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Comprehensive Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Yield of Millet in Summer Millet Area of North China
WANGShuting, QINJiafan, LIUZhongling, LIXiaoyan, HANJudong, CHUYingying, SUNXiaojuan
Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11) : 24-31.
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Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
PDF(1398 KB)
Comprehensive Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Yield of Millet in Summer Millet Area of North China
To breed millet varieties suitable for summer sowing in the summer millet area of North China, using the regional trial data of millet varieties across the country in 2023, grey correlation analysis and membership function analysis were conducted on the main yield-related traits and resistance-related traits of 21 millet varieties (lines) participating in the trial to explore the relationship between agronomic traits and yield. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of grain weight of spike was the highest at 8.24%, while the coefficient of variation of yield rate of millet was relatively low at 1.41%. The yield was highly correlated with the weight per spike (0.7409) and the grain weight of spike (0.7321). The results of membership function analysis showed that the panicle traits of ‘Zhongzagu 76’performed exceptionally well, among which spike length (0.9722), spike thickness (1), weight per ear (1), grain weight per ear (1), and thousand kernel weight (1) all had higher membership values; the processing quality was also good, with its yield rate of millet value of 0.8652. At the same time, ‘Zhongzagu 72’ was also outstanding in panicle characters, with spike length belonging to 1, spike thickness (0.8621), weight per ear (0.7432), grain weight per ear (0.8) and thousand kernel weight (0.9773) were also at a high level, and its yield rate of millet was 0.9265. In addition, the membership function values of these two varieties in terms of waterlogging tolerance and lodging resistant were both 1, indicating good performance in these two resistances. However, both of them performed moderately in terms of disease resistance (including foxtail millet rust, sheath blight and sclerospora graminicola), and there was still room for further improvement. ‘Yugu 49’ and ‘Yugu 54’ performed well in terms of foxtail millet blast and foxtail millet rust (membership function values are both 1), but their panicle traits and yield stability were slightly weaker, making it suitable for promotion in areas with a high incidence of diseases. High-yield and high-quality millet requires a balance between panicle shape, quality and stress resistance. ‘Zhongzagu 76’ and ‘Zhongzagu 72’ have excellent comprehensive performance, and the disease-resistant genes of the Yugu series are prominent, making it of significant breeding value.
millet / grey relational analysis / membership function analysis / comprehensive evaluation / selection and breeding of millet
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【目的】探究甘薯的耐低温机制,明确影响甘薯薯苗耐低温特性的关键因素,为甘薯薯苗耐冷资源鉴定与筛选及耐低温胁迫机制的研究提供理论依据。【方法】选取30个代表性甘薯品种的薯苗,在4℃低温胁迫处理下,测定其生理指标和抗氧化酶活性变化,同时观测甘薯薯苗在低温胁迫下生理特性的变化,利用隶属函数分析,筛选出较耐低温的甘薯品种。【结果】低温胁迫下,不同基因型甘薯薯苗生理指标均有一定差异。与低温胁迫之前相比,所有薯苗相对电导率（ relative electrical conductivity,REC）和脯氨酸含量均有不同程度的增加,苏薯16的相对电导率变化最大,高达40.16%,脯氨酸含量增加最多的是辽薯15,高达3.66 μg·g <sup>-1</sup>FW;丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase,POD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化酶（aseorbate peroxidase,APX）呈上升趋势;30个品种薯苗,MDA含量增加变化最大的是苏渝303;所有薯苗SOD活性呈上升趋势,SOD活性增加变化最大的是渝薯17,胁迫前后变化高达27.59 U·g <sup>-1</sup>FW,但宁紫薯1号、商徐紫1号、紫罗兰薯苗处于萎蔫濒死状态,SOD活性变化呈现负值;所有薯苗POD活性呈现上升趋势,POD活性变化最高的是赣10-20,高达29.21 U·(g·min) <sup>-1</sup>,紫罗兰POD含量变化呈现负值;CAT活性上升最大的是红香蕉;APX活性变化呈上升趋势,烟薯25、红香蕉、龙紫薯6号变化最大,普薯32、商薯8号、紫罗兰变化最小;脯氨酸含量增加最多的是辽薯15,高达3.66,是商徐紫1号的5倍。甘薯薯苗生理指标相关性分析可知,相对电导率和MDA含量与薯苗的耐冷性呈负相关,SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性与薯苗耐冷性呈正相关,脯氨酸含量与薯苗耐冷性呈正相关。【结论】在低温胁迫下,薯苗耐冷性由强到弱：龙薯515>赣10-20>南薯010>红香蕉>广薯87>苏薯8号>渝薯17>龙紫薯6号>烟薯25>浙薯13>遗字138>甘薯166-7>秦紫薯2号>徐薯55-2>辽薯19>辽薯15>龙薯14>徐薯22>商薯19>普薯32>宁紫薯2号>龙薯9号>商薯8号>徐紫薯8号>红东>苏薯16>台湾英沟>商徐紫1号>苏渝303>紫罗兰。
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【目的】 筛选不同选择目标下最适宜的谷子品种,综合评价适宜不同选择目标的最佳谷子品种。【方法】 2021~2022年分析对比20份谷子新品种的25个农艺性状、产量和品质指标,利用熵权法对各指标赋权,采用DTOPSIS法、灰色关联度分析法评价对不同品种的农艺性状及产量与品质。【结果】 除千粒重外,其余24个指标的谷子品种间差异均达极显著水平。2种分析方法的排序结果与产量排序结果的吻合程度更高,即灰色关联度分析较DTOPSIS法更注重评价产量。C<sub>i</sub>最大差异值为30.01%,r<sub>i</sub>最大差异值为7.71%,γ最大差异值为11.85%,DTOPSIS法更能体现出各谷子品种的差异性。【结论】 DTOPSIS法和熵权法赋权的加权灰色关联度分析法适用于综合评价谷子品种。半干旱生产区应选择张杂谷16号;各性状更平衡的品种应选择金苗K<sub>2</sub>;兼顾产量和各性状平衡的品种应选择济谷22号。
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本试验以30份国内外苜蓿(Medicago sativa)种质资源为研究对象，从农艺性状和品质性状角度分析供试苜蓿种质的遗传多样性，为苜蓿合理选配亲本和品种改良提供科学依据。结果表明：2022和2023年供试苜蓿种质的株高、单株干重、单株茎干重、单株叶干重及茎叶比分别在54.69 cm～94.50 cm,21.02 g～43.55 g,11.04 g～26.07 g,7.61 g～18.65 g,1.01～1.92范围内变动，粗灰分、干物质、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、钙、磷、中性和酸性洗涤纤维、相对饲喂价值、可消化干物质、干物质采食率分别在6.52%～11.63%,93.21%～95.89%,2.09%～3.63%,15.88%～25.10%,1.54%～2.88%,0.19%～0.29%,34.27%～47.60%,26.30%～42.23%,109.44%～180.79%,55.60%～68.41%,1.92%～2.73%范围内变动。相关性分析表明，单株叶干重与相对饲喂价值呈极显著正相关关系(P＜0.01)。用两年各指标均值进行灰色关联度综合评价及聚类分析，30份种质材料分为4类，其中材料Zxy2010p-15485，Zxy2015p-13722，Zxy2010p-7667和Zxy2010p-7576综合表现较高，可作为苜蓿新品种选育和改良的优异亲本材料。
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Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is an important cereal crop with rich nutritional value. Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability (DUS) are the prerequisites for the application of new variety rights for foxtail millet. In this study, we investigated 32 DUS test characteristics of 183 foxtail millet resources, studied their artificial selection trends, and identified the varieties that conform to breeding trends. The results indicated significant differences in terms of the means, ranges, and coefficients of variation for each characteristic. A correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlations between various DUS characteristics. A principal component analysis was conducted on 31 test characteristics to determine their primary characteristics. By plotting PC1 and PC2, all the germplasm resources could be clearly distinguished. The trends in foxtail millet breeding were identified through a differential analysis of the DUS test characteristics between the landrace and cultivated varieties. Based on these breeding trends, the optimal solution types for multiple evaluation indicators were determined; the weight allocation was calculated; and a specific TOPSIS algorithm was designed to establish a comprehensive multi-criteria decision-making model. Using this model, the breeding potential of foxtail millet germplasm resources were ranked. These findings provided important reference for foxtail millet breeding in the future.
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Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. beauv) is an important crop in underdeveloped countries; however, yield levels are low. The use of varied germplasm in a breeding approach is critical for increasing productivity. Foxtail millet can be cultivated effectively in a wide range of environmental circumstances but it is best suited to hot and dry climates.
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白晓雷, 柴晓娇, 付颖, 等. 25个谷子品种农艺性状及产量比较分析[J]. 现代农业科技, 2024(20):17-20,24.
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