Effect of Partial Chemical Nitrogen Substitution by Organic Fertilizer on Potato Yield and Quality

ZHAO Mingming; LI Ke; DU Furong; ZHANG Mei; HU Xinyan; CHEN Xiaoguang

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0676

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Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5) : 128-134. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0676

Effect of Partial Chemical Nitrogen Substitution by Organic Fertilizer on Potato Yield and Quality

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Abstract

To investigate the optimization effect of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizers on yield and quality of potato, and to explore the optimum organic fertilizer substitution ratio for chemical fertilizer in potato production, which can provide the scientific basis for high-quality cultivation of potato in Jiangsu Province. The experiment used ‘Zhongshu 3’ as the test variety and set up five fertilization treatments under the condition of a total nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm², including 100% compound fertilizer (N100), 90% compound fertilizer + 10% organic fertilizer (T10), 80% compound fertilizer + 20% organic fertilizer (T20), 70% compound fertilizer + 30% organic fertilizer (T30), and 100% organic fertilizer treatment (T100). The results showed that: (1) the substitution of organic fertilizer significantly promoted the growth of potato plant height, with an increase of 6.12% to 15.82% compared to the N100 treatment, and the differences between the T30 and T100 treatments reached a significant level. Among all treatments, there were no significant differences in the emergence rate, the number of main stems and stem diameter. However, the T10 treatment exhibited the highest emergence rate, while the T30 treatment had the largest number of main stems and the thickest stem diameter. (2) Both the potato yield and weight per plant increased first and then decreased with the increasing substitution ratio of organic fertilizer. Compared to the N100 treatment, the yield increase ranged from 37.17% to 72.80%, and the increase in the weight per plant ranged from 14.00% to 28.27%. Specifically, the T30 treatment had the highest yield and weight per plant, reaching a significant difference compared to the N100 treatment. The number of tubers per plant increased linearly with the increase in the amount of organic fertilizer substitution, with an increase of 10.57% to 40.17% (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the rate of commodity potato. (3) The substitution of organic fertilizer significantly enhanced the crude protein content (4.09% to 18.57%) and reduced sugar content (3.75% to 14.71%), but the dry matter content decreased. There were no significant differences in starch and vitamin C content among the treatments, with the T30 treatment having the highest starch content and the T100 treatment having the highest vitamin C content. The results of this study indicated that the combined application of 70% compound fertilizer and 30% organic fertilizer can synergistically enhance the growth, yield and quality of potato, achieving a synergistic improvement of yield and quality. It can be used as an optimized fertilization strategy for green potato production in Jiangsu Province.

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organic fertilizer substitution / potato / yield / quality / combined application

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ZHAO Mingming , LI Ke , DU Furong , et al . Effect of Partial Chemical Nitrogen Substitution by Organic Fertilizer on Potato Yield and Quality[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2026, 42(5): 128-134 https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0676

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Cited in this article [1] Abstract

研究旨在评估有机肥替代化肥对土壤和马铃薯的影响，并确定最佳的有机替代比例。试验于2022年在宁夏固原市西吉县进行，以‘青薯9号’马铃薯品种为供试材料，设置5个处理组，对照组(CK)仅施用化肥，T1组20%的化肥被有机肥替代，T2组40%的化肥被有机肥替代，T3组60%的化肥被有机肥替代，T4组完全施用有机肥。研究分析不同处理对马铃薯生长期间土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性及块茎品质的影响，并探讨三者之间的关系。结果显示：（1）与CK、T4相比，有机肥替代部分化肥能显著提高碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量，其中速效钾的增长最为明显，增幅为13.86%~37.74%、2.55%~42.10%。（2）土层深度0~20 cm的土壤酶活性略高于20~40 cm，有机肥替代部分化肥提高了土壤酶活性，特别是碱性磷酸酶活性，在0~20、20~40 cm土层较CK分别提高了3.74%~56.11%、2.02%~55.90%；较T4分别提高了7.57%~64.94%、8.56%~50.57%。（3）与CK和T4处理相比，有机肥替代部分化肥处理提高了马铃薯块茎品质含量。（4）相关性分析表明，土壤酶活性与土壤养分含量呈正相关，土壤养分含量的增加会促进酶活性的提升。逐步线性回归分析发现，碱解氮、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶以及20~40 cm土层的过氧化氢酶活性与马铃薯品质有显著关联。研究表明，有机肥替代40%的化肥对提升土壤养分含量、增强土壤酶活性、改善马铃薯品质的效果最为显著。