In order to explore the effect of UV radiation exposure on the main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco, the UV radiation data of 8 tobacco automatic stations in Shiyan area in recent 10 years were used to analyze the correlation degree of the main chemical components of tobacco leaves in different parts of each tobacco planting area. The results showed that: (1) the UV radiation exposure in the field stage and each growth stage in the tobacco planting areas of Fangxian and Zhuxi Counties showed an increasing trend; in the tobacco-growing areas of Zhushan County and Yunxi County, the UV radiation exposure in the field stage showed a decreasing trend with the interannual variation, and the decrease was more obvious in the field stage and various growth stages in the tobacco-growing areas of Zhushan County, mainly in the flourishing and mature stages. (2) The contents and ratios of the main chemical components of tobacco leaves in different tobacco planting areas were unstable, the coefficient of variation was different, and there was a large spatial difference. (3) UV radiation exposure was closely related to some major chemical components of tobacco leaves. Among which, UV radiation exposure was positively correlated with nicotine content, and negatively correlated with total nitrogen content and potassium content; the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and chlorine were less affected by UV radiation exposure. In this paper, the relationship between UV radiation exposure and the main chemical components of tobacco was discussed through the analysis of the influence of UV radiation exposure on the chemical composition of tobacco leaves, which provided a scientific basis for the quality identification of tobacco leaves, and provided a reference for the regional positioning and production area layout of high-quality characteristic tobacco leaves.