捕食蝽是一类重要的天敌昆虫，在农林害虫的生物防治中防效显著，具有重要应用价值。滞育是昆虫为躲避不利环境而延缓发育的一种生理适应机制，许多捕食蝽种类能以成虫或卵进行滞育，研究明确捕食蝽的滞育特征及滞育调控机理，不仅有助于解析昆虫发育的环境适应性机制，也可通过调控滞育进程延长天敌昆虫的贮存期、促进其周年扩繁和提升防控效果，对促进天敌昆虫的规模扩繁和保护利用具有重要意义。本文总结归纳了27种捕食蝽的滞育特征，分析了捕食蝽滞育期间的生物学、生态学及生理特征，概述了捕食蝽滞育的分子调控机制及滞育解除后生物学，讨论了滞育在捕食蝽扩繁和生物防治中的应用前景，为深入开展捕食蝽滞育调控技术及机理研究，促进其规模化扩繁、贮存和应用提供参考依据。

Insect diapause and response to thermal stress are similar in the variety of manifestations. However, the influence of thermal shocks on the incidence of insect diapause has not been sufficiently studied. Our laboratory experiments showed that both cold (−10 °C) and heat (43 °C) shocks experienced for at least 20–30 min significantly reduced the incidence of facultative larval winter diapause in the insect egg parasitoid Trichogramma telengai. However, the patterns of these responses were substantially different. In particular, the peaks of the sensitivity to diapause-averting effects of heat and of cold shocks fell, correspondingly, on middle-stage (5 days of development at 15 °C) and late-stage (9–11 days of development at 15 °C) larvae. Heat shocks influence the incidence of diapause mostly via the changes in the initial proportions of diapause-destined and non-diapause-destined individuals, whereas the effect of cold shocks is mostly based on differential mortality (i.e., the difference in mortality among treatments of the same experiment) with better survival of non-diapause-destined individuals. These results elucidate the peculiarities of the interaction between stress and diapause, allowing us to specify the methods for Trichogramma mass rearing and storage.

Artemia is a typical animal used for the study of the diapause mechanism. The research on the regulation mechanism of diapause mainly focuses on the occurrence and maintenance of diapause. There are few studies on the mechanism of embryonic pause termination (EDT), especially for its transcriptional regulation mechanism. This study integrated transcriptional regulatory data from ATAC-seq and gene expression data from RNA-seq to explore the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved in the EDT process. Through integrated analysis, four important transcription factors (TFs), SVP, MYC, RXR, and SMAD6, were found to play a role in the EDT process, in which SVP, MYC, and RXR were upregulated, while SMAD6 was downregulated in the EDT stage. Through co-expression analysis, a transcription regulatory network for these four TFs was constructed and the functions of the TFs were analyzed. The expression of the TFs was further verified by RT-qPCR. Through functional analysis, SVP was found to be predominantly involved in cell adhesion and signal transduction. MYC probably played a role in protein binding. RXR may function in the process of RNA binding and the transfer of phosphorus-containing groups. Smad6 regulated the signal transduction, cell adhesion, and oxidation–reduction processes. The expression of the key TFs was verified by RT-qPCR. The results of this work provide important clues for the mechanism of transcriptional regulation in the EDT process of Artemia.

草蛉是多种农林害虫的重要捕食性天敌昆虫，在生物防治中具有重要作用。滞育是昆虫应对不利环境条件时，生长发育停滞的一种生理状态，许多草蛉种类存在滞育现象。深入开展草蛉滞育的研究，不仅有助于明确其滞育特征和内在调控机制，也有助于提高草蛉的生物防治效果，促进草蛉的商业化生产和应用。本文归纳总结了1910年以来国内外草蛉科种类的滞育研究文献，介绍了目前已开展滞育研究的草蛉种类及其滞育特征，分析了影响草蛉滞育调控的环境因子，论述了草蛉滞育期间的形态和生理生化变化、分子机制及其滞育后发育生物学，并就滞育在草蛉规模化生产中的应用以及目前草蛉滞育研究中存在的问题进行了讨论，以期为深入草蛉滞育的基础理论研究和促进草蛉的规模化生产应用等提供参考依据。

红颈常室茧蜂Peristenus spretus Chen et van Achterberg是绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür)若虫的优势寄生蜂，已被用于果园、茶园和农田绿盲蝽的生物防治。为明确红颈常室茧蜂滞育诱导的最佳光温条件，本试验在室内条件下设定两个温度（15℃、19℃）和三个光周期12L:12D、10L:14D、8L:16D处理，测定在不同温度和光周期组合下红颈常室茧蜂滞育蛹形成情况。试验结果表明，温度和光周期共同作用于红颈常室茧蜂的发育历期和滞育诱导。不同光周期条件下该寄生蜂卵-幼虫发育历期无明显差异，但15℃下卵-幼虫的发育历期为30.40～33.60 d，19℃下缩短为18.80～19.40 d。15℃结合不同短光照诱导红颈常室茧蜂蛹的滞育率无显著差异； 19℃下诱导蛹的滞育率随光照时长的增加而显著升高。光周期12L:12D对红颈常室茧蜂的滞育诱导效果较好，19℃时红颈常室茧蜂卵-幼虫期的发育时间更短。综上，光周期12L:12D和19℃的光温组合能显著缩短诱导进程、显著提升红颈常室茧蜂滞育率，是本试验该寄生蜂滞育蛹生产的最佳光温组合。上述结果为红颈常室茧蜂作为绿盲蝽寄生性天敌，实现规模化生产、延长货架期，并最终作为生物防治产品进行大面积推广应用提供了重要基础数据支撑。

Insect diapause is a vital survival strategy that enables insects to enter a state of suspended development, allowing them to withstand unfavorable environmental conditions. During diapause, insects significantly lower their metabolic rate and build up energy reserves, which they gradually utilize throughout this period. The regulation of diapause involves a complex interaction of hormones and enzymes. Juvenile hormones (JHs) affect adults and larvae differently; in adults, the absence of JH typically triggers diapause, while in larvae, the presence of JH encourages this state. Ecdysteroids, which regulate molting and metamorphosis, are carefully controlled to prevent premature development. Reduced signaling of insulin-like peptides enhances stress resistance and promotes energy storage. Several enzymes play crucial roles in the metabolic adjustments necessary for diapause. These adjustments include the degradation of JH, the ecdysteroidogenic pathway, and the metabolism of fatty acids, glycogen, cryoprotectants, and stress responses. Understanding diapause’s molecular and biochemical mechanisms is essential for fundamental entomological research and practical applications. Despite recent advances, many aspects of diapause regulation, especially the interactions among hormonal pathways and the role of enzymes, remain poorly understood. This review analyzes approximately 250 papers to consolidate current knowledge on the enzymatic and hormonal regulation of diapause. It offers a comprehensive overview of key processes based on recent studies and suggests future research directions to fill gaps in our understanding of this significant biological phenomenon. The review also lays the groundwork for enhancing pest control strategies and ecological conservation by deepening our understanding of diapause mechanisms.

黄脊竹蝗（Ceracris kiangsu Tsai）是严重威胁林草业的重大害虫，其卵滞育特性对越冬存活及种群爆发至关重要。本研究通过设置不同低温（3℃和8℃）处理滞育卵，结合转录组测序技术，系统探究其滞育解除的分子响应机制。结果表明：滞育解除效果与低温时长和温度密切相关，60天是孵化期缩短和孵化率上升的关键转折点，且8℃处理的孵化率显著高于3℃处理。转录组分析显示，与25℃对照相比，3℃和8℃处理分别鉴定出9730个和6075个差异表达基因（FDR<0.05，log₂FC>1）。GO与KEGG富集分析揭示，差异基因显著富集于代谢过程、应激反应及昆虫激素生物合成等通路。进一步筛选出ADAMTSL4，ALDH16A1，foxo等9个关键基因，其参与低温胁迫下滞育卵的代谢调节与发育进程。本研究筛选到的差异基因和代谢通路，为解析害虫越冬适应性及开发绿色防控新靶点提供了重要理论依据。