Research Progress on Effects of Land Cover Measures on Soil Water &amp; Temperature, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Crop Growth in China

CHEN Xinmin; XIAO Dengpan; LU Yang

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0595

PDF(1199 KB)

Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12) : 53-60. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0595

Research Progress on Effects of Land Cover Measures on Soil Water & Temperature, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Crop Growth in China

Author information +

History +

Abstract

The study aims to investigate the impact of land cover measures on soil water and temperature, greenhouse gas emissions, and crop growth and yield in agricultural production, with the goal of providing scientific guidance for farmland surface management. Based on the study of different land cover managements and their effects, the study reviewed the effects of three typical land cover measures (straw mulching, plastic mulching and green manure) on soil water and heat, greenhouse gas emissions, and crop growth. The results showed that: (1) straw mulching and plastic mulching effectively regulated soil water and temperature. (2) Straw mulching increased greenhouse gas emissions due to its decay, while plastic mulching facilitated the formation of anaerobic environments, leading to an increase in CH₄emissions. (3) Both straw mulching and plastic mulching regulated soil water temperature to promote crop growth, primarily by increasing production. Additionally, straw mulching and green manure provided more nutrients for crop growth, improved soil fertility, and enhanced crop characteristics and quality. On the whole, the study concluded that reasonable land cover measures had positively affected soil fertility, crop yield and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. These measures helped to protect soil moisture content, improve soil quality, promote crop growth, and increase crop yield, which were crucial for achieving the goals of agricultural land cultivation, quality and efficiency improvement, and green development.

Key words

land cover measures / straw mulching / plastic mulching / green manure

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

CHEN Xinmin , XIAO Dengpan , LU Yang. Research Progress on Effects of Land Cover Measures on Soil Water & Temperature, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Crop Growth in China[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2025, 41(12): 53-60 https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0595

References

List( Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within ) Chart analysis

[1]

邓远远, 朱俊峰. 保护性耕作技术采纳的增产与稳产效应[J]. 资源科学, 2023, 45(10):2050-2063.

https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2023.10.10

Cited in this article [1] Abstract

【目的】保护性耕作是促进耕地可持续集约化利用、应对气候变化和助推粮食生产方式转型的重要途径。准确评估保护性耕作技术采纳对粮食生产的影响，不仅可为推进保护性耕作“提质扩面”提供经验证据，还对保障粮食安全具有重要的现实意义。【方法】基于2019年全国14省粮食种植户调研数据，利用内生转换回归模型，在反事实框架下考察保护性耕作技术采纳对粮食增产和稳产的影响，及其在区域、熟制、技术组合方面的异质性。【结果】①保护性耕作技术采纳在增加粮食产出的同时降低了粮食产出风险，体现出显著的增产与稳产效应。基于反事实假设，采纳农户若未采纳保护性耕作技术，其亩均粮食产出将下降3.4%，产出风险将增加17.5%。②保护性耕作技术采纳的增产与稳产效应存在异质性。保护性耕作技术采纳对东部地区农户粮食产出的提升强度大于对中西部地区，且仅能降低东部地区农户的粮食产出风险；相比于一年两熟及以上熟制，一年一熟制农户采纳保护性耕作技术未能增加粮食产出，反而加剧了粮食产出风险。③保护性耕作技术存在集成采纳效应，秸秆还田+深松或免耕直播组合技术的增产与稳产效应优于单独采纳秸秆还田技术。【结论】农户采纳保护性耕作技术可以缓解耕地资源约束带来的粮食安全压力，但需要与其相匹配的区域要素禀赋、制度环境和技术生态环境作为支撑。因此，应提升保护性耕作技术推广、服务和研发能力，增强保护性耕作技术的适用性和稳定性，尽快建立起配套制度及政策体系，以充分发挥保护性耕作技术在促进粮食安全效应提升中的作用。

[2]	GAN Y T, SIDDIQUE K, TURNER N, et al. Chapter seven - ridge-furrow mulching systems—an innovative technique for boosting crop productivity in semiarid rain-fed environments[J]. Advances in agronomy, 2013, 118:429-476. Cited in this article [2]

[3]	CHEN B Q, LIU E K, TIAN Q Z, et al. Soil nitrogen dynamics and crop residues. a review[J]. Agronomy for sustainable development, 2014, 34(2):429-442. Cited in this article [1]

[4]	朱子慧. 小麦秸秆覆盖对土壤改良、温室气体排放和蔬菜产量的效应[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2023. Cited in this article [1]

[5]	QIN X L, HUANG T T, LU C, et al. Benefits and limitations of straw mulching and incorporation on maize yield, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Agricultural water management, 2021, 256:107128. Cited in this article [4]

[6]	TIWARI K, SING A, MAL P. Effect of drip irrigation on yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) under mulch and non-mulch conditions[J]. Agricultural water management, 2003, 58(1):19-28. Cited in this article [1]

[7]	GAO H H, YAN C R, LIU Q, et al. Effects of plastic mulching and plastic residue on agricultural production: A meta-analysis[J]. Science of the total environment, 2019, 651:484-492. Cited in this article [3]

[8]	杨兵丽, 李文平, 王建军, 等. 白膜和黑膜覆盖对黄绵土保水调温的效应[J]. 土壤与作物, 2021, 10(1):60-66. Cited in this article [1]

[9]

隋鑫, 霍海南, 鲍雪莲, 等. 覆盖作物的种植现状及其对下茬作物生长和土壤环境影响的研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(8):2666-2674.

https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202108.027

Cited in this article [1] Abstract

覆盖作物指的是在农业生产间隙种植,使土壤在时间或空间上减少或避免裸露的一种作物。其能使农田土壤免受风蚀、水蚀和人为扰动的影响,被认为是一种新型的保护性耕作方式。本文简要介绍了农田覆盖作物的种植管理情况,包括种植品种、耕作模式和绿肥作物的灭生还田方式等,可为推广覆盖作物在农田休闲期的高效大面积种植提供参考。基于国内外研究综述了绿肥种植对经济作物、土壤质量、杂草抑制、温室气体排放和土壤微生物等的影响及研究进展,阐明了覆盖作物对农田生态系统的诸多益处。尽管覆盖作物存在局限性,例如短期收益不明显、管理措施不当会造成作物减产等,但其在改善土壤质量、实现农业可持续发展方面仍然具有重要的应用价值。

[10]	李子双, 廉晓娟, 王薇, 等. 我国绿肥的研究进展[J]. 草业科学, 2013, 30(7):1135-1140. Cited in this article [2]

[11]	ADIL M, ZHANG C, YAO Z J, et al. Interactive effects of intercropping and mulching under conservation tillage as sustainable agriculture increased cotton productivity[J]. Frontiers in ecology and evolution, 2023, 10:1-7. Cited in this article [1]

[12]	陈广周. 秸秆覆盖条件下施肥深度对旱作夏玉米农田资源利用及增产效应的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2022. Cited in this article [1]

[13]

CAO

J S

, LIU

C M

, ZHANG

W J

, et al. Effect of integrating straw into agricultural soils on soil infiltration and evaporation[J]. Water science and technology, 2012, 65(12):2213-2218.

https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.140

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22643418

Cited in this article [1] Abstract

Soil water movement is a critical consideration for crop yield in straw-integrated fields. This study used an indoor soil column experiment to determine soil infiltration and evaporation characteristics in three forms of direct straw-integrated soils (straw mulching, straw mixing and straw inter-layering). Straw mulching is covering the land surface with straw. Straw mixing is mixing straw with the top 10 cm surface soil. Then straw inter-layering is placing straw at the 20 cm soil depth. There are generally good correlations among the mulch integration methods at p < 0.05, and with average errors/biases <10%. Straw mixing exhibited the best effect in terms of soil infiltration, followed by straw mulching. Due to over-burden weight-compaction effect, straw inter-layering somehow retarded soil infiltration. In terms of soil water evaporation, straw mulching exhibited the best effect. This was followed by straw mixing and then straw inter-layering. Straw inter-layering could have a long-lasting positive effect on soil evaporation as it limited the evaporative consumption of deep soil water. The responses of the direct straw integration modes to soil infiltration and evaporation could lay the basis for developing efficient water-conservation strategies. This is especially useful for water-scarce agricultural regions such as the arid/semi-arid regions of China.

[14]	胡亚瑾, 吴淑芳, 冯浩, 等. 覆盖方式对夏玉米土壤水分和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2015, 36(6):699-708. Cited in this article [1]

[15]	QIN W, HU C S, OENEMA O. Soil mulching significantly enhances yields and water and nitrogen use efficiencies of maize and wheat: a meta-analysis[J]. Scientific reports, 2015, 5(1):16210. Cited in this article [1]

[16]	YANG Y M, LIU X J, LI W Q, et al. Effect of different mulch materials on winter wheat production in desalinized soil in heilonggang region of north China[J]. Journal of zhejiang university science b, 2006, 7(11):858-867. Cited in this article [1]

[17]	AKHTAR K, WANG W Y, KHAN A, et al. Wheat straw mulching offset soil moisture deficient for improving physiological and growth performance of summer sown soybean[J]. Agricultural water management, 2019, 211:16-25. Cited in this article [1]

[18]	王珍, 冯浩. 秸秆不同还田方式对土壤入渗特性及持水能力的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(4):75-80. Cited in this article [1]

[19]	张丽华, 徐晨, 闫伟平, 等. 半干旱区地表覆盖方式对土壤水温效应及玉米产量的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2023, 41(2):179-192. Cited in this article [4]

[20]	路海东, 薛吉全, 郝引川, 等. 黑色地膜覆盖对旱地玉米土壤环境和植株生长的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(7):1997-2004. Cited in this article [2]

[21]	蒋傲男, 闫静琦, 陈宗政, 等. 不同覆膜方式对旱作区春玉米农田土壤水分及产量的影响[J]. 东北农业科学, 2022, 47(3):26-30,36. Cited in this article [1]

[22]

李秀萍, 连海飞, 白春华, 等. 地膜覆盖对大兴安岭南麓丘陵旱作区土壤温度、水分与玉米产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2021, 49(2):63-70.

https://doi.org/10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.02.10

Cited in this article [2] Abstract

【目的】解决大兴安岭南麓丘陵旱作区玉米田地膜残留污染日趋严重的问题,探索降解地膜、增厚地膜替代与应用前景。【方法】在兴安盟农牧业科学研究所试验基地（科尔沁右翼前旗）,设置了国标地膜、增厚地膜、降解地膜3种不同类型地膜覆盖试验,对比分析不同类型地膜处理玉米田不同土层土壤温度、水分及玉米产量的差异。【结果】土壤温度方面,从玉米播种到拔节期降解地膜处理与国标地膜处理对土壤的保温效果基本一致,而在拔节期之后降解地膜处理的保温效果低于国标地膜处理;在灌浆期之前增厚地膜处理的保温效果显著低于国标地膜处理（P<0.05）,灌浆期之后增厚地膜处理0~5 cm土层土壤温度显著高于国标地膜处理（P<0.05）。土壤水分方面,从玉米三叶期到拔节期不同处理土壤含水量变化趋势基本一致,表现为增厚地膜>国标地膜>降解地膜,三者差异不显著（P>0.05）;从抽雄吐丝期至灌浆期0~30 cm土层土壤含水量国标地膜、增厚地膜处理显著高于降解地膜处理（P<0.05）。玉米产量方面,与国标地膜处理相比,降解地膜、增厚地膜处理均能提高玉米产量,降解地膜处理玉米产量较国标地膜处理增产12.37%,降解地膜与国标地膜处理差异显著（P<0.05）。【结论】在玉米拔节期之前降解地膜处理与国标地膜处理对土壤的保温效果基本一致,随着玉米生育时期的推进,降解地膜逐渐破裂并降解,减少了土壤地膜残留污染,土壤透气性增加,有利于玉米后期的生长发育,降解地膜较国标地膜处理玉米产量增加显著,在大兴安岭南麓丘陵旱作区玉米田采用降解地膜覆盖具有较好的效果。

[23]

徐鹏飞, 杜雄, 孙小诺, 等. 不同覆盖方式对河北平原春玉米产量形成和水分利用的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(3):102-110.

https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.20190818

Cited in this article [1] Abstract

针对河北省地下水压采区水资源严重亏缺和区域春玉米如何高效用水的问题，研究了秋季实施不同覆盖方式对春玉米产量及周年水分利用的影响，以先玉335为材料，在大口期灌水75 mm（W）和雨养旱作（R）2种条件下，设置土下无孔地膜覆盖（PM）、有孔土下地膜覆盖（P0M）、玉米秸秆覆盖（SM）、常规露地（NP）等处理，对春玉米生长发育状况、土壤耗水及产量形成进行了研究。结果表明：雨养旱作条件下，土下地膜覆盖产量较NP提高18.0%~24.9%，SM产量和NP差异不显著。在雨养旱作条件下，PM、P0M和SM生育期水分利用效率分别比NP提高了50.5%，41.0%，12.0%，而周年水分利用效率提高了63.2%，54.6%，19.1%；PM和P0M的节水效果显著好于SM，灌水条件下的结果与雨养旱作条件下相同。灌水增加产量的同时也相应增加了耗水量，覆盖下耗水增加的幅度大于增产的幅度。农田周年土下地膜覆盖可有效降低土壤水分蒸发，非生长季对土壤水分的蓄存，达到了"秋水春用"和提高水分利用效率的目的。

[24]	BAI J, LI Y, ZHANG J, et al. Straw returning and one-time application of a mixture of controlled release and solid granular urea to reduce carbon footprint of plastic film mulching spring maize[J]. Journal of cleaner production, 2021, 280:124478. Cited in this article [1]

[25]	LI J H, LI H, ZHANG Q, et al. Effects of fertilization and straw return methods on the soil carbon pool and CO₂ emission in a reclaimed mine spoil in shanxi province, China[J]. Soil and tillage research, 2019, 195:104361. Cited in this article [1]

[26]	CHEN J, ZHENG M J, PANG D W, et al. Straw return and appropriate tillage method improve grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat[J]. Journal of integrative agriculture, 2017, 16(8):1708-1719. Cited in this article [1]

[27]	CHEN H X, LIU J J, ZHANG A F, et al. Effects of straw and plastic film mulching on greenhouse gas emissions in loess plateau, China: A field study of 2 consecutive wheat-maize rotation cycles[J]. Science of the total environment, 2017, 579:814-824. Cited in this article [1]

[28]	HUANG Y L, QIN R Z, WEI H H, et al. Plastic film mulching application improves potato yields, reduces ammonia emissions, but boosts the greenhouse gas emissions in China[J]. Journal of environmental management, 2024, 353:120241. Cited in this article [1]

[29]	NISHIMURA S, KOMADA M, TAKEBE M, et al. Nitrous oxide evolved from soil covered with plastic mulch film in horticultural field[J]. Biology and fertility of soils, 2012, 48(7):787-795. Cited in this article [1]

[30]	LAGOMARSINO A, AGNELLI A, LINQUIST B, et al. Alternate wetting and drying of rice reduced CH₄ emissions but triggered N₂O peaks in a clayey soil of central Italy[J]. Pedosphere, 2016, 26(4):533-548. Cited in this article [1]

[31]

LIU

D T

, SONG

C C

, XIN

Z H

, et al. Agricultural management strategies for balancing yield increase, carbon sequestration, and emission reduction after straw return for three major grain crops in China: a meta-analysis[J]. Journal of environmental management, 2023, 340:117965.

Cited in this article [1]

[32]	WEI H H, ZHANG F, ZHANG K P, et al. Effects of soil mulching on staple crop yield and greenhouse gas emissions in China: a meta-analysis[J]. Field crops research, 2022, 284:108566. Cited in this article [1]

[33]	HUANG T Yang H, HUANG C C, et al. Effect of fertilizer N rates and straw management on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions in a maize-wheat double cropping system[J]. Field crops research, 2017, 204:1-11. Cited in this article [2]

[34]	CAI A D, LIANG G P, ZHANG X B, et al. Long-term straw decomposition in agro-ecosystems described by a unified three-exponentiation equation with thermal time[J]. Science of the total environment, 2018, 636:699-708. Cited in this article [2]

[35]	CHEN S Y, ZHANG X Y, PEI D, et al. Effects of straw mulching on soil temperature, evaporation and yield of winter wheat: field experiments on the North China Plain[J]. Annals of applied biology, 2012, 58(4):161-166. Cited in this article [1]

[36]	LU X J, LI Z T, SUN Z H, et al. Straw mulching reduces maize yield, water, and nitrogen use in northeastern China[J]. Agronomy journal, 2015, 107(1):406-414. Cited in this article [1]

[37]	ZHANG X Q, QIAN Y L, CAO C F. Effects of straw mulching on maize photosynthetic characteristics and rhizosphere soil micro-ecological environment[J]. Chilean journal of agricultural research, 2015, 75(4):481-487. Cited in this article [1]

[38]	SHEN J Y, ZHAO D D, HAN H F, et al. Effects of straw mulching on water consumption characteristics and yield of different types of summer maize plants[J]. Plant, soil and environment, 2012, 58(4):161-166. Cited in this article [1]

[39]	许冬, 万鹏, 褚世海, 等. 小麦秸秆高量覆盖对棉花生长发育及产量形成的影响[J]. 南方农业学报, 2021, 52(5):1191-1197. Cited in this article [1]

[40]	DONG Q G, YANG Y C, YU K, et al. Effects of straw mulching and plastic film mulching on improving soil organic carbon and nitrogen fractions, crop yield and water use efficiency in the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Agricultural water management, 2018, 201:133-143. Cited in this article [2]

[41]	WANG C Y, LIANG Y, LIU J Z, et al. The relationship of soil organic carbon and nutrient contents to maize yield as affected by maize straw return modes[J]. Applied sciences, 2023, 13(22):12448. Cited in this article [1]

[42]	HUANG T T, YANG N, LU C, et al. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nutrients, and yield under different straw returning methods[J]. Soil and tillage research, 2021, 214:105171. Cited in this article [1]

[43]	XU X, PANG D W, CHEN J, et al. Straw return accompany with low nitrogen moderately promoted deep root[J]. Field crops research, 2018, 221:71-80. Cited in this article [1]

[44]	GAO H J, CHEN X W, LIANG A Z, et al. Combined effects of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application on crop yield and nitrogen utilization in the chernozem of Northeast China[J]. Applied ecology and environmental research, 2022, 20(1):893-903. Cited in this article [1]

[45]	WANG Y P, LI X G, ZHU J, et al. Multi-site assessment of the effects of plastic-film mulch on dryland maize productivity in semiarid areas in China[J]. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 2016, 220:160-169. Cited in this article [2]

[46]	许显虹, 胥婷婷, 张洋, 等. 地膜覆盖对青海东部旱作农业区春油菜的增产效应[J]. 青海大学学报, 2021, 39(3):61-66,87. Cited in this article [1]

[47]	LI Q, LI H B, ZHANG S Q. Yield and water use efficiency of dryland potato in response to plastic film mulching on the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta agriculturae scandinavica, section B-soil & plant science, 2018, 68(2):175-188. Cited in this article [1]

[48]	CHEN N, LI X Y, SHI H B, et al. Assessment and modeling of maize evapotranspiration and yield with plastic and biodegradable film mulch[J]. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 2021, 307:108474. Cited in this article [2]

[49]	王敏, 王海霞, 韩清芳, 等. 不同材料覆盖的土壤水温效应及对玉米生长的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(7):1249-1258. Cited in this article [2]

[50]	周明冬, 王祥金, 董合干, 等. 不同厚度地膜覆盖棉花的经济效益和残膜回收分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2016, 30(10):121-125. Cited in this article [2]

[51]	高宇, 王金莲, 赵沛义, 等. 地膜厚度对马铃薯生长及农田水热条件和残膜污染的影响[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2018, 35(5):439-446. Cited in this article [1]

[52]	王青松, 冯浩, 董勤各, 等. 地膜覆盖对河套灌区春玉米耗水结构及水分利用的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2021, 40(8):10-18. Cited in this article [1]

[53]	HU Y J, MA P H, DUAN C X, et al. Black plastic film combined with straw mulching delays senescence and increases summer maize yield in northwest China[J]. Agricultural water management, 2020, 231:106031. Cited in this article [1]

[54]	陈姣, 张池, 陈玉佩, 等. 不同绿肥和覆膜措施对渭北旱塬冬小麦产量和土壤水分动态的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(12):2136-2148. Cited in this article [1]

[55]	GUO X Y, ZHANG Z G, SUN G L, et al. Relay intercropping cover crop combined with reduced nitrogen application improves subsequent cotton agronomic traits while maintaining yield and quality[J]. Crop science, 2023, 63(4):2475-2490. Cited in this article [1]

[56]	ZHANG Z G, AN J, XIONG S W, et al. Orychophragmus violaceus-maize rotation increases maize productivity by improving soil chemical properties and plant nutrient uptake[J]. Field crops research, 2022, 279:108470. Cited in this article [1]

[57]	HU Z H, ZHAO Q, ZHANG X J, et al. Winter green manure decreases subsoil nitrate accumulation and increases N use efficiencies of maize production in North China Plain[J]. Plants, 2023, 12(2):311. Cited in this article [1]

[58]	LIU S L, MA Z Y, ZHANG Y, et al. The impact of different winter cover crops on weed suppression and corn yield under different tillage systems[J]. Agronomy, 2022, 12(5):999. Cited in this article [1]

[59]	陈念, 范競升, 刘思林, 等. “绿肥-玉米-大豆”轮作体系对作物产量及品质的影响[J]. 大豆科学, 2020, 39(4):555-563. Cited in this article [2]

[60]	郭耀东, 程曼, 赵秀峰, 等. 轮作绿肥对盐碱地土壤性质、后作青贮玉米产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(6):856-864. Cited in this article [2]

[61]	刘威, 耿明建, 秦自果, 等. 种植绿肥与稻秸协同还田对单季稻田土壤有机碳库和酶活性的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(7):125-133. Cited in this article [1]