浙江省有机肥施用量有逐年增大的趋势，为避免有机肥施用带来的重金属污染等负面效应，在浙江省区域采集2013年春夏两季有机肥料，对畜禽有机肥重金属和养分含量进行研究。结果表明，有机肥中重金属超标现象比较普遍，重金属含量与原料来源和季节有密切的关系。猪粪、牛粪、鸡粪、混合粪便春季样品重金属合格率分别为34.88%，85.00%，78.57%，53.85%；夏季样品分别为67.57%，100%，93.33%，83.33%。不同原料制得的有机肥中，以猪粪有机肥重金属超标最为严重，各重金属元素中又以砷元素超标最为严重，春夏季有机肥的砷超标率分别为58.14%和24.32%。不同季节的有机肥中重金属含量也存在较大差异，春季有机肥的重金属含量高于夏季，其合格率均低于夏季。不同原料的有机肥总养分和有机质含量存在明显差别，以猪粪为原料的有机肥总养分含量最高，以牛粪为原料的有机肥有机质含量最高，夏季有机肥的总养分和有机质含量均高于春季有机肥。春夏两季的有机肥基本都偏碱性。有机肥的重金属和养分含量受畜禽粪便来源、季节变化等因素的影响，长期不合理大量施用可能会带来土壤重金属污染风险，需合理控制施用量和施用时间。

The influence of increasing pig slurry applications on leaching and crop uptake of N and P by cereals was evaluated in a 3-yr study of lysimeters filled with a sandy soil. The slurry was applied at N rates of 50 (S50), 100 (S100), 150 (S150), and 200 (S200) kg ha(-1) during 2 of the 3 yr. The P rates applied with slurry were: 40 (S50), 80 (S100), 120 (S150), and 160 (S200) kg ha(-1) yr(-1). Simultaneously, NH4NO3 and Ca(H2PO4)2 were applied at rates of 100 kg N ha(-1) and 50 kg P ha(-1), respectively, to additional lysimeters (F100), while others were left unfertilized (F0). During the 3-yr period, the leaching load of total N tended to increase with increasing slurry application to, on average, 139 kg ha(-1) at the highest application rate (S200). The corresponding N leaching loads (kg ha(-1)) in the other treatments were: 75 (F0), 103 (F100), 93 (S50), 120 (S100), and 128 (S150). The loads of slurry-derived N in the S100, S150, and S200 treatments were significantly larger (P < 0.05) than those of fertilizer-derived N. In contrast, P leaching tended to decrease with increasing input of slurry, and it was lower in all treatments that received P at or above 50 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1) with slurry or fertilizer than in the unfertilized treatment. The crop use efficiency of added N and P was clearly higher when NH4NO3 and Ca(H2PO4)2 were used rather than slurry (60 vs. 35% for N, 38 vs. 6-9% for P), irrespective of slurry application rate. Therefore, from both a production and water quality point of view, inorganic fertilizers seem to have environmental benefits over pig slurry when used on sandy soils.

\n\nInteractions between biochar, soil, microbes, and plant roots may occur within a short period of time after application to the soil. The extent, rates, and implications of these interactions, however, are far from understood. This review describes the properties of biochars and suggests possible reactions that may occur after the addition of biochars to soil. These include dissolution–precipitation, adsorption–desorption, acid–base, and redox reactions. Attention is given to reactions occurring within pores, and to interactions with roots, microorganisms, and soil fauna. Examination of biochars (from chicken litter, greenwaste, and paper mill sludges) weathered for 1 and 2 years in an Australian Ferrosol provides evidence for some of the mechanisms described in this review and offers an insight to reactions at a molecular scale. These interactions are biochar- and site-specific. Therefore, suitable experimental trials—combining biochar types and different pedoclimatic conditions—are needed to determine the extent to which these reactions influence the potential of biochar as a soil amendment and tool for carbon sequestration.\n

\n Biomass resources have the potential to produce clean-energy. However, their physico-chemical properties are inferior to those of coal, and thus, biomass resources are not regarded as ideal feedstock for industrial application. In the present study, the pyrolysis of corn (maize) straw pellets was performed under different temperatures (400, 450, 500, 550 and 600°C) at a 10°C min\n −1\n heating rate and 30 min residence time, and the characteristics of biochar pellets were carefully investigated, particularly their elemental composition, hydrophobicity and mechanical resistance. Fourier transform infrared, proximate analysis and scanning electron microscopy were performed. Results indicated that the mass and energy yields of the biochar pellets decreased from 35.46 to 28.65% and from 50.17 to 45.52%, respectively, at increased temperature. Meanwhile, the higher heating value of the biochar pellets increased from 15.45 MJ kg\n −1\n in the raw materials to 21.86 and 24.55 MJ kg\n −1\n in the biochar produced at 400 and 600°C, respectively. In addition, biochar pellets showed good hydrophobicity, which benefited their storage and transportation, though mechanical resistance decreased. The pellets had compact structures, regular shapes and weakened or no functional groups in contrast with raw pellets, and these properties played important roles in the improvements.\n

The important challenge for effective management of wastewater sludge materials in an environmentally and economically acceptable way can be addressed through pyrolytic conversion of the sludge to biochar and agricultural applications of the biochar. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of pyrolysis temperature on production of wastewater sludge biochar and evaluate the properties required for agronomic applications. Wastewater sludge collected from an urban wastewater treatment plant was pyrolysed in a laboratory scale reactor. It was found that by increasing the pyrolysis temperature (over the range from 300 °C to 700 °C) the yield of biochar decreased. Biochar produced at low temperature was acidic whereas at high temperature it was alkaline in nature. The concentration of nitrogen was found to decrease while micronutrients increased with increasing temperature. Concentrations of trace metals present in wastewater sludge varied with temperature and were found to primarily enriched in the biochar.Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

生物炭是有机物原料在完全或者部分缺氧条件下, 经过高温热裂解（通常&lt;700 ℃）产生的一类富碳、高度芳香化和稳定性高的有机物质。生物炭为全球气候变化、粮食危机和生态污染修复等提供了综合解决方案。生物炭对土壤物理和化学性质具有明显的改良作用。其多孔特性和比表面积有利于土壤聚集水分、提高孔隙度、降低容重, 从而为植物生长提供良好的环境。同时, 生物炭是酸性土壤一种理想的改良剂。其含有的养分元素可直接输入土壤, 其表面电荷和官能团有利于土壤养分的保留。但是, 生物炭由于受原材料和制备条件的影响, 各研究结论并不一致。综述了生物炭输入对土壤物理和化学性质影响的研究进展, 指出了目前研究存在的不足和需要加强的方面, 从而为生物炭的应用和推广提供一定的思路。

Coexistence is enabled by ecological differentiation of the co-occurring species. One possible mechanism thereby is resource partitioning, where each species utilizes a distinct subset of the most limited resource. This resource partitioning is difficult to investigate using empirical research in nature, as only few species are primarily limited by solely one resource, rather than a combination of multiple factors. One exception are the shell-dwelling hermit crabs, which are known to be limited under natural conditions and in suitable habitats primarily by the availability of gastropod shells. In the present study, we used two co-occurring terrestrial hermit crab species,Coenobita rugosusandC. perlatus, to investigate how resource partitioning is realized in nature and whether it could be a driver of coexistence.

针对设施土壤中长期大量施用有机肥可能造成的土壤磷素过度积累及易流失等问题,本研究拟通过施用生物炭增加土壤中磷的吸附,从而减少磷流失。此外,目前关于在设施土壤中连续施用生物炭对土壤磷素形态和有效性的影响作用尚不清楚。为此,在辣椒大棚中通过长期定位试验,研究连续4茬施用生物炭对土壤有效磷、不同形态磷、磷吸附及释放的影响。结果表明：在每公顷施用15 t猪粪稻草有机肥基础上施用生物炭可显著增加土壤有机碳含量和土壤pH,并显著改变了土壤磷各组分含量,显著增加了NaHCO₃ P_i、NaHCO₃ P_o、Fe/Al-P_i和Ca-P_i含量,且显著降低了Ca-P_o含量。此外,连续4茬施用生物炭还增加了土壤对磷的吸附,从而降低土壤磷的释放。本研究结果说明,在设施土壤中长期大量施用有机肥下结合施用生物炭在保持土壤有效磷供应下可提高土壤磷的吸附,从而降低土壤磷素的流失风险。

Finished compost should be both stable (resistant to decomposition) and mature (ready for a particular end-use) so that it can safely be packaged and transported, and not cause adverse effects during its end use. A variety of methods for evaluating stability and maturity are available; this paper contains a review of the effectiveness of a number of the most commonly used tests, to determine the most reliable approach(es). In the literature reviewed, it was generally agreed that a single, stand-alone test for both compost stability and maturity does not yet exist; therefore, it is best to use a combination of tests. However, there is disagreement in the literature as to what the best combination for evaluation should be, and guidelines and regulations around the world employ a variety of approaches.

In this study, the effects of biochar amendment on swine manure composting performance at temperatures in the -5 °C-15 °C range was investigated. Monitoring result showed biochar addition significantly prolonged thermophilic stage duration to meet harmless standards of livestock manure compost at 5 °C, assisting a seemingly difficult composting to succeed. Additionally, from viewpoint of thermal balance, biochar increased organic matter degradation derived heat from 50.4% to 86.5% and water vaporization heat from 29.6% to 73.5% while decreasing heat exchange by two-fold. Overall, the results presented herein indicated that biochar has potential to play a positive role in amelioration of animal manure composting at relatively low ambient temperature and provide insight into how biochar influences heat generation and flow during composting.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Excessive nutrients and toxic gas emissions from animal manure management are of great global concern, with negative environmental and economic consequences worldwide. Due to biochar recalcitrance and sorption properties, this study investigated the effect of the biochar(BC) derived from bamboo, amendment on swine manure(SM) composting efficiency through physical, physio-chemical, gaseous emissions, microbiological, and phytotoxic analysis during the 56 day process of in-vessel composting. The treatments were set-up from different ratios of biochar to swine manure mixed with sawdust(SD)(i.e. SM + SD + 3%BC(T1), SM:SD + 5 %BC(T2) and SM:SD + 10 %BC (T3)), while treatment without biochar amendment was used as a control, SM:SD(C). The results showed that, compared to the control, biochar amended compost mixtures had significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) bulk density, organic matter(OM), C:N ratio, NH emission, pathogenic microorganisms, and phytotoxicity effect (Cress seed, Lepidium sativum Linn.). On the other hand, biochar amendment mixtures had increased total porosity, water holding capacity, rapid thermophilic temperature, and nitrate nitrogen. However, with the most prominent effects in terms of the nutrient quality and degradation rate of compost mixtures, the amendment of 10% biochar is recommended for swine manure management through the composting process.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Composting is regarded as an effective treatment to suppress pathogenic organisms and stabilize the organic material in sewage sludge. This study investigated the use of biochar as an amendment to improve the composting effectiveness and reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals and loss of nitrogen during composting. Biochar of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% were added into a mixture of sludge and straw, respectively. The use of biochar, even in small amounts, altered the composting process and the properties of the end products. Biochar addition resulted in a higher pile temperature (66°C) and could reduce nitrogen loss by transforming ammonium into nitrite. In the 5% biochar group, the final product from sludge composting, ammonia nitrogen, decreased by 22.4% compared to the control, and nitrate nitrogen increased by 310.6%. Considering temperature and N transformation, the treatment with 5% biochar is suggested for sludge composting.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

To explore the contributions of functional bacterial community in composting, we performed medium-scale composting of sewage sludge and sawdust mixtures amended with rice straw biochar at different dosages (5, 10, and 20% of fresh mixture weight) in 400 L bioreactor systems. The dynamics of enzyme activity and bacterial community composition were monitored during the composting. The addition of biochar above 10% inhibited the activity of protease but promoted the activities of cellulase and peroxidase, which also increased the fluctuation of bacterial diversity during the composting. The relationship between the activity of most enzymes and bacterial community was strengthened by the addition of biochar (10% and 20%), which further enhanced the contributions of the functional bacterial communities to composting. Therefore, the study provides evidence for the promoting effects of biochar on the functions of bacterial community.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Biochar may affect the mineralization rate of labile organic C sources such as manures via microbial community shifts, and subsequently affect nutrient release. In order to ascertain the positive or negative priming effect of biochar on manure, dairy manure (2% by wt.) and a hardwood-based, fast pyrolysis biochar were applied (0%, 1%, 2%, and 10% by wt.) to a calcareous soil. Destructive sampling occurred at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 months to monitor for changes in soil chemistry, water content, microbial respiration, bacterial populations, and microbial community structure. Overall results showed that increasing biochar application rate improved the soil water content, which may be beneficial in limited irrigation or rainfall areas. Biochar application increased soil organic C content and plant-available Fe and Mn, while a synergistic biochar-manure effect increased plant-available Zn. Compared to the other rates, the 10% biochar application lowered concentrations of NO3-N; effects appeared masked at lower biochar rates due to manure application. Over time, soil NO3-N increased likely due to manure N mineralization, yet soil NO3-N in the 10% biochar rate remained lower as compared to other treatments. In the presence of manure, only the 10% biochar application caused subtle microbial community structure shifts by increasing the relative amounts of two fatty acids associated with Gram-negative bacteria and decreasing Gram-positive bacterial fatty acids, each by ∼1%. Our previous findings with biochar alone suggested an overall negative priming effect with increasing biochar application rates, yet when co-applied with manure the negative priming effect was eliminated.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The use of swine manure as a source of plant nutrients is one alternative to synthetic fertilizers. However, conventional manure application with &gt;90% water and a low C:N ratio results in soil C loss to the atmosphere. Our hypothesis was to use biochar as a manure nutrient stabilizer that would slowly release nutrients to plants upon biochar-swine manure mixture application to soil. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of biochar-treated swine manure on soil total C, N, and plant-available macro- and micronutrients in greenhouse-cultivated corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Neutral pH red oak (RO), highly alkaline autothermal corn stover (HAP), and mild acidic Fe-treated autothermal corn stover (HAPE) biomass were pyrolyzed to prepare biochars. Each biochar was surface-applied to swine manure at a 1:4 (biochar wt/manure wt) ratio to generate mixtures of manure and respective biochars (MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE). Conventional manure (M) control and manure-biochar mixtures were then applied to the soil at a recommended rate. Corn and soybean were grown under these controls and treatments (S, M, MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE) to evaluate the manure-biochar impact on soil quality, plant biomass yield, and nutrient uptake. Soil organic matter significantly (&lt;0.05) increased in all manure-biochar treatments; however, no change in soil pH or total N was observed under any treatment. No difference in soil ammonium between treatments was identified. There was a significant decrease in soil Mehlich3 (M3) P and KCl extractable soil NO3− for all manure-biochar treatments compared to the conventional M. However, the plant biomass nutrient concentrations were not significantly different from control manure. Moreover, an increasing trend of plant total N and decreasing trend of P in the plant under all biochar-manure treatments than the controls were noted. This observation suggests that the presence of biochar is capable of influencing the soil N and P in such a way as not to lose those nutrients at the early growth stages of the plant. In general, no statistical difference in corn or soybean biomass yield and plant nutrient uptake for N, P, and K was observed. Interestingly, manure-biochar application to soil significantly diluted the M3 extractable soil Cu and Zn concentrations. The results attribute that manure-biochar has the potential to be a better soil amendment than conventional manure application to the soil.

A large body of literature is available on wound healing in humans. Nonetheless, a standardized ex vivo wound model without disruption of the dermal compartment has not been put forward with compelling justification. Here, we present a novel wound model based on application of negative pressure and its effects for epidermal regeneration and immune cell behaviour. Importantly, the basement membrane remained intact after blister roof removal and keratinocytes were absent in the wounded area. Upon six days of culture, the wound was covered with one to three-cell thick K14+Ki67+ keratinocyte layers, indicating that proliferation and migration were involved in wound closure. After eight to twelve days, a multi-layered epidermis was formed expressing epidermal differentiation markers (K10, filaggrin, DSG-1, CDSN). Investigations about immune cell-specific manners revealed more T cells in the blister roof epidermis compared to normal epidermis. We identified several cell populations in blister roof epidermis and suction blister fluid that are absent in normal epidermis which correlated with their decrease in the dermis, indicating a dermal efflux upon negative pressure. Together, our model recapitulates the main features of epithelial wound regeneration, and can be applied for testing wound healing therapies and investigating underlying mechanisms.

试验选择在南京市八卦洲街道芦蒿种植区进行，研究生物质炭、有机肥以及生物质炭有机肥混施对芦蒿产量和土壤性质的影响。试验包括5个处理：（1）对照(CK)；（2）生物质炭用量22.5 t/hm2 (CB)；（3）有机肥用量22.5 t/hm2 (CM)；（4）生物质炭用量22.5 t/hm2 有机肥用量22.5 t/hm2 (CBM)；（5）生物质炭用量11.25 t/hm2 有机肥用量11.25 t/hm2 (CBM1/2)，采用随机区组设计。研究结果显示，单独施用生物质炭(CB)或有机肥施(CM)用对芦蒿生物量、产量及根系生物量均没有显著影响。CB处理下土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷和速效钾分别比CK提高了32%、7%、16%和80%，而土壤pH和电导率无显著变化。单独施用有机肥(CM)处理下土壤全氮和速效磷含量分别比CK提高了12%和16%，而对土壤pH、有机碳、速效钾和电导率没有显著影响。生物质炭和有机肥配合施用(CBM)提高了土壤有机碳、全氮和速效钾含量。当生物质炭和有机肥量由CBM减少到CBM1/2，不仅土壤有机碳、全氮和速效钾，速效磷的含量也有所提高。本研究结果表明，尽管生物质炭和有机肥施用均显著提高了土壤肥力，但对芦蒿生物量、产量及根系生物量均没有显著影响，说明土壤肥力水平不是限制南京市八卦洲地区芦蒿生产的主要因素。

Biochar (BC) is a material that finds many applications in agriculture and environmental activities. The aim of the study was to define the influence of biochar produced from various organic materials: mellow compost (MC), stabilized municipal sewage sludge (MSS), pine sawdust (PS), sycamore sawdust (SS) and oak leaves (OL) on soil enzyme activity, as well as its relations with carbon and nitrogen content. After a 60-day incubation of soil and BC, the activity of dehydrogenases (DEH), catalase (CAT), alkaline (AlP) and acid (AcP) phosphatases was investigated. The basic parameters of soil were also determined: TOC, TN, DOM, pH in H2O, available phosphorus (AP). The highest AP content was obtained in the S + MSS, S + OL and S + MC variants. Enzyme activity was highest in soil with MSS BC, regardless of incubation time. After 60 days, the activity of soil enzymes was inhibited. The obtained results indicate that the response of enzymatic activity to biochar depends on the feedstock material and the incubation time. When using BC as an exogenous matter, it is necessary to determine the TOC/TN ratio. For the very wide range of this parameter, supplemental nitrogen fertilization or mixtures of different biochars should be applied.

采用田间试验,研究了不施肥、施用生物有机肥、传统有机肥和化肥对猕猴桃土壤酶活性、微生物群落结构及其代谢的影响.结果表明: 施用生物有机肥在猕猴桃生育期内可显著提高土壤蔗糖酶和荧光素二乙酸酯水解酶活性,分别比对照高出12.2%～129.4%、18.8%～87.4%.施用生物有机肥在膨大期和成熟期的土壤脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于其他处理.Biolog微平板法测定结果表明,生物有机肥在猕猴桃生育期内提高了土壤微生物的平均每孔颜色变化率,增加了物种多样性、丰富度和均匀度,改变了微生物对6大类碳源的相对利用率,降低了微生物对氨基酸类碳源的相对利用能力,提高了微生物对多酚类和多胺类碳源的相对利用能力;主成分分析表明,对土壤中微生物起分异作用的碳源种类主要是糖类、氨基酸类和羧酸类.

【目的】研究生物炭和生物有机肥处理对平邑甜茶根系及微生物功能多样性等指标的影响，为果园可持续发展提供参考依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验，添加生物炭和生物有机肥处理，分析不同生物炭和生物有机肥处理对植株根系、土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响。【结果】施用生物有机肥和生物炭均可增加细吸收根量、细吸收根面积、土壤和根际可培养微生物量，提高土壤FDA酶活性和土壤微生物多样性，二者联合施用效果最佳。生物炭处理对细吸收根面积的改善效果优于生物有机肥处理，对土壤微生物多样性的改善效果则不如生物有机肥处理；10%生物肥+6%生物炭、10%生物肥+3%生物炭处理细吸收根面积分别是CK的6.6和10倍，10%生物肥处理是CK的2.5 倍，6%和3%生物炭处理是CK的3.3和3.1倍，生物炭和生物有机肥处理土壤细菌数量为CK土壤的3.32&mdash;10.23倍，放线菌数量为CK土壤的1.2&mdash;1.97倍，真菌数量为CK土壤的3.24&mdash;5.26倍，根际放线菌数量在生物有机肥处理后最高，根际真菌数量则在3%生物炭处理后最高。【结论】增加土壤炭可以增加植株根系、土壤微生物多样性，有利于土壤肥力的保持和农业的可持续发展。

The Songnen Plain, whose climatic conditions are perfectly suited to sugar beet growth, is located in northeastern China. Unfortunately, this region has a lot of saline-alkaline land, which is the most important factor limiting sugar beet production. This study was undertaken to determine whether biochar-based organic fertilizer could alleviate the negative effect of saline-alkaline soil on sugar beet yield and whether such an effect correlated with changes in nitrogen assimilation, antioxidant system, root activity, and photosynthesis. Three treatments were established: Chemical fertilizers were applied to neutral soil (CK), chemical fertilizers were applied to saline-alkaline soil (SA), and biochar-based organic fertilizer was applied to saline-alkaline soil (SA + B). Our results showed that saline-alkaline stress significantly inhibited the nitrogen assimilation and antioxidant enzymes activities in root, root activity, and photosynthesis, thus significantly reducing the yield and sugar content of sugar beet. Under saline-alkaline conditions, the application of biochar-based organic fertilizer improved the activities of nitrogen assimilation enzymes in the root; at the same time, the antioxidant enzymes activities of the root were significantly increased for improving root activity in this treatment. Moreover, the application of biochar-based organic fertilizer could improve the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, PSII (Photosystem II) activity, stomatal opening, and photosynthesis of sugar beet under saline-alkaline conditions. Hence, the growth and yield of sugar beet were improved by applying biochar-based organic fertilizer to saline-alkaline soil. These results proved the significance of biochar-based organic fertilizer in alleviating the negative effect of saline-alkaline stress on sugar beet. The results obtained in the pot experiment may not be viable in field conditions. Therefore, in the future, we will verify whether biochar-based organic fertilizer could alleviate the adverse effects of saline-alkaline stress on sugar beets yield under field conditions.

Carbon-rich biochar derived from the pyrolysis of biomass can sequester atmospheric CO, mitigate climate change, and potentially increase crop productivity. However, research is needed to confirm the suitability and sustainability of biochar application to different soils. To an irrigated calcareous soil, we applied stockpiled dairy manure (42 Mg ha dry wt) and hardwood-derived biochar (22.4 Mg ha), singly and in combination with manure, along with a control, yielding four treatments. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied when needed (based on preseason soil test N and crop requirements) in all plots and years, with N mineralized from added manure included in this determination. Available soil nutrients (NH-N; NO-N; Olsen P; and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-extractable K, Mg, Na, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe), total C (TC), total N (TN), total organic C (TOC), and pH were evaluated annually, and silage corn nutrient concentration, yield, and uptake were measured over two growing seasons. Biochar treatment resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in available soil Mn and a 1.4-fold increase in TC and TOC, whereas manure produced a 1.2- to 1.7-fold increase in available nutrients (except Fe), compared with controls. In 2009 biochar increased corn silage B concentration but produced no yield increase; in 2010 biochar decreased corn silage TN (33%), S (7%) concentrations, and yield (36%) relative to controls. Manure produced a 1.3-fold increase in corn silage Cu, Mn, S, Mg, K, and TN concentrations and yield compared with the control in 2010. The combined biochar-manure effects were not synergistic except in the case of available soil Mn. In these calcareous soils, biochar did not alter pH or availability of P and cations, as is typically observed for acidic soils. If the second year results are representative, they suggest that biochar applications to calcareous soils may lead to reduced N availability, requiring additional soil N inputs to maintain yield targets.Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.