Rice bakanae disease has emerged as a major seed-borne fungal disease threatening China’s food security, and single chemical control is facing severe challenges. This paper systematically reviewed the latest progress in the comprehensive prevention and control technology of this disease. The pathogens and symptoms of rice bakanae disease were introduced, and the occurrence regularity of rice bakanae disease was expounded from the aspects of transmission route, infection cycle and epidemic regularity. The cause factors of rice bakanae disease were introduced from the aspects of variety resistance, pathogen accumulation, mechanical damage, meteorological conditions, seed soaking with fungicide, seedling raising methods and cultivation management. The research progress on agricultural control measures of rice bakanae disease were introduced from the aspects of selecting disease-resistant varieties, selecting disease-free seeds, seed treatment and strengthening field management. The research progress on biological control measures of rice bakanae disease focused on the screening of antagonistic bacteria and their inhibitory activity assessment, the exploration and application of biocontrol bacteria, and the utilization of biopreparations for disease management. It also summarized key chemical control strategies, including laboratory fungicide screening and seed treatment applications. The authors emphasized that effective management of bakanae disease should be based on agricultural control, integrated with chemical and biological control methods, to achieve comprehensive disease management and ensure the healthy and sustainable development of grain production in China.