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Screening of Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and Research Progress on Growth-Promoting Mechanisms
LIUJiawen, GUPeiwen, ZHANGLiang, ZHAOZhipeng, CAOLingxiao, YANGQiong
Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12) : 48-59.
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Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
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Screening of Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and Research Progress on Growth-Promoting Mechanisms
The excessive application of chemical fertilizers has caused soil degradation and ecological pollution. The development of bio-green alternative technologies has become an urgent need for sustainable agricultural development. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the key biological resources for ecological cultivation, which can promote crop growth and stress resistance through nutrient activation, hormone regulation and signal communication. To clarify the application potential of PGPR to meet the cultivation needs of wine grapes in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains in Ningxia, and to provide theoretical support for the construction of green agricultural biological solutions, this paper systematically reviews relevant domestic and international research. It summarizes the traditional single-strain screening methods and synthetic community construction strategies for PGPR, and reviews their core growth-promoting mechanisms (nutrient mobilization, root system regulation, hormone network modulation, and volatile substance-mediated effects), as well as the application of transcriptomics technology in the study of interaction mechanisms. The paper focuses on analyzing the interaction pathways between PGPR and host plants. The research indicates that PGPR can significantly increase crop yields (by 14.96% to 56.67%) and enhance stress resistance through multiple growth-promoting pathways, and a number of excellent strains and key functional genes have been identified. This paper points out that current research faces problems such as poor colonization stability of PGPR in the field and unclear molecular interaction mechanisms. It proposes that future research needs to combine multi-omics technologies to optimize microbial community formulations, strengthen field validation, and promote the sustainable application of PGPR in precision ecological agriculture.
plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) / growth-promoting mechanism / synthetic microbial consortia / volatile substances (VOCs) / rhizosphere interaction / transcriptomics
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Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can alleviate available phosphorus (AP)-deficiency without causing environmental pollution like chemical phosphate fertilizers. However, the research and application of PSB on the barren rocky soil is very rare. We screened six PSB from sweetpotato rhizosphere rocky soil. Among them, Ochrobactrum haematophilum FP12 showed the highest P-solubilizing ability of 1,085.00 mg/L at 7 days, which was higher than that of the most reported PSB. The assembled genome of PSB FP12 was 4.92 Mb with P-solubilizing and plant growth-promoting genes. In an AP-deficient environment, according to transcriptome and metabolomics analysis, PSB FP12 upregulated genes involved in gluconic acid synthesis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and increased the concentration of gluconic acid and malic acid, which would result in the enhanced P-solubilizing ability. Moreover, a series of experiments in the laboratory and field confirmed the efficient role of the screened PSB on significantly increasing AP in the barren rocky soil and promoting sweetpotato yield. So, in this study, we screened highly efficient PSB, especially suitable for the barren rocky soil, and explored the P-solubilizing mechanism. The research will reduce the demand for chemical phosphate fertilizers and promote the environment-friendly agricultural development.
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Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient in sustainable production of sugarcane. Due to low labile P in soil under sugarcane cultivation, evaluation of the efficiency of P uptake and the application of phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) play important roles in management of P fertiliser. To investigate the effect of using PSB on P uptake in sugarcane (variety CP57–614), a pot experiment was conducted with three replications in greenhouse conditions. The treatments were a combination of three P rates (0 (P0), 50 and 100% (~40 mg kg-1) as triple superphosphate, and two PSB strains (Enterobacter cloacae R13 (R13) and R33 (R33)) which were applied independently and simultaneously. Morphological characteristics of sugarcane and some biochemical parameters were evaluated in the rhizosphere at three harvesting times: 60, 95 and 140 days after planting (DAP). Whereas in low available P (P0), bacterial strain R33 improved P uptake along with sugarcane ageing, P uptake was diminished in non-inoculated treatment over time. Activity of PSBs in the rhizosphere (especially strain R33) prevented the sharp fall of P influx after 95 DAP in low available P condition. Indeed, activity of R33 in the rhizosphere decreased the dependence of P uptake on root development via improving P uptake. Therefore, influx was the main mechanism of P uptake in sugarcane. Sugarcane inoculated by PSBs acquired 76 and 81% of total P uptake from non-Olsen-P fraction in P0R13 and P0R33 respectively at 95 DAP. However, this amount was lower (70.4%) in P0R0. Furthermore, strain R33 improved P uptake efficiency in sugarcane by changing root morphology (e.g. specific root length and root length) and reducing soil limitations (e.g. enhancement of P compound solubility and P influx).
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The association of endophytic bacteria with their plant hosts has a beneficial effect for many different plant species. Our goal is to identify endophytic bacteria that improve the biomass production and the carbon sequestration potential of poplar trees (Populus spp.) when grown in marginal soil and to gain an insight in the mechanisms underlying plant growth promotion. Members of the Gammaproteobacteria dominated a collection of 78 bacterial endophytes isolated from poplar and willow trees. As representatives for the dominant genera of endophytic gammaproteobacteria, we selected Enterobacter sp. strain 638, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R551-3, Pseudomonas putida W619, and Serratia proteamaculans 568 for genome sequencing and analysis of their plant growth-promoting effects, including root development. Derivatives of these endophytes, labeled with gfp, were also used to study the colonization of their poplar hosts. In greenhouse studies, poplar cuttings (Populus deltoides x Populus nigra DN-34) inoculated with Enterobacter sp. strain 638 repeatedly showed the highest increase in biomass production compared to cuttings of noninoculated control plants. Sequence data combined with the analysis of their metabolic properties resulted in the identification of many putative mechanisms, including carbon source utilization, that help these endophytes to thrive within a plant environment and to potentially affect the growth and development of their plant hosts. Understanding the interactions between endophytic bacteria and their host plants should ultimately result in the design of strategies for improved poplar biomass production on marginal soils as a feedstock for biofuels.
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根际促生菌对植物的生长和健康具有重要作用,是微生物肥料的主要菌种来源,对促进化肥减施增效和农业绿色发展意义重大。根际促生菌主要通过活化根际养分和促进根系发育提高养分的利用效率、促进植物的生长。根际促生菌的定殖能调控植物根系构型（Root System Architecture,RSA）,影响主根的伸长,促进侧根和根毛的发育。根际促生菌一方面分泌各种植物激素直接影响其根系发育,另一方面通过分泌多种信号物质调控植物根系的内源激素途径而影响RSA。根际促生菌种类众多,对根系的影响也复杂多样,为了利用根际促生菌及其代谢物质调控形成不同作物的理想RSA,促进根际养分的吸收利用,仍需系统发掘根际促生菌调控RSA的新型信号物质,深入揭示它们的作用机制,促进根际促生菌在减肥增效和农业绿色发展中的应用。综述了目前已经鉴定的根际促生菌调控RSA的激素和信号,总结了根际促生菌信号物质调控植物RSA的分子机制的研究进展,并对今后的研究提出展望。
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One of the proposed mechanisms by which rhizobacteria enhance plant growth is through the production of plant growth regulators. Five plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains produced the cytokinin dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) in pure culture. Cytokinin production by Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18, a rifampicin-resistant mutant (RIF), and two TnphoA-derived mutants (CNT1, CNT2), with reduced capacity to synthesize cytokinins, was further characterized in pure culture using immunoassay and thin layer chromatography. G20-18 produced higher amounts of three cytokinins, isopentenyl adenosine (IPA), trans-zeatin ribose (ZR), and DHZR than the three mutants during stationary phase. IPA was the major metabolite produced, but the proportion of ZR and DHZR accumulated by CNT1 and CNT2 increased with time. No differences were observed between strain G20-18 and the mutants in the amounts of indole acetic acid synthesized, nor were gibberellins detected in supernatants of any of the strains. Addition of 10(-5) M adenine increased cytokinin production in 96- and 168-h cultures of strain G20-18 by approximately 67%. G20-18 and the mutants CNT1 and CNT2 may be useful for determination of the role of cytokinin production in plant growth promotion by PGPR.
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\n Inoculation of corn (\n Zea mays\n ) seeds with\n Azospirillum brasilense\n strain Cd or Sp 7 significantly enhanced (30 to 50% over controls) the uptake of NO\n 3\n −\n, K\n +\n, and H\n 2\n PO\n 4\n −\n into 3- to 4-day- and 2-week-old root segments. No gross changes in root morphology were observed; altered cell arrangement in the outer four or five layers of the cortex was seen in photomicrographs of cross sections of inoculated corn roots. The surface activity involved in ion uptake probably increased, as shown by the darker staining by methylene blue of the affected area. Shoot dry weight increased 20 to 30% in inoculated plants after 3 weeks, presumably by enhancement of mineral uptake. Corn and sorghum plants grown to maturity on limiting nutrients in the greenhouse showed improved growth from inoculation approaching that of plants grown on normal nutrient concentrations. Enhanced ion uptake may be a significant factor in the crop yield enhancement reported for\n Azospirillum\n inoculation.\n
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A plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium belonging to the genus Achromobacter was isolated from the oilseed-rape (Brassica napus) root. Growth promotion bioassays were performed with oilseed rape seedlings in a growth chamber in test tubes containing attapulgite and mineral nutrient solution, containing NO3- as N source. The presence of this Achromobacter strain increased shoot and root dry weight by 22-33% and 6-21%, respectively. Inoculation of young seedlings with the Achromobacter bacteria induced a 100% improvement in NO3- uptake by the whole root system. Observations on the seminal root of seedlings 20 h after inoculation showed that there was an enhancement of both the number and the length of root hairs, compared to non-inoculated seedlings. Electrophysiological measurements of NO3- net flux with ion-selective microelectrodes showed that inoculation resulted in a specific increase of net nitrate flux in a root zone morphologically similar in inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The root area increased due to root hair stimulation by the Achromobacter bacteria, which might have contributed to the improvement of NO3- uptake by the whole root system, together with the enhancement of specific NO3- uptake rate. Moreover, inoculated plants showed increased potassium net influx and proton net efflux. Overall, the data presented suggest that the inoculation of oilseed-rape with the bacteria Achromobacter affects the mineral uptake.Key words: Brassica napus, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, Achromobacter sp., mineral uptake, root morphology.
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荣良燕, 柴强, 姚拓, 等. 复合微生物接种剂替代部分化肥对豌豆间作玉米的促生效应[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(2):22-30.
通过测定16株供试菌株的固氮酶活性、溶磷量、分泌生长激素能力以及拮抗病原菌特性,筛选出5株优良促生菌,将其与1株豌豆根瘤菌(ACCC 16101)制成复合微生物接种剂,进行田间小区试验,研究复合微生物接种剂替代部分化肥对豌豆间作玉米体系生长状况及产量的影响。结果表明,复合微生物接种剂在210 d的储存期内有效活菌数均大于3.0×10<sup>9</sup> cfu/mL,符合《微生物肥料》标准(NY227-94)。与使用100%化肥相比,制成的复合微生物接种剂替代20%化肥后,豌豆成熟期的根长增加3.18 cm(P<0.05),豌豆盛花期和成熟期的根系干重分别增加0.88和2.39 g(P<0.05),豌豆单株结荚数、单荚粒数、单株粒重、籽粒产量分别增加1.2个、0.5个、0.63 g、0.64 t/hm<sup>2</sup>(P<0.05);玉米开花期株高增长8.91 cm(P<0.05),玉米穗重、籽粒产量分别提高4.33 t/hm<sup>2</sup>、1.87 t/hm<sup>2</sup>(P<0.05)。复合微生物接种剂替代20%化肥使豌豆、玉米分别增收972.00元/hm<sup>2</sup>、3835.05元/hm<sup>2</sup>。
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高晓星, 满百膺, 陈秀蓉, 等. 东祁连山线叶嵩草内生细菌X4的产吲哚乙酸、解磷、抗菌和耐盐特性研究及分子鉴定[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(4):137-146.
线叶嵩草内生细菌X4分离自东祁连山高寒草地,对其产吲哚乙酸、解磷、抗菌和耐盐特性及其分子生物学特性研究结果表明,其在含色氨酸的金氏培养基中分泌吲哚乙酸的量为50.74 mg/L,溶磷圈直径/菌落直径(D/d)值分别为3.23和4.31,对辣椒立枯丝核病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、油菜菌核病菌及番茄灰霉病菌都有抑制作用,且致菌丝生长畸形,菌落生长的酸碱度范围为7～10,耐NaCl溶液范围为<7%,菌体短杆状,革兰氏阴性,无芽孢,16S rDNA序列与普城沙雷氏菌(Serratia plymuthica)最为接近。该菌具有微生物杀菌剂、改良土壤等潜力。
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蔡美杰, 张恩慧, 张鑫鑫, 等. 盐胁迫甘蓝DH幼苗添加细胞分裂素效果研究[J]. 东北农业大学学报, 2019, 50(5):19-25,34.
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The identification of most of the genes involved in the metabolic pathways for gibberellin hormones has helped us to understand these pathways and their regulation. Many of these enzymes are multifunctional and therefore fewer enzymes than might be expected are required to synthesize the various gibberellin structures. However, several of the enzymes are encoded by multiple genes that are regulated differently, adding unexpected genetic complexity. Several endogenous and environmental factors modify the expression of gibberellin biosynthesis genes, including developmental stage, hormonal status and light. A future challenge will be to dissect the complex, interacting pathways that mediate the regulation of gibberellin metabolism.
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Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 enhances growth and photosynthesis in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and several crop plants. In the present study, the effects of seed soaking with GB03 suspension culture and its volatile organic compounds on seed germination of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. were investigated, and soil-grown C. pilosula seedlings were assayed to measure growth and photosynthetic capacity after soil inoculation with GB03. Both seed soaking with GB03 suspension culture and the presence of volatile organic compounds enhanced seed germination, especially seed germination vigour. GB03 significantly improved shoot and root length, branching, plant biomass (whole plant fresh and dry weight), leaf area and chlorophyll content in C. pilosula seedlings after 20, 40 and 60 days of soil inoculation. GB03 significantly enhanced transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate, but decreased intercellular CO2 concentration. This study provides insight for the application of selected bacteria to improve biomass in Chinese herbal crops.
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Plant neighbor detection and response strategies are important mediators of interactions among species. Despite increasing knowledge of neighbor detection and response involving plant volatiles, less is known about how soil-borne signaling chemicals may act belowground in plant–plant interactions. Here, we experimentally demonstrate neighbor detection and allelopathic responses between wheat and 100 other plant species via belowground signaling. Wheat can detect both conspecific and heterospecific neighbors and responds by increasing allelochemical production. Furthermore, we show that (-)-loliolide and jasmonic acid are present in root exudates from a diverse range of species and are able to trigger allelochemical production in wheat. These findings suggest that root-secreted (-)-loliolide and jasmonic acid are involved in plant neighbor detection and allelochemical response and may be widespread mediators of belowground plant-plant interactions.
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Plants are constantly exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are released during plant-plant communication, within-plant self-signaling, and plant-microbe interactions. Therefore, understanding VOC perception and downstream signaling is vital for unraveling the mechanisms behind information exchange in plants, which remain largely unexplored. Using the hormone-like function of volatile terpenoids in reproductive organ development as a system with a visual marker for communication, we demonstrate that a petunia karrikin-insensitive receptor, PhKAI2ia, stereospecifically perceives the (-)-germacrene D signal, triggering a KAI2-mediated signaling cascade and affecting plant fitness. This study uncovers the role(s) of the intermediate clade of KAI2 receptors, illuminates the involvement of a KAI2ia-dependent signaling pathway in volatile communication, and provides new insights into plant olfaction and the long-standing question about the nature of potential endogenous KAI2 ligand(s).
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Bacterial interactions with neighboring microorganisms via production of small metabolites enable bacteria to respond and adapt to environmental changes. The study of intercellular interactions primarily focused on soluble metabolites, but bacteria also produce and release into their headspace a wide variety of volatile secondary metabolites, the ecological roles of which have generally been overlooked. However, bacterial volatile compounds are known to contribute to interkingdom interactions (plant, fungi and nematodes), and recent studies also identified their at-a-distance influence on bacterial behavior. The present review describes the biological roles of bacterial volatile compounds in inter- and intraspecies bacterial interactions, a new and yet unexplored research area, with potential clinical and industrial applications. © FEMS 2015. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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The mutualistic association of roots with ectomycorrhizal fungi promotes plant health and is a hallmark of boreal and temperate forests worldwide. In the pre-colonization phase, before direct contact, lateral root (LR) production is massively stimulated, yet little is known about the signals exchanged during this step. Here, we identify sesquiterpenes (SQTs) as biologically active agents emitted by Laccaria bicolor while interacting with Populus or Arabidopsis. We show that inhibition of fungal SQT production by lovastatin strongly reduces LR proliferation and that (–)-thujopsene, a low-abundance SQT, is sufficient to stimulate LR formation in the absence of the fungus. Further, we show that the ectomycorrhizal ascomycote, Cenococcum geophilum, which cannot synthesize SQTs, does not promote LRs. We propose that the LR-promoting SQT signal creates a win-win situation by enhancing the root surface area for plant nutrient uptake and by improving fungal access to plant-derived carbon via root exudates.
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