Analysis of Volatile Oil Components in Different Organs of Echinacea purpurea

HUANG Huaxi; LU Enke; ZANG Qingmin; XU Shijuan; CHEN Rong; LIU Qin

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0649

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Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (19) : 143-150. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0649

Analysis of Volatile Oil Components in Different Organs of Echinacea purpurea

HUANG Huaxi ¹^,² ,
LU Enke ³ ,
ZANG Qingmin ³ ,
XU Shijuan ⁴ ,
CHEN Rong ¹ ,
LIU Qin ³

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Abstract

The volatile components and relative contents in different organs of Echinacea purpurea, introduced in Mengzi City, Yunnan Province, were analyzed through experiments, providing experimental data for their comprehensive development and utilization. The volatile components in the organs of E. purpurea were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The compositions of 92 compounds were identified in total. The identified components in roots, stems, leaves, capitulum and peduncles accounted for 90.034%, 90.143%, 91.411%, 94.279%, and 89.016% of their total volatile components, respectively, mainly terpenes, alcohols, ketones, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes and aldehydes. The relative content of terpenes was the highest in the roots, stems, leaves, capitulum, and peduncles, with percentages of 66.216%, 69.396%, 63.818%, 58.93%, and 40.62% respectively. The composition of terpenes in different organs was different. The highest terpenes in roots and stems were 1-octadecenyl followed by β-caryophyllene. The highest terpenes in leaves was germacrene D, followed by caryophyllin. The highest terpenes in capitulum was caryophyllin, followed by a-cyclohexene. The highest terpenes in peduncles was caryophyllin, followed by germacrene D. Some of the volatile components identified in this study have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer pharmacological effects, and some have positive effects on human development and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health care. The research results provide a reference for the quality evaluation and product development of E. purpurea.

Key words

Echinacea purpurea / volatile oil / HS-SPME / GC-MS / introduction / organs / relative content

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HUANG Huaxi , LU Enke , ZANG Qingmin , et al . Analysis of Volatile Oil Components in Different Organs of Echinacea purpurea[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2025, 41(19): 143-150 https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0649

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为明确铁皮石斛、金钗石斛及百合鲜花中的挥发油成分，采用正己烷-水蒸馏提取法对铁皮石斛、金钗石斛及百合鲜花进行挥发油提取，运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对其化学成分进行分析比较。3种鲜花共鉴定出83种化学成分，铁皮石斛、金钗石斛、百合鲜花分别分离出50、68、22种化学成分，鉴定出47、57、16个化学成分，其相对含量分别占挥发油总量的91.72%、70.79%、83.94%；香气成分中，分别鉴定出17、25、5种，占总含量的11.34%、27.61%、24.37%，其中铁皮石斛鲜花中主要香气成分为棕榈酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯、十六碳醛和叶绿醇，金钗石斛鲜花主要香气成分为棕榈酸、棕榈酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯、石竹烯、α-松油醇、4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚；百合鲜花主要香气成分为棕榈酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯与油酸乙酯。

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从兰科植物花香成分及其合成调控等方面进行综述，重点总结了常见兰花的主要花香成分、影响检测花香成分时的主要因素，以及花香生物合成途径中相关分子调控机制。分析表明，萜烯类化合物是兰花最主要花香成分，采样时期、部位、环境和检测技术等都会导致花香成分变化，萜类合成酶基因(TPS)和MYB类转录因子是花香物质代谢途径中主要调控基因。发现兰科植物相关花香成分完整代谢途径及分子调控机制的研究缺乏，是兰科植物花香性状研究现状存在的主要问题，深入挖掘与利用兰花香花基因、完善相关代谢途径将会是兰科植物花香性状未来的研究重点。

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以芳香疗法和景观评价为研究基础,基于灰色统计法（GST法）和层次分析法（AHP法）对社区康养性景观评价指标进行筛选和权重计算,获得长沙市上海城社区综合评价结果。研究初步选出5个准则层、32项指标形成社区植物的康养性评价初选指标集合,其中26项科学、准确的指标通过了灰色筛选。准则层的权重排序为康养性B₅(0.3236)>挥发性B₁(0.2817)>美学性B₂(0.1674)>生态性B₃(0.1170)>参与性B₄(0.1104)。各指标层的重要性程度中,B₁最高值和最低值为VOCs萜烯类物质含量(0.3618)、发香持续时间(0.0775),B₂最高值和最低值为植物色彩与季相变化(0.2737)、物种丰富度(0.1262),B₃最高值和最低值为空气负氧离子(0.3605)、固碳释氧(0.0860),B₄最高值和最低值为园艺活动体验(0.3407)、文化性与归属感(0.1703),B₅最高值和最低值为调节情绪(0.3474)、提高免疫力(0.0650)。长沙上海城社区的综合评分为3.1705,评级为“良”。构建的多级评价模型可有效评价社区康养性景观,其中调节情绪、VOCs萜烯类物质含量和缓解疲劳可以作为康养性景观鉴定的首选指标。