百合（Lilium spp.）原产于我国，在我国花卉产业中有着重要而特殊的地位。花香是其观赏性状的重要标签，已有研究结果表明，不同香型的百合主要花香成分差异较大，浓香型与淡香型百合的差异主要集中在萜烯类物质的不同，而采样时期、部位、环境、激素等均会导致花香成分变化。目前百合花香物质合成通路研究集中在萜烯合成通路上，多为萜烯合酶的功能研究及上游调控网络解析，而其他花香成分代谢途径基因的功能解析及分子调控机制的研究仍存在许多未解之谜。由于对百合花香合成及调控机制的解析不够全面与深入，难以支撑花香的精准改造，导致百合花香育种进程缓慢。深入挖掘与利用百合花香基因、完善相关代谢途径及调控网络可能会是百合花香的下一步研究重点。本文对百合花香的前期研究进行了回顾和总结，并对后期的研究方向提出展望，以期为后续百合花香分子调控机制研究提供参考，对定向培育香气怡人的百合新品种提供借鉴。

旨在利用固相微萃取方法结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪(SPME/GC-MS),对香花型石斛花朵挥发性成分进行分析,为云南省香花型石斛兰种质资源筛选、新品种培育和石斛花精油产品的开发提供参考。通过SPME/GC-MS方法,对兜唇石斛、金钗石斛、铁皮石斛和美花石斛4种香花型石斛盛花期花朵的挥发性成分进行测定和分析。从4种石斛花朵中共鉴定出挥发性成分80种,所共有的挥发性成分为反式-α-罗勒烯和月桂烯。其中,兜唇石斛的主要挥发性成分为乙酸异辛酯和反式-α-罗勒烯,相对含量为45.86%和37.3%;金钗石斛的主要挥发性成分为β-石竹烯,相对含量最高为20.7%;铁皮石斛的主要挥发性成分为α-蒎烯、柠檬烯和桉叶油醇,其相对含量分别为31.49%、14.6%和13.6%;美花石斛的主要挥发性成分为乙酸异辛酯,相对含量为83.21%。石斛花朵中的挥发性成分及相对含量具有明显差异,主要挥发性成分对其香味起决定性作用。

Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction (SDE) and headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with GC-FID and GC-MS were used to analyze volatile compounds from plum (Prunus domestica L. cv. Horvin) and to estimate the most odor-active compounds by application of the Odor Activity Values (OAV). The analyses led to the identification of 148 components, including 58 esters, 23 terpenoids, 14 aldehydes, 11 alcohols, 10 ketones, 9 alkanes, 7 acids, 4 lactones, 3 phenols, and other 9 compounds of different structures. According to the results of SDE-GC-MS, SPME-GC-MS and OAV, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, hexyl acetate, (E)-2-nonenal, ethyl butanoate, (E)-2-decenal, ethyl hexanoate, nonanal, decanal, (E)-β-ionone, Γ-dodecalactone, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, pentyl acetate, linalool, Γ-decalactone, butyl acetate, limonene, propyl acetate, Δ-decalactone, diethyl sulfide, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, ethyl heptanoate, (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate, eugenol, (E)-2-hexenal, ethyl pentanoate, hexyl 2-methylbutanoate, isopentyl hexanoate, 1-hexanol, Γ-nonalactone, myrcene, octyl acetate, phenylacetaldehyde, 1-butanol, isobutyl acetate, (E)-2-heptenal, octadecanal, and nerol are characteristic odor active compounds in fresh plums since they showed concentrations far above their odor thresholds.

The main function of floral scent is to attract and guide pollinators, but it is also an important character in the ornamental plant industry. Several studies have considered the chemical evaluation of floral scent during vase life, but only a few have considered sensorial analysis of this character, which is a very important quality trait for the marketing of ornamental plants. This study focused on assessing the floral scent of three fragrant cut flowers of high economic importance: Lilium, chrysanthemum, and freesia. Eighty individuals were included in a sensorial analysis where the attributes of floral scent liking and intensity were evaluated. The composition of the floral scent was analyzed through the collection of headspace followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The floral scents of oriental lily and freesia were perceived as more intense, compared to chrysanthemum. A total of 28 volatile compounds were detected and the monoterpenes β-pinene (40.7 ± 1.8 μg·L−1), β-cis-ocimene (5552 ± 990 μg·L−1), and linalool (11,800 ± 220 μg·L−1) were the major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in chrysanthemum, lilium, and freesia, respectively. The results presented in this study confirm that the concentration and abundance of volatile compounds is not directly related to the human perception of floral scent.

Lilies (Lilium spp.) are renowned for their diverse and captivating floral scents, which are highly valued both commercially and ornamentally. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the identification, biosynthesis, and regulation of fragrance components in lily flowers. Various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to the unique scents of different lily species and cultivars, including terpenoids, benzenoids/phenylpropanoids, and fatty acid derivatives, are discussed. The release patterns of these compounds from different floral tissues and at different developmental stages are examined, highlighting the significant role of tepals. Detection methods such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and sensory analysis are evaluated for their effectiveness in fragrance research. Additionally, the biosynthetic pathways of key fragrance compounds are explored, focusing on the terpenoid and benzenoid/phenylpropanoid pathways and the regulatory mechanisms involving transcription factors and environmental factors. This review also addresses the influence of genetic and environmental factors on fragrance production and proposes future research directions to enhance the aromatic qualities of lilies through selective genetic and breeding approaches. Emphasis is placed on the potential applications of these findings in the floral industry to improve the commercial value and consumer appeal of lily flowers.

Floral scents and fruit aromas are crucial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plants. They are used in defense mechanisms, along with mechanisms to attract pollinators and seed dispersers. In addition, they are economically important for the quality of crops, as well as quality in the perfume, cosmetics, food, drink, and pharmaceutical industries. Floral scents and fruit aromas share many volatile organic compounds in flowers and fruits. Volatile compounds are classified as terpenoids, phenylpropanoids/benzenoids, fatty acid derivatives, and amino acid derivatives. Many genes and transcription factors regulating the synthesis of volatiles have been discovered. In this review, we summarize recent progress in volatile function, composition, biosynthetic pathway, and metabolism regulation. We also discuss unresolved issues and research perspectives, providing insight into improvements and applications of plant VOCs.

【目的】研究不同品种百合（Lilium spp.）花挥发物的组成成分与释放量，寻找百合关键致香成分。【方法】采用活体植株动态顶空套袋-吸附采集法与ATD-GC/MS（自动热脱附-气质联用）分析技术，对4个杂种系7个品种百合花的挥发性成分进行定性与定量分析。【结果】试验共检测出64种化合物，属淡香型的亚洲百合和LA百合杂种系的3个品种含有39种，属浓香型的东方百合和麝香百合杂种系的4个品种含有54种。不同香型百合花的挥发性成分存在显著差异，亚洲百合和LA百合杂种系烷烃类化合物释放量较高，主要成分为2-乙基-1-己醇、乙苯、邻二甲苯、2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷、5-乙基-2,2,3-三甲基庚烷、3-甲基十一烷和2,2,6-三甲基癸烷。东方百合和麝香百合杂种系萜烯类释放量最高，β-月桂烯、罗勒烯、芳樟醇、2-乙基-1-己醇为其主要成分。【结论】3个淡香型百合品种中没有检测到萜烯类化合物和苯甲酸甲酯，而4个浓香型百合品种中萜烯类释放量最高，主要为β-罗勒烯和芳樟醇，可初步确定这两种化合物为百合花致香的关键成分。

\n Lilium\n cultivars have a wide range of variation in floral scent phenotypes. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of volatile emissions during the night, the floral scent compositions of 35 lily cultivars from seven different hybrid groups were studied. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between volatile emission levels and scent intensities. Nonscented lily cultivars belonging to Asiatic hybrids hardly emitted volatiles, light-scented Longiflorum × Asiatic hybrids emitted low levels of volatiles, and scented lily cultivars (belonging to Oriental, Trumpet, Longiflorum, Longiflorum × Oriental, and Oriental × Trumpet hybrids) emitted significantly high levels of volatiles. In general, the scent compositions of lily cultivars were similar within the same hybrid group, and the differences among hybrid groups reflect their pedigree. Monoterpenoids and benzenoids dominated the floral scents of most volatile-emitting lily cultivars, whereas monoterpenoids alone dominated the floral scents of some volatile-emitting lilies. Although various scent compounds were released from volatile-emitting lily cultivars, the dominant scent compounds were focused on three monoterpenoids [1.8-cineole, linalool, and (\n E\n )-β-ocimene] and one benzenoid (methyl benzoate). The scent traits of lily cultivars could be traced back to their parents.\n

Lily is a well-known ornamental plant with a diversity of fragrant types. Basic information on lily floral scent compounds has been obtained for only a few accessions, and little is known aboutLiliumaroma types, the terpene synthase genes that may play roles in the production of key volatiles, or the range of monoterpenes that these genes produce. In this study, 41 cultivars were analyzed for volatile emissions, and a total of 46 individual volatile compounds were identified, 16 for the first time in lilies. Lily accessions were classified into six groups according to the composition of major scent components: faint-scented, cool, fruity, musky, fruity-honey, and lily. Monoterpenes were one of the main groups of volatiles identified, and attention was focused on terpene synthase (TPS) genes, which encode enzymes that catalyze the last steps in monoterpene synthesis. Thirty-two candidate monoterpene synthase cDNAs were obtained from 66 lily cultivars, and 64 SNPs were identified. Two InDels were also shown to result from variable splicing, and sequence analysis suggested that different transcripts arose from the same gene. All identified nucleotide substitution sites were highly correlated with the amounts of myrcene emitted, and InDel site 230 was highly correlated with the emission of all major monoterpenoid components, especially (E)-β-ocimene. Heterologous expression of five cDNAs cloned from faint-scented and strong-scented lilies showed that their corresponding enzymes could convert geranyl diphosphate to (E)-β-ocimene,α-pinene, and limonene. The findings from this study provide a major resource for the assessment of lily scent volatiles and will be helpful in breeding of improved volatile components.

为明确铁皮石斛、金钗石斛及百合鲜花中的挥发油成分，采用正己烷-水蒸馏提取法对铁皮石斛、金钗石斛及百合鲜花进行挥发油提取，运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对其化学成分进行分析比较。3种鲜花共鉴定出83种化学成分，铁皮石斛、金钗石斛、百合鲜花分别分离出50、68、22种化学成分，鉴定出47、57、16个化学成分，其相对含量分别占挥发油总量的91.72%、70.79%、83.94%；香气成分中，分别鉴定出17、25、5种，占总含量的11.34%、27.61%、24.37%，其中铁皮石斛鲜花中主要香气成分为棕榈酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯、十六碳醛和叶绿醇，金钗石斛鲜花主要香气成分为棕榈酸、棕榈酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯、石竹烯、α-松油醇、4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚；百合鲜花主要香气成分为棕榈酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯与油酸乙酯。