PDF(1177 KB)
New Technologies for Biofabrication of Nutrients and Functional Ingredients
ZHANGYonglin, ZHAOQingxu, LIDapeng
Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (26) : 83-87.
PDF(1177 KB)
Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
PDF(1177 KB)
New Technologies for Biofabrication of Nutrients and Functional Ingredients
Nutrition and functional components are crucial constituents of food products. The production of these components has been gradually evolving from traditional methods towards a more intelligent form of biofabrication, which represent the development of China's biofabrication industry. With the continuous progress of synthetic biology technologies, an increasing number of nutrition and functional components can be biosynthesized using microorganisms. Concurrently, research in this area has been growing significantly. To comprehensively understand the domestic and international development trends in the field of food biofabrication, this study presents a systematic review of the latest applications of synthetic biology technologies in the biosynthesis of nutrition and functional components. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the advantages and distinctions between in vivo and in vitro biosynthesis methods is conducted. Despite the notable research achievements has been achieved in new biofabrication technologies both at home and abroad, the Chinese biofabrication industry still faces several challenges. These include an imperfect production system, immature processing technologies, and a reliance on imported equipment due to the relative lack of advanced domestic alternatives. In light of the current development status and practical requirements of China's biofabrication industry, this paper proposes several key areas for promoting scientific and technological innovation: formulating a diversified strategy for the raw material system in Chinese biofabrication; developing high-performance industrial strains for biosynthesis with independent intellectual property rights in China; accelerating the in-depth integration of artificial intelligence and biofabrication, and develop intelligent new equipment for industrial production. These initiatives aim to provide essential technical support for further advancing the development and application of biofabrication platforms.
food nutrition / biofabrication / metabolic engineering / synthetic biology / cell factory / artificial intelligence
| [1] |
|
| [2] |
|
| [3] |
石婷, 宋展, 宋世怡, 等. 体外生物转化(ivBT):生物制造的新前沿[J]. 合成生物学, 2024, 5(6):1437-1460.
人类社会的重大挑战（如粮食安全、能源安全、气候变化与双碳目标等）驱动全社会寻求创新型技术解决方案。体外生物转化（in vitro biotransformation，ivBT）是介于微生物发酵与酶催化之间的新质生物制造平台，多酶分子机器是其超限生物催化剂。它基于大道至简原则，利用多个天然酶、人工酶以及（仿生/天然）辅酶等重构生化途径，摆脱生物体生存局限（如细胞复制、基础代谢、复杂调控和能量供给等），超越细胞合成极限，实现重要生物转化与超限能量转换，尤其是生产低值大宗产品与新能源产品等。工业生物制造的三个平台技术分别是基于细胞工厂的发酵、基于酶分子的生物催化与基于多酶分子机器的ivBT。本综述对ivBT给出明确定义，阐明其多酶途径设计原则与产业化技术研发路径，比较该平台与现有生物制造平台相似性与不同点，介绍多个代表性案例，以及讨论其未来的机会与挑战。ivBT技术发展采用设计-构建-判决-优化的线性策略，开发能够满足国家需求的超高效多酶分子机器。利用ivBT有望形成超过30万亿元生物产品的工业生物制造，助力实现人类社会的多项重要需求，如粮食安全、新型能源体系等。人造淀粉不仅可以帮助中国端牢粮食饭碗，而且将是一个全新且安全的高密度储氢载体（比压缩氢气高2.5倍）与高能储电介质（比锂电池高10倍）。
|
| [4] |
In vitro biotransformation (ivBT) facilitated by in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystems (ivSEBs) has emerged as a highly promising biosynthetic platform. Several ivSEBs have been constructed to produce poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) via acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). However, some systems are hindered by their reliance on costly ATP, limiting their practicality. This study presents the design of an ATP-free ivSEB for one-pot PHB biosynthesis via acetyl-CoA utilizing starch-derived maltodextrin as the sole substrate. Stoichiometric analysis indicates this ivSEB can self-maintain NADP/NADPH balance and achieve a theoretical molar yield of 133.3%. Leveraging simple one-pot reactions, our ivSEBs achieved a near-theoretical molar yield of 125.5%, the highest PHB titer (208.3 mM, approximately 17.9 g/L) and the fastest PHB production rate (9.4 mM/h, approximately 0.8 g/L/h) among all the reported ivSEBs to date, and demonstrated easy scalability. This study unveils the promising potential of ivBT for the industrial-scale production of PHB and other acetyl-CoA-derived chemicals from starch.© 2024. The Author(s).
|
| [5] |
Cell-free systems using crude cell extracts present appealing opportunities for designing biosynthetic pathways and enabling sustainable chemical synthesis. However, the lack of tools to effectively manipulate the underlying host metabolism in vitro limits the potential of these systems. Here, we create an integrated framework to address this gap that leverages cell extracts from host strains genetically rewired by multiplexed CRISPR-dCas9 modulation and other metabolic engineering techniques. As a model, we explore conversion of glucose to 2,3-butanediol in extracts from flux-enhanced Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. We show that cellular flux rewiring in several strains of S. cerevisiae combined with systematic optimization of the cell-free reaction environment significantly increases 2,3-butanediol titers and volumetric productivities, reaching productivities greater than 0.9 g/L-h. We then show the generalizability of the framework by improving cell-free itaconic acid and glycerol biosynthesis. Our coupled in vivo/in vitro metabolic engineering approach opens opportunities for synthetic biology prototyping efforts and cell-free biomanufacturing.© 2021. The Author(s).
|
| [6] |
[Figure: see text].
|
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
|
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
毕心宇, 吕雪芹, 刘龙, 等. 我国微生物制造产业的发展现状与展望[J]. 中国工程科学, 2021, 23(5):59-68.
在我国“绿色生产，节能减排”政策的倡导下，微生物制造产业飞速发展，涉及农业、食品、能源、化工等多领域，并产生了良好的经济效益与社会价值。本文阐述了全球微生物制造产业的发展态势，分析了我国微生物制造产业在发酵食品、生物肥料、酶制剂、生物基、生物质能领域的发展现状，全面解析我国微生物制造产业发展的机遇与挑战。研究表明，我国微生物制造产业涉及多个领域，研发技术不断改革创新，一些发酵大宗产业生产水平位居世界前列，新菌种新产品持续增多，工业生产规模逐步扩大。与此同时，我国微生物制造产业也面临着核心菌种自主率低，前沿科研技术垄断，关键生产设备依赖进口等挑战。研究建议，我国微生物制造产业应提高自主研发能力，增强产业间的交叉创新，开发智能化工业生产设备，加速科研成果转化和工业化生产，实现我国微生物制造产业的跨越式发展。
|
| [11] |
|
| [12] |
Enzymatic reactions in living cells are highly dynamic but simultaneously tightly regulated. Enzyme engineers seek to construct multienzyme complexes to prevent intermediate diffusion, to improve product yield, and to control the flux of metabolites. Here we choose a pair of short peptide tags (RIAD and RIDD) to create scaffold-free enzyme assemblies to achieve these goals. In vitro, assembling enzymes in the menaquinone biosynthetic pathway through RIAD-RIDD interaction yields protein nanoparticles with varying stoichiometries, sizes, geometries, and catalytic efficiency. In Escherichia coli, assembling the last enzyme of the upstream mevalonate pathway with the first enzyme of the downstream carotenoid pathway leads to the formation of a pathway node, which increases carotenoid production by 5.7 folds. The same strategy results in a 58% increase in lycopene production in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This work presents a simple strategy to impose metabolic control in biosynthetic microbe factories.
|
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
冯小娜, 齐娜, 宋伟, 等. 蛋白质工程改造磷脂酶D提高磷脂酰丝氨酸产量[J]. 食品工业科技, 2020, 41(17):98-103,108.
|
| [19] |
Flavonoids, a significant group of natural polyphenolic compounds, possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. Recent advances in the systematic metabolic engineering of yeast cell factories (YCFs) provide new opportunities for enhanced flavonoid production. Herein, we outline the latest research progress on typical flavonoid products in YCFs. Advanced engineering strategies involved in flavonoid biosynthesis are discussed in detail, including enhancing precursor supply, cofactor engineering, optimizing core pathways, eliminating competitive pathways, relieving transport limitations, and dynamic regulation. Additionally, we highlight the existing problems in the biosynthesis of flavonoid glucosides in yeast, such as endogenous degradation of flavonoid glycosides, substrate promiscuity of UDP-glycosyltransferases, and an insufficient supply of UDP-sugars, with summaries on the corresponding solutions. Discussions also cover other typical postmodifications like prenylation and methylation, and the recent biosynthesis of complex flavonoid compounds in yeast. Finally, a series of advanced technologies are envisioned, i.e., semirational enzyme engineering, ML/DL algorithn, and systems biology, with the aspiration of achieving large-scale industrial production of flavonoid compounds in the future.
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
High-sugar diet causes health problems, many of which can be addressed with the use of sugar substitutes. Rubusoside and rebaudiosides are interesting molecules, considered the next generation of sugar substitutes due to their low-calorie, superior sweetness and organoleptic properties. However, their low abundance in nature makes the traditional plant extraction process neither economical nor environmental-friendly. Here we engineer baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a chassis for the de novo production of rubusoside and rebaudiosides. In this process, we identify multiple issues that limit the production, including rate-liming steps, product stress on cellular fitness and unbalanced metabolic networks. We carry out a systematic engineering strategy to solve these issues, which produces rubusoside and rebaudiosides at titers of 1368.6 mg/L and 132.7 mg/L, respectively. The rubusoside chassis strain here constructed paves the way towards a sustainable, large-scale fermentation-based manufacturing of diverse rebaudiosides.© 2022. The Author(s).
|
| [22] |
Concerns regarding food security arise from population growth, global warming, and reduction in arable land. With advances in synthetic biology, food production by microbes is considered to be a promising alternative that would allow rapid food production in an environmentally friendly manner. Moreover, synthetic biology can be adopted to the production of healthier or specifically designed food ingredients (e.g., high-value proteins, lipids, and vitamins) and broaden the utilization of feedstocks (e.g., methanol and CO), thereby offering potential solutions to high-quality food and the greenhouse effect. We first present how synthetic biology can facilitate the microbial production of various food components, and then discuss feedstock availability enabled by synthetic biology. Finally, we illustrate trends and key challenges in synthetic biology-driven food production.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
| [23] |
|
| [24] |
Novel food technologies are important for food security, safety and sustainability. Consumers, however, are often hesitant to accept them. In this narrative Review, we organize the research describing how heuristics and individual differences among consumers influence the acceptance of agri-food technologies. Associations evoked by a food technology, its perceived naturalness and trust in the industry using it influence consumer acceptance. Food neophobia, disgust sensitivity and cultural values are crucial personality factors for explaining individual differences. Using gene technology, nanotechnology, cultured meat and food irradiation as cases, we explore factors that may explain consumers' acceptance or lack of acceptance. Climate change, food supply shocks caused by crises such as pandemics and population growth are imminent threats to the food system. Therefore, disruptive food technologies will be needed to progress towards a more resilient food system. Taking into account the factors influencing consumers' perceptions of novel food technologies during the early stage of development and introduction will hopefully result in a higher acceptance of such technologies.© 2020. Springer Nature Limited.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
