旨在明确引起阿坝藏族羌族自治州茂县花椒根腐病的病原菌种类,为科学有效防治该病提供理论参考。以采自茂县的花椒根腐病病根为材料,通过组织分离法、致病性测定、形态学观察与基于核糖体转录间隔区序列(ITS)和延长因子基因(tef1)的分子鉴定相结合进行病原菌的分离鉴定。结果表明,病原菌菌丝初为灰白色,后为兰褐色或紫红色。大型分生孢子为镰刀形,小型分生孢子呈肾形。分子鉴定结果显示,该病原菌在基于ITS和tef1序列构建的系统发育进化树上与腐皮镰孢菌类群处于同一分支。根据形态学和分子鉴定结果,将引起四川茂县花椒根腐病的病原菌鉴定为腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)。

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) is an important crop plant that accounts for 30% of the world's sugar production annually. The genus Beta is a distant relative of currently sequenced taxa within the core eudicotyledons; the genomic characterization of sugar beet is essential to make its genome accessible to molecular dissection. Here, we present comprehensive genomic information in genetic and physical maps that cover all nine chromosomes. Based on this information we identified the proposed ancestral linkage groups of rosids and asterids within the sugar beet genome. We generated an extended genetic map that comprises 1127 single nucleotide polymorphism markers prepared from expressed sequence tags and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences. To construct a genome-wide physical map, we hybridized gene-derived oligomer probes against two BAC libraries with 9.5-fold cumulative coverage of the 758 Mbp genome. More than 2500 probes and clones were integrated both in genetic maps and the physical data. The final physical map encompasses 535 chromosomally anchored contigs that contains 8361 probes and 22 815 BAC clones. By using the gene order established with the physical map, we detected regions of synteny between sugar beet (order Caryophyllales) and rosid species that involves 1400-2700 genes in the sequenced genomes of Arabidopsis, poplar, grapevine, and cacao. The data suggest that Caryophyllales share the palaeohexaploid ancestor proposed for rosids and asterids. Taken together, we here provide extensive molecular resources for sugar beet and enable future high-resolution trait mapping, gene identification, and cross-referencing to regions sequenced in other plant species.© 2011 The Authors. The Plant Journal © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

为探究外源抗坏血酸（AsA）对铜（Cu）胁迫下菊苣幼苗生长的缓解效应，本研究以普那菊苣为试验材料，采用溶液培养法研究外源AsA对50 μmol·L^-1 Cu 胁迫下菊苣幼苗的生长、Cu积累和生理特性的影响。结果表明，50 μmol·L^-1 Cu胁迫严重抑制了菊苣幼苗的叶绿素含量、光合作用和生物量的积累，加剧了细胞膜脂质过氧化程度，降低了抗氧化酶（SOD、POD、CAT、APX）活性以及可溶性蛋白含量。外源AsA降低了根系对Cu的吸收和转运，缓解了Cu胁迫对菊苣幼苗的伤害，具体表现为根系、茎叶及总干物质量提高；减少了光合色素（叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素以及类胡萝卜素）的降解，提高了光合作用参数；降低脂质过氧化对细胞膜的损伤；提高了抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量以及内源AsA含量。总之，外源AsA通过提高Cu胁迫下菊苣幼苗光合作用特征、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质的含量，缓解了Cu胁迫对菊苣幼苗生长的毒害作用。该结果为外源AsA应用于缓解植物Cu毒害及丰富菊苣耐Cu机制提供依据。

L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a major antioxidant in plants and plays a significant role in mitigation of excessive cellular reactive oxygen species activities caused by number of abiotic stresses. Plant ascorbate levels change differentially in response to varying environmental stress conditions, depending on the degree of stress and species sensitivity. Successful modulation of ascorbate biosynthesis through genetic manipulation of genes involved in biosynthesis, catabolism and recycling of ascorbate has been achieved. Recently, role of ascorbate in alleviating number of abiotic stresses has been highlighted in crop plants. In this article, we discuss the current understanding of ascorbate biosynthesis and its antioxidant role in order to increase our comprehension of how ascorbate helps plants to counteract or cope with various abiotic stresses.

为探讨外源抗坏血酸（AsA）对水稻的抗铝性能的影响,以‘滇优35号’（杂交稻,粳稻）为试验材料,采用溶液培养法研究外源AsA对铝胁迫下水稻根尖H₂O₂、内源AsA、GSH、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量及抗氧化酶活性等生理生化指标的影响。结果显示,与对照相比,铝胁迫导致水稻根尖可溶性蛋白和内源AsA含量减少,而MDA和H₂O₂含量,SOD、POD、APX和CAT活性,GSH及脯氨酸含量增加;外源AsA可增强铝胁迫水稻根尖的脯氨酸及可溶性蛋白等含量,内源AsA、GSH含量及SOD、POD、APX、CAT活性,而降低MDA和H₂O₂含量。表明外源AsA通过调控抗氧化酶活性,提高渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化物质含量来降低H₂O₂的积累,从而缓解铝胁迫下水稻质膜氧化程度,增强水稻的抗铝性能。