In 2014–2017 an investigation was carried out into the occurrence of fungal storage diseases of five apple varieties (Red Jonaprince, Gala, Golden Delicious, Gloster and Ligol) in the Sandomierz orchard region. The fruit was stored at a CA cold storage room with ULO controlled atmosphere for six months. Occurrence of eight storage diseases was found. The most frequently occurring disease was bull’s eye rot and the losses caused thereby were even 24% of the affected fruit. The cultivars most susceptible to this disease were the Golden Delicious and Ligol apples; the least susceptible were the Gloster ones. The apples were significantly less affected by the fungi that cause brown rot, grey mould rot, blue mould rot and apple scab. Very seldom were the symptoms of calyx end rot, mouldy core and core rot, and anthracnose. Varying severity of infection of the varieties was noted in each season of observation.

苹果为我国主要栽培水果,苹果产业在我国农业生产中占有重要地位。病原菌物是苹果病害的主要病原物,对我国苹果产量和品质造成严重损害。国际上病原菌物为苹果主要病原类型,其数量占苹果病原物的93.4%。我国植物病理学家和菌物学家对苹果病害的病原学进行了长期研究,描述与记载了大量国外已报道的病原真菌和病原卵菌,也描述了一些国外尚未记载的病原菌。随着菌物分类研究的深入、分类系统及菌物命名规则变化等,许多病害的病原名称发生了较大变化,对名称的使用造成了诸多不便,影响了苹果病害相关知识的交流。本文汇总了我国已经描述的苹果菌物病害的病原种类,其中病原真菌149种,病原卵菌6种,病原菌物占苹果病原物种类的90.6%。依据最新分类系统、菌物命名法规和汉语名称规则,对相关病原菌物的拉丁学名、中文名称以及病害汉语名称等进行了整理和修订。该项工作有利于相关植物病理学研究者、植保工作者、园艺工作者、管理人员及基层推广工作者对苹果病原菌物名称的检索和规范使用,促进学术交流和科学普及等。

This study aimed to investigate the effects of acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water (AEW) treatment on storability and metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blueberries cv. 'Brightwell' during storage at 4 °C. Results showed that, compared with the control blueberries, AEW treated-blueberries exhibited lower incidence of fruit decay, higher rate of commercially acceptable fruit, higher fruit firmness and skin hardness, and higher anthocyanin and total phenolics contents, along with higher activities of SOD, CAT and APX, higher antioxidant activity, but lower generation rate of superoxide anion and cell membrane permeability. These results demonstrated that AEW treatment for enhancing storability of harvested blueberries during storage may be mediated by regulating ROS metabolism, manifested as AEW increasing ROS scavenging capacity and reducing ROS accumulation, and thereby maintained the structural integrity of cellular membrane, which indicated that AEW treatment was a facile postharvest method for extending the shelf life of harvested blueberries.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) and chemically modified water with properties similar to the EO water for inactivation of different types of foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus). A five-strain cocktail of each microorganism was exposed to deionized water (control), EO water and chemically modified water. To evaluate the effect of individual properties (pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and residual chlorine) of treatment solutions on microbial inactivation, iron was added to reduce ORP readings and neutralizing buffer was added to neutralize chlorine. Inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 occurred within 30 s after application of JAW EO water with 10 mg/l residual chlorine and chemically modified solutions containing 13 mg/l residual chlorine. Inactivation of Gram-positive and -negative microorganisms occurred within 10 s after application of ROX EO water with 56 mg/l residual chlorine and chemically modified solutions containing 60 mg/l residual chlorine. B. cereus was more resistant to the treatments than E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes and only 3 log10 reductions were achieved after 10 s of ROX EO water treatment. B. cereus spores were the most resistant pathogen. However, more than 3 log10 reductions were achieved with 120-s EO water treatment.

Electrolyzed strong acid water (ESAW) is generated by the electrolysis of a weak sodium chloride solution. Although ESAW is known to have a strong bactericidal activity and to be harmless to the living body, its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of perforated peritonitis has not been well established.Male Wistar rats were used for the study. Three hours after cecal ligation and puncture, the cecum was resected and the peritoneal cavity was irrigated with 50 ml of saline (Group S, n=12) or ESAW (Group E, n=14). The 5-day survival rate was compared between the two groups. In another pair of animals (n=10 each), bacteria in the ascitic fluid were counted at 6 and 18 h after irrigation.No adverse effects of ESAW were observed in the experimental group. The 5-day survival rate was 25% (3/12) and 85.7% (12/14) in Groups S and E, respectively (P < 0.01). The bacterial count at 18 h after the irrigation in Groups S and E was (5.0 +/- 2.5) x 10(5)/ml and (2.2 +/- 2.0) x 10(4)/ml, respectively (P < 0.0001).Peritoneal lavage with ESAW had no adverse effect, and achieved more effective decontamination than saline for perforated peritonitis. Therefore, the results of this study are considered to warrant and support the clinical application of ESAW.