Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
In the context of global climate warming and evolving agricultural practices, cases of premature sowing and cultivation in rice production have increased. This study focuses on Keqiao District, Shaoxing City, utilizing 43 years of observational data from the Keqiao National First-Class Agrometeorological Observation Station, combined with field surveys of current agricultural sowing practices. Five phased sowing schemes for machine-transplanted and direct-seeded early rice were developed. Analyze the probabilities of agrometeorological disasters occurring at different developmental stages for machine-transplanted and direct-seeded early rice under various sowing dates, and determine the suitable sowing periods for both machine-transplanted and direct-seeded early rice based on the principle of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages. The results showed that the suitable sowing period for machine-transplanted early rice in Keqiao, Shaoxing City is from late March to early April, and the suitable sowing date for direct-seeded early rice is from early April to early mid-April. This provides a scientific basis for farmers to reasonably arrange the production and planting of machine-transplanted and direct-seeded early rice, as well as to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages under climate change.
This study aims to elucidate the potential mechanisms of yeast supplementation in diets for laying hens to improve their production performance and solve the problem of unclear yeast working mechanism using transcriptomics and genomics technologies. Compared to the basal diet group, yeast supplementation in laying hen diets increased the Chao and Shannon indices of the cecal microbiota (P>0.05). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes increased in the yeast-supplemented group (P>0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides distasonis, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium also increased (P>0.05). Additionally, the relative abundance of Rikenella was significantly decreased compared to the basal diet group (P≤0.05). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 329 genes were differentially expressed in ileal mucosal tissues, with 184 genes upregulated and 145 genes down regulated. These changes together improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of nutrients in diets for laying hens. This study revealed the molecular mechanism of yeast in improving the diets utilization rate of laying hens by regulating the structure of cecal microbiota and the expression of key genes in ileum mucosa, which provided a theoretical basis for the application of yeast as a green and safe new antibiotic substitute.
In order to clarify the types of eggplant soil-borne diseases and the antagonistic effect of Chaetomium globosum CEF-082 on eggplant, the pathogen of eggplant wilt disease was isolated and purified by tissue separation method, and its pathogenicity was verified by soil inoculation. The pathogen of wilt disease was identified by combining morphology and molecular biology. The effects of C. globosum CEF-082 and fermentation broth on the hyphal growth, spore germination, and spore production of the pathogen were determined by confrontation culture method, drug containing medium method, and microscopic observation method. The control effect of C. globosum CEF-082 on eggplant soil borne diseases was clarified through pot experiments. The results showed that the pathogens causing eggplant wilting were Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium solani and Phomopsis vexans. The inhibitory effect of C. globosum CEF-082 and its fermentation broth had significant inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth and spore germination of V. dahliae and F. solani, while the inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of P. vexans was moderate. The inhibitory rates of the 10% fermentation broth on spore germination of V. dahliae, F. solani, and P. vexans were 70.63%, 69.93% and 67.69%, respectively. In the pot experiments, within 30 days after application, the control effect of C. globosum CEF-082 on Verticillium wilt, root rot, and Phomopsis blight in eggplant ranged from 46.95% to 55.68%, 39.44% to 46.43%, and 71.78% to 95.19%, respectively. In conclusion, C. globosum CEF-082 has significant antagonistic and control effects on V. dahliae, F. solani, and P. vexans, providing a new approach for the green control of soil-borne diseases such as Verticillium wilt, root rot, and Phomopsis blight in eggplant.
In order to identify safe and efficient foliar herbicides suitable for cotton fields in Hubei Province, the effect and safety of 9 herbicides on weed control and cotton yield were compared and analyzed in this study by directional spray of stems and leaves after seedling. The results showed that 21 days after treatments, the control effect of 30% topramezone SC 27 ga.i./hm2, 5% imazethapyr AS 100 ga.i./hm2, 21% glufosinate-P-ammonium SL 820 ga.i./hm2, 51% flumioxazin WG 60 ga.i./hm2 and 50% prometryn WP 1050 ga.i./hm2 on total grass fresh weight in cotton field were 99.40%, 86.07%, 91.17%, 98.81% and 99.34%, respectively. It was significantly higher than 25% sulfonsulfuron WG 26 ga.i./hm2, 15% nitrone SC 190 ga.i./hm2 and 10% pyrisulfuron WP 30 ga.i./hm2. Yield analysis indicated that all herbicide treatments significantly increased the yield of ‘Gangmian 13’ cotton, with 21% glufosinate-P-ammonium SL 820 ga.i./hm2 and 51% flumioxazin WG 60 ga.i./hm2, showing the greatest yield increase. Safety evaluation revealed that only 15% mesotrione SC 190 ga.i./hm2 posed potential risks to cotton, manifested as a significant reduction in root diameter. Field demonstration (compared to manual weeding) confirmed that both 21% glufosinate-P-ammonium SL 820 ga.i./hm2 and flumioxazin WG 60 ga.i./hm2 enhanced the yield of ‘Gangmian 13’. In conclusion, 21% glufosinate-P SL and 51% flumioxazin WG applied via directional foliar spraying at tested rates are recommended for weed control in cotton fields. This approach delivers significant efficacy while maintaining crop safety.
This paper focuses on the application of UAV remote sensing in crop nitrogen diagnosis, and comprehensively summarizes the development of nitrogen diagnosis technology from traditional nitrogen diagnosis technology, diagnosis technology based on digital image analysis to diagnosis technology of UAV remote sensing. The research and application progress of UAV remote sensing technology in nitrogen diagnosis of various crops are deeply analyzed. It is pointed out that the technology has the advantages of strong mobility, high degree of automation, non-destructive and high efficiency in precision agriculture. At the same time, the current challenges of the technology are objectively analyzed, such as massive data processing, limited model generalization ability, high application cost, and vulnerability to environmental interference. Finally, the future directions of deepening the mechanism and innovation model, breaking through the bottleneck of core technology, building intelligent application ecology, and promoting standardization and scale are prospected, aiming to provide theoretical support for promoting the in-depth application of UAV remote sensing technology in the field of precision agriculture.
In order to provide a theoretical basis for the preservation technology of Dendrocalamus brandisii shoots after picking, the alleviating effects of different low temperature preservation methods on the lignification process of D. brandisii shoots after harvesting were investigated. In this study, the bamboo shoots of D. brandisii from low hilly forest in Guangxi were used as research materials to analyze the changes of lignin, crude fiber content and key enzyme activity of lignin synthesis within 0-10 days after low temperature (4℃) vacuum storage and low temperature sealed storage. The results showed that the contents of lignin and crude fiber in bamboo shoots increased in different degrees within 1-10 d under the two cryopreservation methods. Vacuum treatment could effectively inhibit the synthesis of 43.21% lignin and 28.61% crude fiber. The total phenol content under vacuum treatment always maintained a continuous downward trend, while the total phenolic content decreased under sealing treatment until the 5th day and showed a certain degree of recovery. The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity of bamboo shoots under the two treatments showed a trend of decreasing first and then slowly increasing within 0-2 d, and the PAL activity under vacuum treatment was significantly lower than that under sealing treatment from the 3rd day (P<0.001). Principal component analysis and correlation analysis showed that lignin, crude fiber and PAL activity were positively correlated with storage days, and negatively correlated with total phenols. The results showed that total phenol, lignin, crude fiber content and PAL activity were the main response indexes in the lignification process of D. brandisii shoots after harvesting. The physical preservation method of 4℃ low temperature vacuum preservation can effectively delay the lignification process and the rapid decline of taste quality of bamboo shoots.
In order to study the effects of cultivation models on the growth, nutrition and taste of Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis), P. sinensis cultured in two different modes (paddy-field cultivation and pond intensive cultivation) were used to evaluate the growth performance, fatty acid nutrition and taste. The results showed that in paddy-field cultivation model, the specific growth rate (SGR) of P. sinensis was significantly higher than that in intensive pond culture by 82% (P<0.05), and the feed coefficient (FCR) was significantly reduced by 8% (P<0.05). The fatty acid nutritional value of P. sinensis was high in both cultivation models. In pond intensive cultivation model, the ratios of SFA/TFA (40.63%), PUFA/SFA (0.777:1), and SFA/MUFA/PUFA (1.28:0.86:1.00), as well as the AI, TI, and HH (0.500, 0.212, 2.087) in muscle were better than those in paddy-field cultivation model. Texture analysis revealed that the hardness, gumminess and chewiness of muscles and calipash of P. sinensis cultured in paddy-field cultivation model were significantly higher than in the pond-intensive model, whereas there were no significant differences in adhesiveness, resilience and springiness. In summary, the growth performance of P. sinensis under paddy field cultivation model was better and the muscle was chewy. And in pond-intensive cultivation model, the fatty acid nutritional value was higher and the muscle was tender and juicy.
To reveal the evolution of research hotspots, the characteristics of knowledge structure, and future development trends in this field, a total of 806 Chinese publications and 2757 English publications related to scale insect (Coccoidea) research over the past three decades (1994—2024) were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) databases, respectively. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were employed to conduct visual analyses of publication outputs, countries, institutions, author collaboration networks, source journals, as well as keyword co-occurrence, clustering, temporal evolution, and burst detection. The annual publication output exhibited an overall wavelike upward trend with periodic fluctuations. Among contributing nations, the United States, China, India, and Brazil emerged as the most prolific countries in terms of publication volume. Chinese literature mainly focuses on the description of new species of scale insects and their occurrence patterns, while English literature is more oriented towards biological control research, particularly in-depth discussions on natural enemies and host plants. The forefront of domestic research includes host plants and chemical control methods, whereas current international research hotspots involve plant pest, plant health, and pest risk. The visual maps presented intuitively depict the overall status of scale insect research over the past 30 years, indicating that research in this field is gradually deepening and developing well. However, current studies are primarily concentrated on new species descriptions and chemical and biological control, and it is urgent to strengthen the integration of basic research and application, particularly in the design and development of behavior-modulating agents targeting odorant receptors.
ISSN 1000-6850 (Print)
Started from 1984
Published by: China Association of Agricultural Science Societies
