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Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Guangxi Cinnamomum cassia Leaves and Screening for Excellent Germplasm
LONGLibing, LIANGWei, YUGuo, QINZhenghao, HUANGRongshao, YAOShaochang
Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (34) : 63-73.
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Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
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Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Guangxi Cinnamomum cassia Leaves and Screening for Excellent Germplasm
Cinnamon leaves are the primary source of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil. However, the lack of specialized leaf-oriented cultivars currently hinders the high-quality development of the cinnamon industry. To explore the diversity of leaf phenotypic traits and volatile oil content among different germplasms, and to screen elite leaf-use cultivars with high oil yields, this study was conducted using 300 accessions of 3-year-old F1 progeny seedlings from Guangxi. Twelve phenotypic traits (nine quantitative and three qualitative) were systematically measured, and multivariate statistical analysis was employed to decipher the phenotypic diversity and identify superior germplasm. The results are as follows. (1) The volatile oil content in the leaves of 300 cinnamon accessions ranged from 0.15% to 1.56%, with an average of 0.62%. Accession PN2 exhibited the highest content (1.56%). (2) The genetic diversity of quantitative traits was significantly higher than that of qualitative traits. For the nine quantitative traits, the coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 9.54% to 48.11% (with branch height showing the highest CV), and the diversity index (H’) ranged from 1.968 to 2.729 (with leaf volatile oil content recording the highest H’). In contrast, the three qualitative traits exhibited a CV of 12.61% to 30.88% and an H’ of 0.085 to 0.678. The genetic diversity index of nine quantitative traits was much higher than that of three qualitative traits. (3) Correlation analysis revealed that the leaf volatile oil content was significantly and positively correlated with plant height, branch height, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf drying rate (P<0.01), and significantly positively correlated with crown width (P<0.05). In contrast, a highly significant negative correlation was observed with leaf thickness (P<0.01). (4) Principal component analysis (PCA) yielded eight principal components, which collectively accounted for 86.706% of the total variance, thereby capturing the majority of the genetic information in the cinnamon germplasm. Plant height, crown width, and leaf length were identified as the key contributing factors. (5) Cluster analysis categorized the 300 germplasm accessions into 3 distinct groups. Group I (53 accessions) demonstrated the best overall performance, with a mean volatile oil content of 0.70% and a comprehensive score of 0.53. Based on a combined evaluation of these scores and oil content, 9 excellent accessions (PN5, PN11, PN18, PN20, etc.) were selected from this group, with volatile oil contents ranging from 0.885% to 1.305% and comprehensive scores between 0.563 and 0.691. This study provides high-quality germplasm resources and a theoretical foundation for breeding leaf-use cinnamon varieties.
cinnamon / leaf-use varieties / phenotypic traits / volatile oil content / excellent germplasm / correlation analysis / principal component analysis / cluster analysis
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为深入研究野杏种质资源遗传多样性，筛选发掘和高效利用野杏资源，本研究采用聚类分析、相关分析、主成分 分析和逐步线性回归分析，对 54 个野杏无性系的 15 个定性描述性状和 25 个定量描述性状进行了研究。结果表明：54 个野 杏无性系变异程度高，类型多样，遗传多样性丰富。其中，25 个定量描述性状的变异系数均值为 18.19%，单果重的变异系数 最大（42.56%）；定量描述性状的多样性指数（1.980）大于定性描述性状（0.761），核形指数的多样性指数最大（2.082）。聚 类分析将 54 个野杏无性系分为 5 个类群，类群Ⅰ可用于选育高出核率、高出仁率类型及特殊叶形的种质资源；类群Ⅱ可用于 选育特殊果实类型的种质；类群Ⅲ可作为培育特殊核、仁型品种的亲本材料；类群Ⅳ可用于选育大核、大仁、丰产类型的种 质；类群Ⅴ可作为核壳用资源。主成分分析表明前 7 个主成分能代表 25 个定量描述性状的大部分信息，累计贡献率达 83.31%。 野杏无性系表型性状的综合评价结果表明，甘肃会宁县的 270 号的综合得分最高（0.756）。结合逐步线性回归方法筛选出小 枝粗度、叶片长度、果长、单果重、核长、核宽、核厚、单核重、仁宽、仁形指数和出仁率可作为野杏无性系表型性状评价 的重要指标。
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