To clarify the carbon storage and carbon density of forest vegetation in Zoucheng, and to provide a scientific basis for its forest carbon storage, this study estimates the biomass of arboreal forests and sparse forests within the jurisdiction of Zoucheng using both the biomass-volume conversion model estimation method and the average biomass method, based on the 2023 integrated forest and grassland ecological monitoring data. It further analyzes the distribution characteristics of carbon storage across different tree species, forest types, and age groups. The results are as follows. The forest carbon storage in Zoucheng is 7.85×10⁵ t, and the average carbon density is 27.62 t/hm². The forest carbon stock is predominantly concentrated in arboreal forests, accounting for 87.26% of the total forest carbon storage. The carbon storage capacity of forest stands across different age groups follows the order: young forests> middle-aged forests> near-mature forests> mature forests> over-mature forests. Young and medium-aged stands constitute 88.59% of the total carbon stock in forest stands. The carbon storage of different forest categories in arboreal forests follows the order: timber forest> protection forest> economic forest> special-use forest. Timber forests have the highest carbon stock, accounting for 58.16%. Carbon density is ranked as: protection forest> timber forest> special-use forest> economic forest. Forest carbon storage is closely related to forest types, and it mainly concentrates in arboreal forests. The percentage of carbon storage in arbor forests in Zoucheng is similar to that in Guangxi, but lower than that in Yunnan and Hubei. The carbon storage of arbor forests is primarily concentrated in young forests and middle-aged forests. With the growth of young forests and middle-aged forests, the forest carbon of Zoucheng will be increased.