therefore, it is recommended to enhance inter-institutional collaboration, promote interdisciplinary integration, and focus on frontier research areas in order to improve international academic influence.
Bellamya purificata is an important raw material for the renowned snack Luosifen. The study was conducted to explore the contribution of high proportion of male snails to its unique flavor. Male and female individuals of B. purificata were used as experimental materials to determine the differences in their nutritional components, and GC-MS was employed to compare and analyze their main flavor substances. The results showed that both male and female B. purificata contained 17 common amino acids, including 7 essential amino acids (tryptophan not determined) and 6 flavor amino acids. The contents of 6 amino acids such as glycine and cysteine were significantly different between males and females. A total of 36 flavor compounds were detected, of which 34 showed significant differences, covering 11 categories including ketones and aldehydes. The most abundant substance was styrene in females and hexanal in males. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that 2,3-octanedione had an extremely significant predictive effect on sex. The content of 2,3-octanedione differed significantly between male and female snails, making it a key contributor to their flavor divergence. These findings provide scientific support for flavor optimization, standardization, and new product development of Luosifen.
To summarize the application of seaweed extracts in agricultural production and their mechanisms in enhancing crop stress resistance (such as drought and salt tolerance, disease resistance, etc.), providing theoretical references for green agriculture, this paper employs literature research and systematic review methods to comprehensively analyze the bioactive components, application methods, and effects of seaweed extracts on crop physiology, biochemistry, and soil environment. Seaweed extracts are rich in active substances including plant hormones, polysaccharides, betaines, and minerals. Through foliar spraying or soil irrigation, they can effectively promote seed germination, root development, and nutrient absorption. Under stress conditions, seaweed extracts activate the antioxidant enzyme system in plants, alleviating oxidative damage caused by drought and salt stress; induce the expression of disease-resistant proteins and related genes, enhancing resistance to fungal diseases and insect pests; and can act as biosorbents to remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants, improving soil micro-ecology. Their application significantly increases crop yield and quality. Seaweed extract is an efficient biostimulant with significant potential in enhancing crop stress resistance and soil remediation, making it an important resource for developing sustainable green agriculture.
The study aims to clarify the development trend and international competitive position of cranberry industry in China, and further realize the targeted improvement of its international competitiveness. The development status of China's cranberry industry was deeply analyzed from the aspects of production scale, industrial structure, yield level, policy environment, and development bottlenecks. Meanwhile, the international market share, trade competitiveness index, export price index, display comparative advantage index and other evaluation indexes were adopted to evaluate the international competitiveness of cranberry industry in China using the entropy method. The results show that: compared with the world's major cranberry exporting countries, the international competitiveness of cranberry industry in China is relatively weak, but its export price index is significantly higher than that of these countries, and the export quality has a comparative advantage. Based on this, relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from aspects of scale expansion, technological innovation, talent training, and market development, so as to provide a reference for improving the international competitiveness of China's cranberry industry.
ISSN 1000-6850 (Print)
Started from 1984
Published by: China Association of Agricultural Science Societies
