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Effects of Sowing Date and Seeding Rate on Population Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat in Chengdu Plain Area
LIUSixi, HUANGXiangqing, DAITingyun, SUNJiawei, CHENHuihuan, GAOTian, TANGXueqin, YANGYuping, YANHong
Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2) : 32-39.
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Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
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Effects of Sowing Date and Seeding Rate on Population Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat in Chengdu Plain Area
To investigate the effects of different sowing dates and seeding rates on the growth and yield of winter wheat in the Chengdu Plain, a two-factor split-zone experiment was adopted using the wheat variety 'Chuanmai 1247'. The main plots were designed with five sowing dates (S1: November 1st, traditional sowing date; S2: November 8th; S3: November 15th; S4: November 22nd; S5: November 29th), and the subplots were set with two seeding rates (R1: 225 kg/hm2，traditional seeding rate; R2: 300 kg/hm2). The effects of each treatment on wheat growth period, tiller dynamics, dry matter accumulation and yield were systematically studied. The results showed that compared with traditional sowing date S1, the entire growth period of wheat under S2-S5 treatments was shortened by 4-17 days, which was mainly reflected in the shortening of the reproductive growth stage. As sowing delayed, the productive tiller percentage increased by 21.87% to 39.69% compared with S1. The number of effective spikes, dry matter accumulation at the maturity stage, and yield initially increased and subsequently decreased with sowing delayed, and all reached the maximum under S3 treatment, which increasing by 24.46%, 2.40%, and 15.43% respectively, compared with S1. However, the thousand-grain weight consistently decreased with sowing delayed. Higher seeding rate (R2) led to higher tiller numbers of wheat at all growth stages but reduce the productive tiller percentage. Increasing the seeding rate under traditional sowing date (S1) reduced grain yield. Conversely, increasing the seeding rate under delayed sowing conditions could increased grain yield. In summary, delayed sowing date shortens the reproductive stage of wheat. Delay sowing appropriately (e.g, S2-S3) can increase grain yield by increasing the number of effective spikes and dry matter accumulation. Increasing seeding rate under traditional sowing date is detrimental to yield formation, whereas increasing seeding rate under delayed sowing date can stabilize or enhance yield. This study provides technical support for the high-yield cultivation of wheat following rice.
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) / sowing date / seeding rate / grain yield / growth period / tiller dynamics / dry matter accumulation
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The belt uniform (BU) sowing pattern can improve the yield of winter wheat, but whether and how the BU sowing pattern can increase yield under different sowing densities is unknown. The field study was conducted in Guiyang (Guizhou province) during the growing season in 2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2019–2020. Four winter wheat cultivars were used in field experiments to investigate the changes of the dry matter accumulation and partition, yield and yield components at maturity under five sowing densities (75, 150, 225, 300, and 375 plants per m2), and three sowing patterns: line and dense (LD) sowing with 33.3 cm row spacing (LDS); the belt uniform (BU) sowing with 15 cm (BUN), and 20 cm (BUW) row spacing. The BU sowing pattern significantly increases shoot dry matter and grain yield in all four winter wheat cultivars under all five sowing densities and in each growing season, particularly under the high sowing density of 300 and 375 plants m−2. Harvest index was unaffected by the different sowing densities and sowing patterns. While spike number increased, grain weight per spike decreased with the increase in sowing density. The 1000-grain weight and grain number per spike were unaffected by the sowing patterns. The variation in the shoot dry weight can explain 94% variation in grain yield and 66% variation in spike number. Allometric analysis showed that more dry matter was partitioned to the spike than to the stem and leaf. We conclude that the BU sowing pattern can increase grain yield under high sowing densities associated with a high shoot dry matter accumulation and its partition to the spike.
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