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Effects of Bolting Yield on Yield of Vegetable and Oilseed Dual Purpose Rape
YANGJiaqun, WANGXianghua, ZHOUZhihua, HUBing, RENTao, LUJianwei
Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8) : 23-29.
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Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
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Effects of Bolting Yield on Yield of Vegetable and Oilseed Dual Purpose Rape
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between bolting yield and seed yield in vegetable and oilseed dual purpose rape, determine the optimal bolting harvest level, and establish efficient agronomic practices for dual purpose rape. Field experiments were conducted during 2024-2025 in Wuxue City and Shayang County, Hubei Province. A gradient control method was used, with 11 treatments of bolting yield levels ranging from 0 (no bolting yield) to 7.50 t/hm2. The response patterns of key indicators were analyzed, including bolting biomass, seed yield, harvest index, and seed yield components. The results showed that seed yield initially increased slightly but subsequently declined continuously with increasing bolting yield. When the bolting yield was 0.75 t/hm2, seed yields peaked at 3269 kg/hm2 in Wuxue and 3095 kg/hm2 in Shayang, which were increased by 5.3% and 3.8%, respectively, compared to the non-harvested control. However, when bolting yield exceeded 4.50 t/hm2, seed yields decreased by 13.8%-43.9% in Wuxue and 11.3%-43.5% in Shayang compared to the control. The primary reason was a reduction in pods per plant which decreased by an average of 35.7% and 34.3% at the two sites, respectively. Yield component analysis revealed that pods per plant was the dominant factor influencing seed yield, with relative contribution rates of 46.3% (Wuxue) and 42.9% (Shayang), followed by plant density (24.8% and 31.3%) and seeds per pod (20.2% and 16.2%), while 1000-seed weight had minimal impact. Quadratic regression models between bolting yield and seed yield identified two critical thresholds: a yield-neutral bolting yield threshold (1.76 t/hm2 for Wuxue and 2.18 t/hm2 for Shayang), below which seed yield remained unaffected, and an economically optimal threshold (4.02 t/hm2 for Wuxue and 4.27 t/hm2 for Shayang) that balanced economic benefits with seed yield (achieving 90% of non-harvested yield). These findings suggest that a bolting yield of approximately 2 t/hm2 maximizes dual-purpose productivity without compromising seed yield, and bolting yield should be controlled below 4t/hm2 to balance economic returns and seed production. Field practices should select appropriate bolting yields based on targeted seed yield goals and economic priorities.
oilseed rape / vegetable and oilseed dual purpose rape / bolting yield / yield / yield components
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菜油两用是发展油菜多功能利用的重要途径，明确不摘薹和摘薹油菜的追施氮肥用量对油菜籽产量及其构成因子的影响，可为菜油两用油菜科学施肥提供依据。2022-2023年在湖北省洪湖市和武穴市布置田间试验，主处理设置为不摘薹和摘薹，副处理为追施氮肥（N）0、22.5、45.0、67.5、90.0和112.5 kg/hm²。与不摘薹油菜相比，洪湖和武穴试验点在摘薹（鲜量）分别为6217 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>和6613 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>的条件下，两个试验点的油菜籽分别平均减产5.0%和24.7%，其中不追肥和低追肥量处理的减产幅度高于中高追肥量处理。薹期追施氮肥显著提高油菜籽产量，且摘薹油菜对追施氮肥的响应程度高于不摘薹油菜。洪湖点不摘薹和摘薹油菜分别追施氮肥40.6 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>和42.2 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>时可获得最高产量，而武穴点相应的最佳追施氮肥用量分别为33.4 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>和40.3 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>，说明菜油两用油菜的薹期追施氮肥用量要高于常规油菜。追施氮肥显著增加不摘薹油菜一次分枝上的角果数和摘薹油菜二次分枝上的角果数，摘薹与不摘薹相比能增加油菜的每角粒数但千粒重显著降低。摘薹油菜籽的含油率略高于不摘薹油菜，追施氮肥降低籽粒含油率，适宜追施氮肥能有效提高产油量。研究结果说明在油菜薹期摘薹6.4 t/hm²左右的条件下无论是否追施氮肥均会显著降低油菜籽产量，追施氮肥可以弥补产量的损失，适宜氮肥（N）用量为40 kg/hm²左右。
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