PDF(1740 KB)
Selection of Year-round High-yield and High-quality Varieties of Rapeseed Flowering Stalk in Erhai Lake Basin
XUEJiahui, ZHANGShuntao, WANGJiangtao, WANGYunzhen, ZHANGBokai, WANGRui, CONGWenfeng
Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5) : 12-20.
PDF(1740 KB)
Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
PDF(1740 KB)
Selection of Year-round High-yield and High-quality Varieties of Rapeseed Flowering Stalk in Erhai Lake Basin
This study aims to explore the year-round high-value cropping model in the Erhai Basin and to screen high-yielding vegetable-use rapeseed cultivars suitable for year-round cultivation, thereby providing support for the development of regional green and high-value agriculture. Nine double-low Brassica napus cultivars were used as experimental materials, and field trials were conducted in the small-spring season (November 5, 2022) and the large-spring season (July 1, 2023). Data on growth period, yield, quality, and nutrient accumulation were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the growth period of vegetable-use rapeseed differed significantly between seasons, with the small-spring season being 66-98 days longer than the large-spring season. The yield of rapeseed flowering stalk was generally higher in the small-spring season than in the large-spring season, with ‘Xiziyuan No.2’ (26.3 t/hm2) and ‘Dadi 95’ (25.2 t/hm2) having the highest yields in the small-spring season, while ‘Dadi 95’ (16.1 t/hm2) had the highest yield in the large-spring season. The main yield-contributing factors were leaf number (41.29%) in the large-spring season and single-stalk weight (43.38%) in the small-spring season. Agronomic traits such as single-stalk weight, stalk length, stalk diameter, and leaf number were all superior in the small-spring season compared with the large-spring season. The grading results of rapeseed flowering stalks showed that the proportion of first-grade stalks was consistent with the yield performance. Nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation were significantly higher in the small-spring season than in the large-spring season, with the superior cultivars being ‘Xiziyuan No.2’ and ‘Dadi 95’, while ‘Dadi 95’ performed best in the large-spring season. Comprehensive analysis indicated that year-round cultivation of vegetable-use rapeseed can be achieved in the Erhai Basin, with higher yield and quality in the small-spring season compared with the large-spring season. ‘Xiziyuan No.2’ and ‘Dadi 95’ showed outstanding performance and are suitable for annual promotion, providing technical support for the development of local green and high-value agriculture.
Erhai Lake basin / vegetable-use rapeseed variety / yield / nutrient uptake / appearance quality / economic performance
| [1] |
黄华磊, 李艳花, 肖长明, 等. 油蔬两用油菜品种的品质与产量评价[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 46(4):37-45.
|
| [2] |
周燕, 石有明, 黄华磊, 等. 甘蓝型双低油菜油蔬两用高效栽培技术[J]. 南方农业, 2008, 2(1):44-45.
|
| [3] |
余燕, 贺原, 邹翔宇, 等. 双低甘蓝型油菜“油蔬两用”开发利用现状与展望[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2022, 44(5):921-929.
“油蔬两用”是油菜多功能利用的重要途径，可有效带动油菜产业发展和促进农民增收。本文探讨甘蓝型双低油菜油蔬两用模式，从发展过程、重要性与可行性分析、菜籽油和油菜薹的品质与利用方式、品种选育与筛选以及栽培技术等方面综述了油蔬两用开发利用的进展，并针对油菜在品牌经营、栽培技术、政策支持以及市场需求方面所面临的问题，提出了加强品牌化经营、标准化生产政策扶持等对策及建议，以期为油蔬两用提质增效提供参考，促进油菜产业振兴。
|
| [4] |
王汉中. 以新需求为导向的油菜产业发展战略[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2018, 40(5):613-617.
在解决了温饱、达到小康以后，我国消费者需求发生了较大变化。安全、绿色、健康、多元已成为广大消费者新的需求，也应该成为我国农业发展的方向和重点。为适应新的需求，油菜产业发展应深入实施“双全战略”和差异化发展战略，充分发掘油菜全价值链的功能型菜油、功能型菜薹、蜜用、饲用、肥用、休闲观光等价值，并对各价值点进行全产业链开发；以功能型菜油、功能型菜薹和油菜花观光旅游的研究和开发为重点，以提升油菜产业整体效益和国际竞争力为目标，走功能型、效益型和融合型的差异化发展之路。
|
| [5] |
王康, 杨静, 岳培蕾, 等. 采薹次数对洱海流域菜-油两用油菜菜薹和菜籽产量、品质及综合效益的影响[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2025, 47(2):413-420.
为创新洱海流域油菜的绿色高值的协同模式，明确适宜洱海流域种植的菜-油两用油菜的最佳采薹次数，以云油杂15号为品种，通过布置田间小区试验，探究不同采薹次数（0次、1次、2次）下，油菜的生育进程、农艺性状、菜薹和菜籽产量及其综合效益，调查采薹后菜籽的品质变化。结果表明：增加采薹次数会延长油菜的生育进程，降低株高、分枝部位和一次有效分枝数，增加茎粗、再分枝数、全株有效分枝数和分枝角果数，不影响每角粒数、单株生产力和千粒重。与不采薹相比，采薹1次和2次均未显著影响菜籽产量：菜籽理论产量和实际产量分别为3836~3999 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>和3316~3717 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>，而菜薹产量显著增加。采薹0次、1次和2次时，云油杂15号的产投比分别为0.48、1.02和1.55，而其综合产值则表现为采薹2次（86 369元/hm<sup>2</sup>）> 采薹1次（53 171元/hm<sup>2</sup>）> 采薹0次（23 324元/hm<sup>2</sup>）。此外，增加采薹次数虽然不影响菜籽的芥酸、硫甙和油酸含量，但显著影响菜籽的含油量、蛋白质和亚麻酸含量。综上，在洱海流域种植菜-油两用油菜时以采薹2次的综合效益最佳。
|
| [6] |
王武全, 刘佳明, 杨华伟, 等. 甘蓝型杂交油菜新品种油蔬两用潜力分析[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2024, 46(1):7-12.
为了分析甘蓝型油菜在川南地区的油蔬两用潜力，选用6个甘蓝型油菜品种和2个蔬菜品种，从经济效益、农艺性状和营养品质3个方面进行分析。结果表明，油蔬两用种植技术虽然降低了菜籽产量，但是能增加经济效益。摘薹处理损失了主茎和主茎角果，同时减少了单株一次分枝数和一次分枝角果数，进而间接影响每角粒数，导致菜籽减产。甘蓝型油菜菜薹是一种适口性好、营养价值丰富的功能型蔬菜。该研究证实了油蔬两用是一项适宜推广的种植技术。
|
| [7] |
江世飞, 卢光波, 罗金梅, 等. 湖南澧县薹用油菜高产栽培技术[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2022(11):236-237.
|
| [8] |
李延莉, 江建霞, 蒋美艳, 等. 上海油菜薹产业发展现状与思考[J]. 长江蔬菜, 2020(14):32-34.
|
| [9] |
陈建军, 张潇予, 张泽通, 等. 中国油菜产业发展、机械化应用情况及展望[J]. 中南农业科技, 2024, 45(8):229-232,252.
分析了中国油菜产业的发展形势,介绍了油菜油用、观赏、菜用、蜜用、饲用、肥用等功能,分享了油菜机械化应用情况,基于油菜多功能利用模式,从加大科研投入、提升科技支撑能力,加大政策保护、提高产业竞争力,加强油菜多功能利用、提高产业效益方面提出建议,加大油菜产业发展力度,扩大生产面积,增加油料作物供给能力;因地制宜,加大油菜多功能利用开发;运用功能叠加模式,落实藏粮于技战略,加快油菜全程机械化应用,提升油菜产业整体经济效益。
|
| [10] |
杨鸣, 胡燕, 肖华贵. 贵州“菜油两用”油菜新品种筛选[J]. 农技服务, 2023, 40(7):9-11.
|
| [11] |
江世飞, 卢光波, 罗金梅, 等. 湖南澧县薹用油菜高产栽培技术[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2022(11):236-237.
|
| [12] |
姚琳, 孙璇, 咸拴狮, 等. 油菜多功能利用及发展前景[J]. 粮食与油脂, 2020, 33(11):32-35.
|
| [13] |
禹淞文, 张平喜, 赵大兴, 等. 油菜薹蔬菜汁饮料加工工艺研究[J]. 现代农业科技, 2019(5):225-226.
|
| [14] |
李祖海, 董汉成, 杨邦贵, 等. 长阳山区菜用甘蓝型油菜品种筛选试验[J]. 长江蔬菜, 2021(10):32-33.
|
| [15] |
姜成红, 周元委, 张晓玲, 等. 菜用油菜在枝江市的引种适应性研究[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2022, 61(15):146-149,156.
|
| [16] |
夏曾润, 张立君, 李成军, 等. 安康市“油蔬两用”和菜用型富硒油菜品种筛选与评价[J]. 食品安全导刊, 2024(34):152-155.
|
| [17] |
黄涌, 徐洪志, 曾川. 夏季菜用油菜品种灰色关联度分析[J]. 耕作与栽培, 2014(4):28-29,39.
|
| [18] |
高亦洁, 张顺涛, 汪江涛, 等. 施肥模式和氮肥运筹对洱海流域菜油兼用型油菜产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2025, 47(3):754-767.
洱海流域农田土壤养分丰富，但传统有机肥施用模式下油菜产量与氮肥利用率低。为创新洱海流域绿色高值油菜新模式及其配套的施肥模式，本研究通过调查不同施肥模式下氮肥运筹对菜油兼用型油菜产量和品质的影响，确定适合洱海流域菜油兼用型油菜的施肥措施。于2022-2023年在大理白族自治州的大田，设置绿色产品（有机肥替代50%化肥氮）和绿色生态（化肥氮）2种基肥模式，设置不追肥对照（CK）、苗期追肥（T1）、五叶期追肥（T2）、苗期+五叶期分次追肥（T3）4个氮肥运筹裂区处理。调查菜油兼用油菜品种云油杂15的产量、品质和根系形态。结果表明：在绿色产品和绿色生态模式中，与CK处理相比，各处理的籽粒分别增产98%~283%和164%~244%，油菜薹分别增产42%~141%和50%~85%。T3处理的氮素累积量与氮肥利用效率在绿色产品和绿色生态模式中，相较于其它追肥处理均显著提高。绿色产品模式中T3处理较其它处理能够最大程度提升籽粒和菜薹品质，提高籽粒油分产量与蛋白质产量，降低硫甙含量，提高一级薹比例，降低三级薹比例。蕾薹期T3处理的总根长、总根表面积、根尖数、根分叉数在绿色产品和绿色生态模式中比CK处理分别提高了95%和77%、210%和88%、101%和146%、245%和171%。此外，在相同的追肥处理中，绿色产品模式的菜籽与菜薹产量和品质、氮素累积量以及根系形态特征整体优于绿色生态模式。综上认为，绿色产品模式配合苗期+五叶期分次追施氮肥可以改善油菜前期根系形态，进而显著提高菜油兼用型油菜的产量和氮肥利用效率，是提高洱海流域菜油兼用型油菜产量与品质的关键施肥模式。
|
| [19] |
王博. 冬、春和半冬性甘蓝型油菜的遗传特征和基因组分化[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2019.
|
| [20] |
卢洪英, 方天发, 卢琳中. 普格县推广夏播油菜种植效益分析[J]. 四川农业科技, 2022(1):87-89.
|
| [21] |
叶海龙, 何利德, 吴海镇. 油菜生育期气象条件分析[J]. 江西农业学报, 2008, 20(11):97-98.
|
| [22] |
符明联, 李淑琼, 吴建华. 夏播油菜与高寒山区产业结构调整[J]. 西南农业学报, 2004(S1):405-408.
|
| [23] |
王国槐, 官春云. 油菜生态特性的研究Ⅱ.不同类型甘蓝型油菜(B.napus L.)异地异季种植的生态特性研究[J]. 作物学报, 1987(1):77-83.
|
| [24] |
陈德珍, 张红亚, 周应友, 等. 甘蓝型油菜薹用品种筛选试验初报[J]. 耕作与栽培, 2021, 41(4):85-88.
|
| [25] |
何磊磊. 甘蓝型油菜叶片数和生物量的全基因组关联分析[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2021.
|
| [26] |
宋葭. 甘蓝型油菜叶片数的遗传分析及QTL定位[D]. 咸阳: 西北农林科技大学, 2023.
|
| [27] |
|
| [28] |
Four nitrogen rates (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg ha−1) were applied to the waterlogging-tolerant variety ZS 9 and the sensitive variety GH01. Seedlings with five leaves were waterlogged for 0 (control) or 10 days to investigate the effects of nitrogen on the quality of waterlogged rapeseed. Compared with controls, the seed oil content of waterlogged rapeseed increased slightly in GH01 and significantly in ZS 9 with nitrogen application, which can be explained by the following. (1) after waterlogging, the biomass distribution in roots and leaves of ZS 9 decreased, which alleviated physiological water shortage. Conversely, biomass distribution in roots of GH01 increased, which was not synchronized with the leaf biomass change. (2) After waterlogging at 90–270 kg N ha−1, the leaf number at bolting and flowering was increased in ZS 9 but decreased in GH01 compared with the control. The decrease in leaf area and SPAD value were greater for GH01 after waterlogging, which limited photosynthesis. (3) The leaf soluble protein at bolting was highest in ZS 9 and lowest in GH01. The sensitive variety showed poor growth. The inhibition of seed protein synthesis resulted in an increase in the oil content of waterlogged rapeseed with nitrogen. The seed oil of the waterlogging-tolerant variety was most significantly negatively correlated with leaf soluble protein content at the flowering stage, while the protein content showed the opposite correlation. The seed oil of the waterlogging-sensitive variety was most significantly negatively correlated with the number of leaves at the bolting and flowering stage, while the seed protein content had opposite correlations.
|
| [29] |
The objective of this study was to explore the changes in leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content, physiological processes, growth, and resource-use efficiency in a rapeseed cultivar under drought and (or) high temperatures. The two-wk-old plants were grown under controlled growth chamber conditions and subjected to individual or combined water (well-irrigated, 88% ± 4% field capacity vs. drought, 46% ± 5% field capacity) and temperature (control, 23 °C/17 °C vs. high temperatures, 26 °C/25 °C) regimes for 10 d. The measured response parameters were [N], [P], and their total content in leaves, photosynthetic rate (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), mitochondrial respiration (R), intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE), relative growth rate of the root (RGRr) and shoot (RGRs), leaf area, and dry matter accumulation in the plant. Drought significantly decreased [N], [P], and their total content in leaves, Asat, gs, Ci, RGRr, RGRs, leaf area, dry matter accumulation in the root, shoot, and whole plant, and PNUE, but significantly increased R and WUEi. Drought-induced reduction in growth or Asat was mainly attributed to a decreased Ci due to stomatal closure, while reduction in gs and leaf area appeared to be a drought-adaptive mechanism. High temperature stress alone had no negative impact on physiological and growth parameters, indicating an enhanced thermal stability of the cultivar, which was diminished at combined drought and high temperature stresses. We therefore conclude that the thermal stability of the cultivar in terms of growth was compromised under simultaneous occurrence of drought and high temperature stresses.
|
| [30] |
任涛, 鲁剑巍. 中国冬油菜氮素养分管理策略[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(18):3506-3521.
油菜是中国重要的油料作物，长江流域是其最主要种植区域，该区域的气候、土壤和种植制度决定了土壤养分供应特征、油菜生长和养分需求特征。作物高产、经济和养分高效是农业生产及其可持续发展的决定因素，油菜氮素吸收和土壤氮素供应在时间和空间上的不协调造成氮的缺乏或过量是油菜产量和收益的重要限制因子，合理的氮肥施用是保证油菜高产和氮肥高效的关键。论文从作物氮素需求、土壤氮素供应、氮肥施用关键技术及其配套措施等方面综述了国内外油菜氮肥管理的进展。在此基础上，结合中国冬油菜种植区域土壤和作物的特点，提出以“前促后稳”为核心，协调作物氮素需求和土壤氮素供应的冬油菜氮素养分综合管理策略。该策略的核心内容是：通过调节氮肥施用时期、比例和配比，满足油菜前期快速生长的氮素需求，后期则主要通过发挥土壤氮素供应，促进油菜氮素转移再利用；综合考虑不同轮作、秸秆还田条件下土壤氮素供应特点及后效，统筹氮肥的施用；配合合理密植、水肥管理、同其他元素肥料配施、机械深施等措施，以协同增效的方式实现油菜的高产和氮肥的高效。
|
| [31] |
杨佳群, 郭奕真, 王懿佳, 等. 氮肥用量对菜用油菜薹产量与品质的影响[J]. 长江蔬菜, 2023(24):17-20.
|
| [32] |
郑本川, 李浩杰, 张锦芳, 等. 采摘次数对油蔬两用甘蓝型油菜菜薹和菜籽品质及产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(22):17.
|
| [33] |
王建平, 张书芬, 陈明丽, 等. 不同品种双低甘蓝型油菜菜薹营养品质分析与评价[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2021, 60(24):187-191.
|
| [34] |
黄华磊, 李艳花, 肖长明, 等. 油蔬两用油菜品种的品质与产量评价[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 46(4):37-45.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
