【目的】分析评价10种杀虫剂对番茄潜叶蛾的防治效果,为研究番茄潜叶蛾种群的化学防治以及综合治理提供一定的科学参考依据。【方法】测定 10 种药剂在田间喷施后对其防治效果。【结果】34% 乙多·甲氧虫 48 mL/667 m²、6% 乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂50 mL/667 m² 与0.05% 有机硅助剂 15 mL/667 m² 组合、 6% 乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂 50 mL/667 m² 与 20% 氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂 6.7 mL/667 m² 、20% 氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂10 mL/667 m² 在药后 14 d,其田间防治效果分别可达 94.59%、93.10%、90.97%、91.29%。【结论】生产上使用34% 乙多·甲氧虫SC 48 mL/667m²或6% 乙基多杀菌素SC 50 mL/667m² 与 0.05% 有机硅助剂15 mL/667m² 组合交替进行防治。

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera) is a significant pest of tomatoes that has undergone a rapid expansion in its range during the past six years and is now present across Europe, North Africa and parts of Asia. One of the main means of controlling this pest is through the use of chemical insecticides. In the current study insecticide bioassays were used to determine the susceptibility of five T. absoluta strains established from field collections from Europe and Brazil to pyrethroids. High levels of resistance to λ cyhalothrin and tau fluvalinate were observed in all five strains tested. To investigate whether pyrethroid resistance was mediated by mutation of the para-type sodium channel in T. absoluta the IIS4-IIS6 region of the para gene, which contains many of the mutation sites previously shown to confer knock down (kdr)-type resistance to pyrethroids across a range of different arthropod species, was cloned and sequenced. This revealed that three kdr/super-kdr-type mutations (M918T, T929I and L1014F), were present at high frequencies within all five resistant strains at known resistance 'hot-spots'. This is the first description of these mutations together in any insect population. High-throughput DNA-based diagnostic assays were developed and used to assess the prevalence of these mutations in 27 field strains from 12 countries. Overall mutant allele frequencies were high (L1014F 0.98, M918T 0.35, T929I 0.60) and remarkably no individual was observed that did not carry kdr in combination with either M918T or T929I. The presence of these mutations at high frequency in T. absoluta populations across much of its range suggests pyrethroids are likely to be ineffective for control and supports the idea that the rapid expansion of this species over the last six years may be in part mediated by the resistance of this pest to chemical insecticides.Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

为探究苏云金芽胞杆菌G033A（Bt G033A）对番茄潜叶蛾不同龄期幼虫的毒力大小及对赤眼蜂寄生番茄潜叶蛾能力的影响，本研究采用浸叶法和饲料混毒法分别对番茄潜叶蛾及三种赤眼蜂进行处理，测定了Bt G033A对番茄潜叶蛾不同龄期幼虫和三种赤眼蜂成虫的室内毒力，同时分析Bt G033A对三种赤眼蜂寄生量及功能反应的影响。结果表明，Bt G033A对番茄潜叶蛾1龄幼虫、2龄幼虫、3龄幼虫、4龄幼虫的LC₅₀分别为25.381、19.537、17.406和15.772 g/L，而对三种赤眼蜂均为低毒。在Bt G033A田间推荐浓度处理后，虽然玉米螟赤眼蜂、螟黄赤眼蜂、松毛虫赤眼蜂对番茄潜叶蛾卵的寄生功能反应模型仍符合Holling Ⅱ型，但三种赤眼蜂的寄生能力均有所降低。其中，玉米螟赤眼蜂在药剂对照组的寄生量（25粒/皿：18.600粒）、处理猎物时间（0.012 d）、控害效能（84.833）、日寄生上限（83.333 粒）和搜寻效应均表明其对番茄潜叶蛾的寄生能力强于螟黄赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂。此外，在药剂处理后，玉米螟赤眼蜂各项寄生参数同样优于其他两种赤眼蜂。因此，玉米螟赤眼蜂可作为番茄潜叶蛾的优选寄生性天敌之一，并可联合Bt G033A对番茄潜叶蛾进行协同防控。

为评价烟碱类杀虫剂与球孢白僵菌的协同关系，明确吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、呋虫胺与白僵菌的相容性及二者复配对高粱蚜虫的杀虫效果，本研究利用生物活性测定方法，分别测定不同浓度的球孢白僵菌（菌株GZGY-1-3）和三种化学农药对高粱蚜虫的致死率。结果表明，不同浓度（ 1.6× 10⁵～1× 10⁹孢子/mL）的球孢白僵菌对蚜虫的校正死亡率为34.22%～89.90%。三种化学农药对高粱蚜虫的杀虫效果由高到低为吡虫啉，呋虫胺，噻虫嗪。通过化学农药和球孢白僵菌的复配，研究农药浓度和复配时间对球孢白僵菌孢子萌发率的影响，评价二者的相容性。结果表明，农药浓度越大，处理时间越长，对孢子萌发影响越大。用推荐农药剂量的1/8和1/10浓度处理后，菌药相容性较好，孢子萌发率均在90%以上。基于前期试验结果，测定菌药联合对蚜虫的杀虫效果。结果表明，菌药复配后的共毒系数均大于80，其对高粱蚜虫的致死率明显增高，表现为相加或者增效作用，其中，球孢白僵菌（ 4× 10⁷孢子/mL）与呋虫胺复配毒力最强，致死率达97.67%，共毒系数为135.37。因此，球孢白僵菌与三种烟碱类化学农药复配，当化学农药浓度稀释8倍以上，混合处理时间不超过4 h，二者的兼容性较好。球孢白僵菌（ 4× 10⁷孢子/mL）与呋虫胺复配效果最佳。