棉田间套复合体系是以提高棉田整体经济效益为目标而发展起来的现代农业种植体系,不仅能有效地缓解粮棉、经棉和果棉争地矛盾,实现棉花与其他作物同步增产增收,还可以作为协调粮食安全与生物多样性保护之间矛盾的有效手段。近年来,棉田间套复合体系越来越受到人们的重视和应用。本文系统总结了棉田间套复合体系提升生态系统服务功能的研究进展,如增加生物多样性、增加系统生产力和经济收益、提高光热利用效率、改善棉花品质、控制病虫草害等。并从地上光热资源和地下根系生态位互补、种间促进作用增加资源有效性、化感作用减轻病虫害最终促进邻居植物生长方面解析其潜在的生态学机制。最后对今后的研究方向进行了展望。

为有效解决传统棉作模式存在的作物间茬口不顺、环节间衔接不畅、产业间技术协同不强等问题，探索适合鲁西南短季棉的栽培模式，以大豆品种齐黄34和棉花品种鲁棉2387为供试材料，设计单作棉花、单作大豆和棉豆间作（二四式、四四式、四六式）5个处理，研究了棉豆间作模式对大豆和棉花生育进程、农艺性状、产量及经济效益等的影响。结果表明：二四式棉豆间作的棉花吐絮早2～5 d，吐絮畅，而且铃大，衣分高，单株结铃增多1.0～2.5个，烂铃较少，2行均为边行，通风透光较好，边行优势明显；二四式棉豆间作的每666.7 m²经济效益最高（625.6元），分别比四四式棉豆间作、四六式棉豆间作、单作大豆、单作棉花高81.3元、106.0元、294.2元、245.1元。综上，二四式棉豆间作模式的复合群体空间分布合理，较为适于鲁西南地区。

高粱以其优异的耐逆性,广泛的适应性,在国家农业产业结构调整中的重要性日益凸显。随着农业生产逐渐走向专用化、机械化,高粱研究也产生了许多新成果。本期《中国农业科学》发表的6篇文章,从高粱的遗传选育理论、育种手段、营养品质特性及栽培生理基础等多方面介绍了近年来国家谷子高粱产业技术体系的高粱研究进展,以期对中国高粱产业发展有所助益。

Alterations of plant architecture in narrow‐row cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using management and genetic strategies to improve light penetration into the canopy may increase crop yields. The objective of this study was to quantify how plant architecture changes affect light penetration into the canopy, yield, and yield components of narrow‐row cotton. The study was conducted on a Glendale clay loam soil (fine montmorillonitic, thermic Typic Torrert). Two field experiments were established on 0.76‐m rows in 1995 and 1996. Treatments consisted of the following plant architecture modifications: pruning leaves throughout the canopy, mechanical topping, trimming of branches, and temporarily opening the canopy during boll production. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception and PPFD penetration into the canopy were measured when the canopy was fully developed. Seed‐cotton yield and yield components by plots, fruiting positions, and strata by four main‐stem node groups were obtained. Early canopy modifications simulating plant characteristics such as reduced plant height, short branches, and modified leaf shape increased light availability at the medium and upper part of the canopy. Modified canopy treatments grown at 97 000 plants ha−1 reached high PPFD interception (90–97%), with leaf area index from 3.7 to 5.2. Treatments to increase light distribution in the canopy while maintaining a high PPFD interception increased seed‐cotton yield by 34% due to a 26% increase in number of bolls per square meter. A canopy light environment improved during the first 3 wk after canopy closure (86–107 d after sowing) increased number of bolls per square meter by 33%.

为完善豫东地区棉花与花生、大豆、甘薯、芝麻、向日葵、糯玉米间作栽培模式，对不同间作模式下棉花农艺、产量性状进行了研究。结果表明，随间作作物株高的增高棉花的生育期延长，株高增高，单株成铃数、铃重、衣分及籽棉产量下降；6种间作模式中，以棉花与花生间作的总产值和纯收入最高，分别为35 844.9 元·hm^-2和16 497.7 元·hm^-2。