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Application Effects of Cotton Chemical Capping Agents at Different Concentrations
JINLulu, WANGZisheng, WANSumei, TIANJingshan, DUMingwei, XUMin
Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4) : 17-26.
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Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
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Application Effects of Cotton Chemical Capping Agents at Different Concentrations
In order to investigate regulatory effects of cotton chemical capping agents in the Liaohe River Basin, a comparative experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2020 at the Liaoning Institute of Industrial Crops (Liaoyang, Liaoning). The study used chemical capping agent from China Agricultural University, composed of 25% Mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) and auxiliary naphthenate, with two application timings (July 13th and July 18th) and three concentration levels (750, 1125 and 1500 mL/hm2). A total of six treatments were set up, using no-topping as control (CK). Hormone contents including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA3), and zeatin (ZR) were continuously measured in the main stem apex (0-5 cm) and sub-apex (5-10 cm). Plant growth parameters, including plant height (PH), number of fruit branches (NFB), average length of upper fruit branches (LFB), and average length of upper internodes (LUI) on the main stem, were also systematically observed and recorded. The variations in IAA and ABA contents were directly proportional to the concentration of the chemical agent, whereas changes in ZR content exhibited an inverse relationship. The fluctuation in GA3 content was most pronounced at medium concentration. The variations in IAA, ABA and ZR contents of different dosages were more evident when treatment was applied on July 13th, while no obvious differences were observed in GA3 content between the two application timings. IAA content showed marked variation at the main stem apex, whereas ZR content varied more noticeably at the sub-apex; in contrast, ABA and GA3 levels exhibited only slight differences between the two sampling sites. Chemical capping effectively inhibited plant growth. The inhibitory effects on NFB and LFB intensified with treatment concentration increasing. For the July 13th application, the degree of inhibition on PH was positively correlated with treatment concentration, whereas for the July 18th application, the suppression of both PH and LUI was more pronounced at medium treatment concentration. Following treatment with a chemical capping agent, the levels of IAA and GA3 at the apical region of the main stem decreased significantly, whereas ABA content increased markedly, and ZR content remained relatively unchanged. Furthermore, the reductions in IAA and ABA levels were directly proportional to the concentration of the capping agent, with earlier application resulting in more pronounced effects. Notably, IAA content at the apex of the main stem and ZR content in the subapical exhibited significant changes. Plant development was inhibited after capping treatment, and this growth suppression was consistent with the observed hormonal fluctuations. In the future, combined with the yield and fiber quality indicators, the application parameters of chemical capping agent can be optimized, and a simplified cultivation technology system suitable for the cotton area of Liaohe River Basin can be established.
cotton / chemical capping / agent concentration / application timing / apical of main stem / endogenous hormone / plant development
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以陆地棉品种中棉所49号为材料，于2008－2010年在新疆阿克苏市开展了化学打顶和人工打顶的田间对比试验，研究了2种打顶方式下棉花农艺性状、冠层特征、棉铃空间分布、产量性状及纤维品质的异同点。结果表明，化学打顶后棉株高于人工打顶，但株宽、果枝长及叶枝长显著低于人工打顶，因而株型更紧凑、见絮期冠层透光性好。化学打顶棉花上部果枝结铃数和内围铃数略高于人工打顶，铃重与人工打顶的相当，衣分略有降低，子棉和皮棉产量与人工打顶相当且有增产潜力，对综合纤维品质无显著影响。
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【目的】选用氟节胺复配型、缩节胺复配型2种化学打顶剂，研究田间喷施化学打顶剂对棉花株型特征、冠层结构、群体光合生产及产量的影响，分析冠层结构变化对群体光合生产和产量的影响，为棉花化学打顶技术的应用提供理论依据。【方法】选用北疆棉区主栽品种（新陆早45号）和主推品种（系）（中棉所50、45-21）为试验材料，在田间自然条件下，以常规人工打顶的棉花为对照，分别测定不同棉花品种（系）株高、株宽、叶面积指数、叶片叶绿素含量、冠层不同部位透光率、群体光合速率及产量构成等指标。研究化学打顶技术对棉花叶面积指数、冠层透光率、群体光合速率及产量的影响。【结果】与人工打顶的棉花相比，化学打顶的棉花株高显著高于人工打顶处理，且喷药后生长量较大；株宽显著小于人工打顶处理，喷药后横向生长被明显抑制。化学打顶的棉花叶面积指数和叶片叶绿素含量较高，且高值持续期长，至初絮期（出苗后115 d）仍维持较高的值，与人工打顶的棉花相比差异均达到极显著水平；冠层上、中部透光率较高，生育后期冠层下部漏光损失较小。化学打顶的棉花群体光合速率显著高于人工打顶，且高值持续期长，至初絮期仍维持在16.04 μmol·m<sup>-2</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup>以上，较人工打顶的棉花高出14.35%—36.35%，差异均达到显著水平；群体呼吸速率在达到峰值前显著高于人工打顶的棉花，峰值后与人工打顶的棉花无显著差异；群体呼吸速率占群体总光合速率的比率高于人工打顶的棉花。化学打顶的棉花单株结铃多，其中氟节胺处理棉花产量高于人工打顶。【结论】棉花化学打顶技术具有塑造株型、调节棉花冠层结构形成的重要作用；同时棉花冠层上、中部透光率大，改善了冠层中下部光环境，保证了冠层各部位均匀的光分布。化学打顶的棉花叶面积指数高且高值持续期长，增加了光合面积。叶片叶绿素含量高且高值持续时间长，延长了光合时间，保证了较高的群体光合能力及长的光合功能持续期。
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A simplified indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) for small molecules was established by modifying the procedure of conventional icELISA. The key change was that the analyte, antibody, and enzyme-labeled second antibody in the simplified icELISA were added in one step, whereas in conventional icELISA these reagents were added in two separate steps. Three small chemicals, namely zeatin riboside, glycyrrhetinic acid, and chlorimuron-ethyl, were used to verify the new assay format and compare the results obtained from conventional icELISA and simplified icELISA. The results indicated that, under optimized conditions, the new assay offered several advantages over the conventional icELISA, which are simpler, less time consuming and higher sensitive although it requires more amount of reagents. The assay sensitivity (IC50) was improved for 1.2-1.4-fold. Four licorice roots samples were analyzed by conventional icELISA and simplified icELISA, as well as liquid chromatography (LC). There was no significant difference among the content obtained from the three methods for each sample. The correlation between data obtained from conventional icELISA and simplified icELISA analyses was 0.9888. The results suggest that the simplified icELISA be useful for high throughput screening of small molecules.
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以鲁棉研28为试验材料，设置了干旱（土壤相对含水量RWC<60%）和对照(RWC同常规棉田)2种处理，采用酶联免疫吸附法测定棉花主茎叶内源激素的含量。结果表明，2种处理下ZR含量变化呈单峰曲线，干旱出现的峰值极显著高于对照，但晚于对照；干旱处理下GA<sub>3</sub>含量出现2次峰值，说明较早进入生殖生长期；IAA含量的变化趋势差异不明显，干旱使中期叶片IAA含量显著提高；干旱处理下ABA含量前期出现一较高峰值，中后期缓慢上升，促进早衰。另外，干旱也改变了棉花主茎叶片ZR/ABA、GA<sub>3</sub>/ABA、IAA/ABA和(ZR+GA<sub>3</sub>)/ABA的动态平衡。干旱使ZR在功能期发挥作用的时间延长；GA<sub>3</sub>/ABA在激素平衡互作中关系密切；干旱处理下IAA/ABA前期较低，中后期升高，说明水分缺乏并不影响IAA和ABA在棉花生育后期发挥重要生理作用。
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目的 在不同灌水量条件下研究增效缩节胺(1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride,缓释型水乳剂,简称DPC<sup>+</sup>)对棉花化学封顶的效应,为完善新疆棉花化学封顶技术提供依据。方法 以早熟陆地棉品种新陆早53号为材料,设置不同的灌水量(3000,4800,6600 m<sup>3</sup>·hm<sup>-2</sup>)和DPC<sup>+</sup>剂量(450,750,1050 mL·hm<sup>-2</sup>),测定棉花农艺性状、生理特性及产量和品质等指标。结果 棉花株高和单株果枝数随DPC<sup>+</sup>剂量的增加而下降,低(450 mL·hm<sup>-2</sup>)、中(750 mL·hm<sup>-2</sup>)、高剂量(1050 mL·hm<sup>-2</sup>) DPC<sup>+</sup>处理的株高和单株果枝分别比人工打顶增加9.4 cm和4.8个,6.2 cm和3.9个,2.2 cm和2.6个。中等灌水量(4800 m<sup>3</sup>·hm<sup>-2</sup>)下棉花产量最高,比低灌水量(3000 m<sup>3</sup>·hm<sup>-2</sup>)处理增产20%左右,比高灌水量(6600 m<sup>3</sup>·hm<sup>-2</sup>)处理增产5%左右。低、中、高灌水量下,分别以低、中、高剂量DPC<sup>+</sup>的产量最高,一般较人工打顶提高5%~10%。低灌水量下低剂量DPC<sup>+</sup>处理主要依靠较大的群体生物量获得相对较高的产量,高灌水量下高剂量DPC<sup>+</sup>处理主要依靠较高的产量器官干物质分配率获得相对较高的产量,而中等灌水量下中等剂量DPC<sup>+</sup>处理的产量在所有处理中最高,得益于比较适宜的冠层生产能力和合理的干物质分配能力。结论 灌水量需要与DPC<sup>+</sup>剂量互相配合,在增加群体物质生产能力的同时保障营养生长和生殖生长协调,这是提高棉花DPC<sup>+</sup>化学封顶技术成功率的关键途径之一。
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This review contains the regulatory mechanisms of plant hormones in the ripening process of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, interactions between plant hormones and future research directions. The fruit ripening process involves physiological and biochemical changes such as pigment accumulation, softening, aroma and flavor formation. There is a great difference in the ripening process between climacteric fruits and non-climacteric fruits. The ripening of these two types of fruits is affected by endogenous signals and exogenous environments. Endogenous signaling plant hormones play an important regulatory role in fruit ripening. This paper systematically reviews recent progress in the regulation of plant hormones in fruit ripening, including ethylene, abscisic acid, auxin, jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellin, brassinosteroid (BR), salicylic acid (SA) and melatonin. The role of plant hormones in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits is discussed, with emphasis on the interaction between ethylene and other adjustment factors. Specifically, the research progress and future research directions of JA, SA and BR in fruit ripening are discussed, and the regulatory network between JA and other signaling molecules remains to be further revealed. This study is meant to expand the understanding of the importance of plant hormones, clarify the hormonal regulation network and provide a basis for targeted manipulation of fruit ripening.© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
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陈博雯, 覃子海, 张烨, 等. 干旱胁迫下澳洲茶树生理活性及内源激素动态变化研究[J]. 山东农业科学, 2019, 51:55-59.
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