In order to solve the problems of traditional agricultural insurance in the risk protection of peach industry, such as difficult loss determination, slow claim settlement and high moral hazard, the scientific weather index insurance mechanism was constructed to accurately and efficiently transfer the risk of peach planting and stabilize the income of peach industry. Based on the spring flowering temperature data of crisp peach in Lu'an from 1991 to 2020, taking the daily minimum temperature of 0℃ as the critical value of the key disaster causing factor of low temperature freezing injury, this paper defines the low temperature weather index (I) of crisp peach in Lu'an as the maximum duration of low temperature events during the flowering period in the insurance period. On this basis, the K-means clustering analysis method was used to establish the low-temperature freezing injury grade index of crisp peach at flowering stage, and the low-temperature freezing injury weather insurance index of crisp peach at flowering stage was designed, which was popularized and applied in pilot projects. The results showed that the low temperature freezing injury of Lu'an crisp peach could be divided into four grades: mild (0<I≤1), moderate (1<I≤3), severe (3<I≤5) and extra heavy (I>5). When the weather index of low temperature and freezing injury was ≥2 d, the compensation was started, and the compensation proportion was 6%-50%. The average compensation rate of low temperature and freezing injury of crisp peaches in Lu'an from 1991 to 2020 was 5.1%, and the average compensation amount was 770 yuan per hectare. The pilot application shows that the weather index insurance product is basically reasonable, and the research results can provide scientific and technical support for agricultural insurance companies to design crisp peach spring low temperature weather index insurance products.