Research Progress on Active Chemical Components of Perilla Leaves and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity

AN Yan; OU Qiaoming; WANG Li; LIANG Tingyu; CUI Wenjuan; ZHU Xu

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0010

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Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (20) : 128-142. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0010

Research Progress on Active Chemical Components of Perilla Leaves and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity

AN Yan ¹ ,
OU Qiaoming ¹^,² ,
WANG Li ²^,³ ,
LIANG Tingyu ² ,
CUI Wenjuan ² ,
ZHU Xu ¹

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to deeply explore the research trends of Perilla leaf's active chemical components and clarify its chemical composition and active mechanisms, and offers theoretical support for future research directions and the multi-domain development of Perilla leaf resources. Through bibliometrics and systematic review, we analyzed the research path and mechanisms of Perilla leaf's active components. We summarized the evolution and cutting-edge trends of its active component research, focusing on key components like essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins. Their chemical structures, structure-activity relationships, and molecular mechanisms of functional activities (e.g., antioxidant and antibacterial properties) were clarified. This study highlights the research progress and direction of Perilla leaves functional components, and probes into its resource potential in food, medicine, cosmetics and other fields.

Key words

Perilla / Perilla leaves / active chemical components / antioxidant activity / antibacterial activity / biliometric analysis

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AN Yan , OU Qiaoming , WANG Li , et al . Research Progress on Active Chemical Components of Perilla Leaves and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2025, 41(20): 128-142 https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0010

References

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紫苏叶为我国传统清热解毒中药，具有解表散寒、宣肺化痰、行气和胃之功效，临床广泛应用于炎症性疾病的治疗。为明确紫苏叶药理活性的物质基础及其抗炎活性机制，本文依据近年来紫苏叶提取物及主要化学成分药理活性的相关文献，对紫苏叶中挥发油类、黄酮和花色苷类、酚酸类、苷类、三萜类和甾体等主要化学成分、紫苏叶提取物的抗炎活性及其调控固有免疫细胞活性和功能、调节辅助性T 细胞平衡等主要作用机制进行了综述，旨在为研发以紫苏叶为原料的抗炎新药提供参考。

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目的：建立一种简单、快速、准确的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法，同时分离与检测紫苏叶、茎和根中酚类化合物含量，探讨紫苏各部位酚类物质的累积规律，为确定紫苏各部位最佳采收时期提供依据。方法：对紫苏进行人工栽培，样品分期采集，采集后的样品经乙醇提取，采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行分析，对影响色谱、质谱的重要参数进行优化，通过对照标准物质的保留时间及质谱分析，确定相应的化合物；通过标准曲线法定量，以其中13 种酚类化合物为主要参考指标，观察它们在各部位的动态含量变化。结果：鉴定出化合物：咖啡酸、咖啡酸-3-O-葡萄糖苷、迷迭香酸、迷迭香酸-3-O-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷酸、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖苷酸、芹菜素、芹菜素-7-咖啡酰基葡萄糖苷、芹菜素-7-O-二葡萄糖苷、野黄岑素-7-O-二葡萄糖苷、迷迭香酸甲酯，以上化合物中酚酸及其糖苷化合物含量呈先降低，至结果期急剧上升达到最大，黄酮及其糖苷化合物含量则递增至结果期达到最大。其中鉴定出迷迭香酸和木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷酸分别在结果期达到最大，含量分别为21.41 mg/g和19.89 mg/g，结果期叶部位总酚类含量达到最大，含量为47.50 mg/g。结论：通过对紫苏各个部位不同采收时期黄酮、黄酮糖基化、酚酸的动态变化、总含量变化和部位成分分布的研究，对紫苏酚类资源的利用提供参考依据。

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目的对双面紫紫苏叶、面绿背紫紫苏叶、双面绿白苏叶的叶色进行数字化表征，建立花青素含量测定方法，探讨不同样品的差异及色数值与花青素含量的相关性。方法利用体视荧光显微镜测定和提取R、G、B、L*、a*、b*、E*ab 7种色数值。样品经含2.5%盐酸的60%乙醇溶液提取，以氯化矢车菊素为对照，采用分光光度法测定花青素含量。利用偏最小二乘-判别分析（partial least squares-discriminant analysis， PLS-DA）研究不同叶色样品的差异。对7个色数值与花青素含量进行Pearson相关分析，并建立逐步多元线性回归模型。结果叶色值测定方法精密度、重复性、稳定性试验的相对标准偏差均低于3%。花青素含量测定方法线性关系良好，精密度、重复性、稳定性试验的相对标准偏差均低于3%，平均回收率为99.8%。双面紫紫苏叶、面绿背紫紫苏叶、双面绿白苏叶的R值和花青素含量依次降低，E*ab值依次升高，3种样品的G值、B值、L*值、a*值、b*值无显著性差异。PLS-DA可将30批样品按叶色分为3类，R值与花青素呈极显著正相关。结论所建方法灵敏、准确、简便、快速。该研究实现了紫苏叶和白苏叶颜色的数字化表达，揭示了叶色与内在成分的关联性，可为药用紫苏叶的“辨色论质”研究提供科学依据。

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https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2009.03.0477

Cited in this article [1] Abstract

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法分别提取紫苏叶和花中挥发油，运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对其挥发油进行化学成分分析，采用面积归一法测定了挥发油中各种成分的相对质量分数，利用抑菌贴片法、MIC法和光电浊度法分别对枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌进行了抑菌性研究。结果显示，从紫苏叶和花水蒸汽蒸馏所得挥发油中分别检测出12种和10种化合物，其中叶中主要成分为紫苏醛（75.88%）、柠檬烯（3.82%）、石竹烯（9.87%）和法呢烯（3.21%）；花中主要成分为紫苏醛（49.23%）、石竹烯（18.53%）、法呢烯（8.99%）、芳樟醇（11.3%）和姜黄二酮（4.55%）。紫苏精油对两种细菌均有很强的抑制作用，但对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制能力要明显强于对大肠杆菌的抑制能力。

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