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Analysis of Leaf Trait Variation in Three Ornamental Plants of Oleaceae
HEJing, SUFurong, TIANXiaoping, ZHANGWanting, HANYing, WANGYufeng, LIXia
Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (34) : 46-52.
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Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
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Analysis of Leaf Trait Variation in Three Ornamental Plants of Oleaceae
The intraspecific and interspecific variations in plant leaf traits are the core carriers for revealing the mechanisms of community species coexistence and environmental adaptability, and are of great significance for understanding the mechanisms of community species coexistence and response to environmental changes. Taking Zhangye City, in the central part of the Hexi Corridor, as the research area, this study selected two typical habitats: road area (with high human interference) and park area (with low human interference). Three ornamental plants of the Oleaceae family, Ligustrum× vicaryi, Syringa oblata, and Forsythia suspensa, were selected as the research objects. Through mathematical statistics and significance tests, the variability characteristics of leaf morphology traits (5 items such as leaf area and specific leaf area), ecological stoichiometry traits (6 items such as leaf carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus content and ratio), and physiological and biochemical traits (5 items such as soluble sugar and superoxide dismutase) were systematically analyzed. The results showed that: (1) there were significant differences in the variation of leaf traits among three plant species in two different habitats. The interspecific variation coefficient of leaf traits in the road area was 1.01%-43.90%, while in the park area it was 1.51%-29.80%. The intraspecific variation coefficient was generally 2%-40%. Moreover, the interspecific variation amplitude of leaf traits in the road area was generally larger than that in the park area, indicating that plant leaf traits are more sensitive to environmental response in high disturbance environments. (2) In terms of classification, leaf area and specific leaf area showed the most significant variation in leaf morphological traits (road area coefficient of variation 27.01%-30.84%). In terms of ecological stoichiometry, nitrogen phosphorus ratio (N/P) had the largest variation in road area (43.90%), and carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N) had the largest variation in park area (29.80%). Soluble sugar content had the highest variation in physiological and biochemical traits (road area 24.03%, park area 23.80%). (3) In terms of species specificity, the coefficient of variation of leaf area and specific leaf area of Ligustrum× vicaryi is significantly higher than that of Syringa oblata and Forsythia suspensa. Syringa oblata has the highest coefficient of variation in leaf dry matter content (4.85% in the park area), while Forsythia suspensa has the highest coefficient of variation in soluble sugar and malondialdehyde content (24.03% and 23.91% in the road area, respectively). This study clarified the variation patterns and environmental driven differences in leaf traits of ornamental plants in the Oleaceae family in Zhangye City, providing a scientific basis for habitat adaptation selection of Oleaceae plants in urban green space systems in arid areas of Northwest China, such as prioritizing the allocation of strong anti-interference Ligustrum× vicaryi in road areas.
Oleaceae / ornamental plants / leaf traits / intraspecific variation / interspecific variation / landscape and green space system / central Hexi Corridor
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科学家早已注意到，具有长叶寿命的植物通常生长于营养和（或）水分较为缺乏的环境，而具短叶寿命的植物一般生长在具有较高的营养可利用性地带。国外大量的实验研究结果表明，单位重量的叶氮含量（Nmass）与叶的最大光合速率存在密切正相关，而比叶面积（单位干重量的叶面积）与植物生产单位叶面积的物质成本呈负相关，二者又随叶寿命的增加而降低,这种相互关系几乎在所有植物种群和群落中都普遍存在，反映了植物对环境适应的趋同进化特征，是进一步理解生态系统行为特征的基础。松属(Pinus)及云杉(Picea)、冷杉(Abies)等常绿针叶树种的叶寿命一般随海拔的升高而增大，其相关叶性状也普遍存在明显的垂直分布格局：随着海拔升高，单位面积的叶氮含量（Narea）及最大光合速率增加，而比叶面积则减少。一般认为，长的叶寿命是对高寒及养分、水分贫乏等胁迫环境的适应，而短的叶寿命和（或）落叶性被认为是植物为了快速生长以及对干旱或寒冬等季节性胁迫环境的适应结果。根据成本-效益分析理论，在特定环境条件下叶寿命大小取决于形成并维护单位叶面积所需要的物质消耗与叶片碳收获的平衡，与常绿/落叶森林植被纬向/垂直地带性分布存在一种内在联系机理。因此，叶寿命及其相关叶性状成为将叶片水平上的生理生态实验数据扩展到整个群落冠层乃至生物地理群区的关键因子。加强叶寿命及其相关叶性状的格局分析研究，可为现有的区域生物地球化学循环模型与植被地理模型的连接（即区域植被动态模型）提供科学依据，这将有助于从机理上解释区域植被对全球变化的适应与响应机制。但是，以往植物生理生态研究大多注重于个体叶片水平的测定，仍不清楚如何实现这些叶性状在不同尺度间的转换，尤其是从叶片水平上升至整个群落冠层。国际上至今仍缺乏在生态系统水平上的大量野外观测数据来定量描述这些叶性状与群落特征、气候因子的数量关系；国内相关研究基本尚属空白。
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