Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum species, can severely infect the fruits and leaves of more than 30 plants and thus results in great yield and quality losses. To identify the major Colletotrichum species infecting walnut fruits, strawberry leaves, grape fruits, and tea leaves in Shandong Province, China, 101 strains were collected and isolated. The morphological characteristics of all isolates were observed, and multilocus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, TUB2, CAL, CHS-1, and HIS3) were conducted on the representative isolates. The strains were identified as five Colletotrichum species, namely, C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto, C. fructicola, C. camelliae, C. acutatum sensu stricto, and C. viniferum. Among them, C. viniferum was reported for the first time from walnut fruits and strawberry leaves in Shandong Province, China. Corresponding leaves or fruits were used as a model to clarify the pathogenicity of these isolates. The results showed that C. fructicola obtained from strawberry leaves was more aggressive than C. viniferum. All of the isolates obtained from various hosts were highly sensitive to pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, tebuconazole, pyrisoxazole, and tetramycin in terms of mycelial growth inhibition (EC50 values of 0.07 to 1.63 mg/liter). The fastest mycelial growth was observed in the temperature range of 25–28°C for all isolates. In addition, anthracnose symptoms occur frequently under these conditions. Overall, this study can improve the understanding of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose in walnut fruits, strawberry leaves, grape fruits, and tea leaves and can provide a solid foundation for the effective control of this disease in different hosts.

为获得用于防治花生网斑病的有效生防资源，从阜新、沈阳、锦州等辽宁花生主产区采集到健康叶片60份，采用稀释涂布平板法分离获得微生物563株，其中细菌435株，真菌98株，放线菌30株。其中对花生网斑病菌具有良好抑制作用的菌株共34株，抑制作用最强的为菌株BP-1，其对花生网斑病菌的抑菌带宽度达27.0 mm。抑菌谱试验表明，该菌株对供试的11种植物病原真菌具有不同强度的抑制作用，抑菌带宽度为5.6～22.8 mm。经形态观察、生理生化特征和16S rDNA同源性分析，鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis。田间防效试验结果显示，BP-1菌液对花生网斑病具有较好防治效果，其发酵原液稀释200倍后，对花生网斑病的田间防治效果达60.65%，具有较好的应用前景。

筛选对烟草青枯病和黑胫病具有良好防效的生防菌株,为烟草根茎类病害的有效防控提供生防资源。从发病烟株根际土壤中分离细菌,采用平板对峙法和滤纸片法测定分离菌株对烟草青枯病菌和黑胫病菌的抑制活性,基于盆栽验证法检测高活性菌株对烟草青枯病和黑胫病的防治效果,通过16S rDNA通用引物对高活性拮抗菌株进行分子生物学鉴定,同时选用9对特异性引物对高活性菌株的促生长和抑菌活性进行PCR检测。共筛选出2株对烟草青枯病和黑胫病均有防治效果的拮抗菌株LF-1和LF-2,经分子生物学鉴定LF-1为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis,LF-2为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。室内活性试验结果表明,菌株LF-1、LF-2对烟草青枯病菌抑制率分别为31.16%、56.98%,对烟草黑胫病菌抑制率分别为64.44%、72.44%;盆栽试验结果表明,菌株LF-1对烟草青枯病和黑胫病的防效分别为69.54%和65.49%,菌株LF-2对烟草青枯病和黑胫病的防效分别为72.49%和68.32%。菌株LF-1和LF-2对烟草根茎类病害具有较好的生防效果,在烟草根茎类病害防控中应用前景广阔。

生物防治技术是一种无公害、无残留、对动物和人类安全的防治方法。为符合农业可持续发展的要求，保障水稻质量安全，生物防治技术被广泛应用于水稻病虫害防治。本文概述了生物防治的定义，综述了害虫天敌控制、植物源农药、微生物制剂和昆虫信息素等生物防治技术的研究和应用进展，分析了目前存在的问题，展望了未来研究方向：充分利用生防微生物来拮抗病原菌，充分发挥天敌对水稻害虫的调节作用，加强微生物代谢产物生物农药的研发。