Effects of AM Fungi on Carotenoids and Flavonoids in Mulberry Trees

DU Nianzhi

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0459

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Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11) : 90-99. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0459

Effects of AM Fungi on Carotenoids and Flavonoids in Mulberry Trees

DU Nianzhi

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Abstract

This study explores the effects of inoculating three types of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the growth and development, and active compound production of mulberry trees in non-sterilized soil. Using the 'TeYou No. 2' mulberry variety as material and natural soil as the substrate, we conducted a pot experiment with four treatments: a control group (CK), and inoculations with Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CE), Funneliformis mosseae (FM), and Rhizophagus intraradices (RI). After 120 days, data on mulberry biomass, leaf carotenoids, and flavonoids were collected. The results revealed that, compared to the control group, root fresh weights increased by 57.57%, 81.92%, and 90.03% for CE, FM, and RI inoculations, respectively, while root dry weights rose by 24.10%, 47.65%, and 72.58%. The net photosynthetic rates for CE, FM, and RI increased by 20.73%, 4.22%, and 25.41%, respectively, and carotenoid content grew by 28.57%, 28.57%, and 35.71%. The average flavonoid content in leaves for CE, FM, and RI was 4.23 mg/g, 3.31 mg/g, and 3.85 mg/g, all exceeding the control group’s 2.55 mg/g. Inoculation with AM fungi in non-sterilized soil positively impacted mulberry growth, enhanced root development, increased active compound accumulation in leaves, and fostered a beneficial symbiotic relationship with the mulberry trees.

Key words

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi / mulberry / root / non-sterilized / growth and development / flavonoid / symbiotic relationship / carotenoid

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DU Nianzhi. Effects of AM Fungi on Carotenoids and Flavonoids in Mulberry Trees[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2025, 41(11): 90-99 https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0459

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Cited in this article [1] Abstract

【目的】研究不同基质条件下桑树接种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌后的生长情况,以筛选适合桑树育苗的基质和AM真菌种类,为桑树的生态和经济产业发展提供技术支撑。【方法】采用Ga(聚丛球囊霉Glomus aggregatum)、Gc(苏格兰球囊霉Glomus caledonium)、Gi(根内球囊霉 Glomus intraradices)、Gv(地表球囊霉 Glomus versiforme)、BGCH(透光球囊霉Glomus diaphanum BGC HEB07A)、BGCX(幼套球囊霉Glomus etunicatum BGC XJ03C)6种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM真菌),设置P1(牛粪、菇渣、珍珠岩、黄心土体积比6.0:3.0:0.5:0.5)、P2(牛粪、菇渣、珍珠岩、黄心土体积比6:2:1:1)、P3(黄心土)3种基质配比,研究不同基质条件下接种AM真菌对桑树生长情况的影响。【结果】Gc、BGCX和BGCH 3种AM真菌对桑树根系的侵染率最高,且基质P1中的侵染率显著高于P2和P3; 接种Gc和BGCH桑树种子的发芽率最高,且在基质P1中表现更好; 接种AM真菌桑树的株高、地径、根系表面积、根系总长度、根尖数量和根系生物量均显著高于未接种的桑树,以Gc、Gv和BGCH 3种效果最好,且在基质P1中表现更好; 接种AM真菌桑树的净光合速率、水分利用效率、PSⅡ(光系统Ⅱ)最大光化学效率、PSⅡ天线转化效率、实际原初光化学效率、光合电子传递速率等参数值均显著高于未接菌种的桑树,总体上以Gc、Gv和BGCH 3种效果最好,且在基质P1中表现更好。【结论】AM真菌促进了桑树的生长,以Gc和BGCH 两种最优,且以基质P1最佳。

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12466919

Cited in this article [1] Abstract

The effects of soil inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and a mycorrhiza helper bacterium (MHB) were investigated on mulberry and papaya plants already established in the field. Ten-year-old mulberry plants (var. M5) were inoculated with Glomus fasciculatum and 1.5-year-old papaya plants (var. Solo) were inoculated with a mixed culture of G. mosseae and G. caledonium with or without Bacillus coagulans at two levels of P fertilizer. Growth, P uptake, yield and AM colonization levels were monitored. Leaf yield in mulberry and fruit yield in papaya were minimal in uninoculated plants given 50% recommended P. However, crop yields of both mulberry and papaya inoculated with AM fungi alone or together with the bacterium and given 50% recommended P were statistically on a par with that of uninoculated plants given 100% recommended P. As inoculation of B. coagulans increased mycorrhiza levels in AM fungal-inoculated plants, this may be included in the class of MHB. Thus, mulberry and papaya already established in the field may respond to AM inoculation and MHB may increase symbiosis development by efficient AM fungi.

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https://doi.org/10.1021/jf202445y

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21913649

Cited in this article [1] Abstract

The improvement of the nutritional quality of lettuce by its association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been recently reported in a previous study. The aim of this research was to evaluate if the fertilization with three P sources differing in water solubility affects the effectiveness of AMF for improving lettuce growth and nutritional quality. The application of either water-soluble P sources (Hewitt's solution and single superphosphate) or the water-insoluble (WI) fraction of a "rhizosphere-controlled fertilizer" did not exert negative effects on the establishment of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. AMF improved lettuce growth and nutritional quality. Nevertheless, the effect was dependent on the source of P and cultivar. Batavia Rubia Munguía (green cultivar) benefited more than Maravilla de Verano (red cultivar) in terms of mineral nutrients, total soluble sugars, and ascorbate contents. The association of lettuce with AMF resulted in greater quantities of anthocyanins in plants fertilized with WI, carotenoids when plants received either Hewitt's solution or WI, and phenolics regardless of the P fertilizer applied.

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