积极开发利用盐碱水域资源是有效拓展水产养殖空间的重要举措。本文介绍了我国盐碱水渔业的发展现状与取得的主要经验，分析了未来我国盐碱水渔业发展面临的主要问题，并从资源评价与利用、生态系统构建、耐盐碱新品种培育、高效健康养殖、生态效益评价和信息共享平台建设六大方面提出了盐碱水渔业科技创新的重点任务；同时，针对政府和企业在推动盐碱水可持续渔业发展中的不同作用与定位提出了相应的支撑保障与政策建议。

2015年7月—2016年6月每月在长江口盐沼湿地采集潮沟、光滩和盐沼（以海三棱藨草为主）三种亚生境的大型底栖动物样本，分析其群落组成和多样性差异。结果表明：共采集到大型底栖动物21种，隶属4门、5纲、15科，以软甲纲（7种）和多毛纲（4种）种类较多；潮沟和盐沼亚生境的优势种无差异；盐沼底栖动物物种数最高，潮沟次之，光滩物种数最低；盐沼底栖动物的密度和生物量均高于其他2种亚生境；三种亚生境的大型底栖动物密度两两间差异显著（P<0.05），而生物量无显著差异（P>0.05）；盐沼底栖动物群落的Shannon多样性指数最高（1.08），光滩次之（1.03），而潮沟最低（0.63）；光滩底栖动物群落的Simpson物种丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数值均高于潮沟和盐沼，反映光滩底栖动物群落种类密度的分布相比其他2种亚生境较为均匀；通过群落聚类和非度量多维标度分析发现，盐沼和潮沟亚生境的大型底栖动物群落结构较为相似，而与光滩差异较大，引起两者差异的主要贡献种是谭氏泥蟹、河蚬、背蚓虫等。

Microplastics (MP) and microcystins (MCs) are two co-occurring pollutants in freshwater ecosystems that pose significant risks to aquatic organisms and human health. This study investigates the interactions between MP and MCs and their effects on the metabolic responses of freshwater aquaculture. Asian clams have been used as an indicator of microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems. The present study investigates metabolic responses of Asian clams during microplastic and microcystin-LR stress to identify health impacts and elucidate mechanistic effects of external stressors on Asian clams. A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to identify metabolic perturbations and histological section technique was used to assess changes of tissues from different Asian clam treatment groups. The results showed significantly pathological changes in the gills and hepatopancreas in experimental clam compared to control (healthy) clam. Metabolomics revealed alterations of many metabolites in the hepatopancreas of six Asian clam comparison groups, reflecting perturbations in several molecular pathways, including energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein degradation/tissue damage, and oxidative stress. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding the interactions between MP and MCs and the need for proactive measures to safeguard freshwater ecosystems and human health.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Water produced during coal bed natural gas (CBNG) extraction in the Powder River Structural Basin of Wyoming and Montana (USA) may contain concentrations of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) of more than 3000 mg/L. The authors evaluated the acute toxicity of NaHCO3, also expressed as bicarbonate (HCO3(-)), to 13 aquatic organisms. Of the 13 species tested, 7 had a median lethal concentration (LC50) less than 2000 mg/L NaHCO3, or 1300 mg/L HCO3(-). The most sensitive species were Ceriodaphnia dubia, freshwater mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea), pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus), and shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus). The respective LC50s were 989 mg/L, 1120 mg/L, 1249 mg/L, and 1430 mg/L NaHCO3, or 699 mg/L, 844 mg/L, 831 mg/L, and 1038 mg/L HCO3(-). Age affected the sensitivity of fathead minnows, even within life stage. Two days posthatch, fathead minnows were more sensitive to NaHCO3 and HCO3(-) compared with 4-d-old fish, even though fish up to 14 d old are commonly used for toxicity evaluations. The authors recommend that ion toxicity exposures be conducted with organisms less than 24 h posthatch to ensure that experiments document the most sensitive stage of development. The results of the present study, along with historical and current research regarding the toxicity of bicarbonate, may be useful to establish regulatory standards for HCO3(-). This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.© 2014 SETAC.

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is the principal salt in coal bed natural gas produced water from the Powder River Structural Basin, Wyoming, USA, and concentrations of up to 3000 mg NaHCO3/L have been documented at some locations. No adequate studies have been performed to assess the chronic effects of NaHCO3 exposure. The present study was initiated to investigate the chronic toxicity and define sublethal effects at the individual organism level to explain the mechanisms of NaHCO3 toxicity. Three chronic experiments were completed with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), 1 with white suckers (Catostomus commersoni), 1 with Ceriodaphnia dubia, and 1 with a freshwater mussel, (Lampsilis siliquoidea). The data demonstrated that approximately 500 mg NaHCO3/L to 1000 mg NaHCO3/L affected all species of experimental aquatic animals in chronic exposure conditions. Freshwater mussels were the least sensitive to NaHCO3 exposure, with a 10-d inhibition concentration that affects 20% of the sample population (IC20) of 952 mg NaHCO3/L. The IC20 for C. dubia was the smallest, at 359 mg NaHCO3/L. A significant decrease in sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na(+)/K(+) ATPase) together with the lack of growth effects suggests that Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity was shut down before the onset of death. Several histological anomalies, including increased incidence of necrotic cells, suggested that fish were adversely affected as a result of exposure to >450 mg NaHCO3/L. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.© 2014 SETAC.