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Effects of Different Rice Straw Mulching Amounts on Pepper Growth and Soil Bacterial Community
HUANGJianfeng, PANGYuwan, WUZhaoyun, ZHANGMu, HUANGQiaoyi, HUANGXu, FUHongting, LIPing, WUYongpei
Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (20) : 88-97.
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Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
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Effects of Different Rice Straw Mulching Amounts on Pepper Growth and Soil Bacterial Community
To explore the feasibility of using rice straw mulching instead of plastic film and study the effects of different rice straw mulching amounts on pepper growth and soil environment, two mulching methods of plastic film (DM) and rice straw were conducted in this study, and three rice straw mulching amounts were set, including 3000 kg/hm2 (JG3), 6000 kg/hm2 (JG6), and 9000 kg/hm2 (JG9), with no mulching as control (CK). The changes of pepper yield and quality, soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and soil bacterial community diversity in different treatments were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the rice straw decomposition rate was decreased with the increase of their mulching amount; the plant height, stem diameter, and yield were significantly increased in rice straw mulching treatments, and the highest yield was exhibited in treatment JG6 of 20627.90 kg/hm2. Rice straw mulching was also beneficial for reducing the crude fiber content of peppers, increasing the capsaicin content, fruit length, fresh fruit weight, fruit diameter, and flesh thickness. The highest capsaicin content, fresh fruit weight, fruit diameter, and flesh thickness were observed in JG6 treatment by 36.7 mg/kg, 37.2 g, 26.5 mm, and 3.56 mm, respectively. Compared with plastic film mulching treatment, the activities of soil acid phosphatase, sucrase, dehydrogenase, soil pH, total organic carbon, and available phosphorus content was significantly increased in rice straw mulching treatment, while in treatment DM, soil pH was significantly decreased. The urease activity, total organic carbon, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium content were all lower than those in CK. The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the OTU, Shannon diversity index, Chao1 index, and ACE index in DM treatment were all lower than CK, while those in straw mulching treatment were all higher than CK. The dominant bacteria in all five treatments were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with relative abundance ranges of 30.49% to 34.13%, 17.19% to 22.11%, and 10.26% to 12.28%, respectively. Relative abundance of Chloroflexi in DM treatment was 12.95%, which was significantly higher than all other treatments. Correlation analysis showed that pepper yield was significantly positive correlated with OTU, Chao1, ACE, and Bacteroidota, while pepper stem thickness was significantly negative correlated with Chloroflexi and Firmicutes. Soil pH, total organic carbon content, enzyme activity, and available potassium content were positively correlated with Bacteroidota. Consequently, higher pepper yield and better quality were observed than other treatments when the rice straw mulching amount was 6000 kg/hm2. Compared with plastic film mulching, rice straw mulching improved the pepper yield, pepper quality, and soil environment.
pepper / rice straw / mulching amount / soil enzyme activity / soil bacterial community
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为明确稻麦轮作系统有机肥施用对作物产量和土壤性质的影响,本研究搜集已公开发表的文献数据,利用meta分析法定量分析了有机肥类型(普通有机肥、生物质炭、秸秆)、施用策略(单施有机肥、有机肥配施部分化肥、有机肥配施全量化肥)、施用年限(短期、中期、长期)对稻麦产量和土壤性质的影响及其对不同土壤条件(酸性、中性、碱性)的响应。结果表明: 与单施化肥相比,有机肥施用对水稻和小麦的增产效应相近,分别为3.1%和3.0%。有机肥施用对土壤性质的提升效果更明显,显著降低了土壤容重(5.7%),显著提高了土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,以及微生物生物量碳、氮,增幅在11.7%～38.4%。不同类型有机肥中,生物质炭和普通有机肥对土壤性质的改良效果优于秸秆;与单施有机肥相比,有机肥配施化肥的作物增产效果更好,而土壤性质改良效果较差;随着有机肥施用年限增加,作物增产和土壤肥力提升效应逐渐增强;在酸性土壤条件下有机肥施用对作物的增产效果最显著。土壤容重与稻麦周年产量呈显著负相关,而土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量和微生物生物量氮与稻麦周年产量呈显著正相关关系。
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合理利用秸秆养分资源可替代部分化肥使用,是种植业减肥增效并促进农业绿色发展的重要途径之一,探明广东省主要农作物秸秆养分资源量及其替代化肥潜力,对于全省化肥减施增效、农业绿色生产具有重要意义。该研究以广东省主要农作物水稻（Oryza sativa L.）、玉米（Zea mays L.）、薯类（Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill）、甘蔗（Saccharum officinarum L.）、花生（Arachis hypogaea Linn.）和大豆（Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.）为研究对象,通过查阅广东省统计数据和公开发表的文献资料,对2019年广东省主要农作物秸秆数量、养分资源量及区域分布情况进行估算,并根据不同作物推荐养分用量计算各地区的养分需求量,分析秸秆养分资源替代化肥的潜力。结果表明,2019年广东省主要农作物秸秆资源量为1951.00 ×104 t,其中粤西秸秆资源量最大,其次是粤北,珠三角地区最少。全省秸秆的氮（N）、磷（P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>）、钾（K<sub>2</sub>O）养分资源总量分别达到19.26×104、4.51×104、33.51×104 t,其中水稻的秸秆养分资源量最大,占全省农作物秸秆养分资源总量的63%;其次是甘蔗秸秆养分资源,占18%;第三大秸秆养分资源是花生,占10%。湛江市的秸秆养分资源最大,占全省秸秆养分资源总量的25%,其中甘蔗和水稻秸秆的贡献率最大;其次为茂名市和肇庆市,占11%和8%,以水稻秸秆养分资源为主。广东省2019年主要农作物播种面积为265.91×104 hm2,理论上养分需求量为46.18×104 t N、15.78×104 t P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>、40.41×104 t K<sub>2</sub>O,秸秆养分资源替代化肥的潜力为N 22%、P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> 19%、K<sub>2</sub>O 70%。不同种植制度下秸秆替代化肥的潜力不同,其中,水稻和甘蔗秸秆替代钾肥潜力最大,大豆秸秆替代氮肥潜力最大,而薯类秸秆替代化肥潜力最低。不同地区的秸秆养分资源替代化肥潜力不同,其中湛江市和广州市秸秆替代氮肥的潜力最高,分别达30%和29%;珠海市和梅州市秸秆替代磷肥的潜力较高,分别达26%和24%;梅州市秸秆替代钾肥的潜力最高,达78%以上。
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在土培盆栽条件下,以野生大麦磷高效基因型IS-22-30、IS-22-25和磷低效基因型IS-07-07为材料,研究施磷量为 0,30,60 和 90 mg/kg土条件下其磷素吸收能力及酸性磷酸酶活性变化的差异,为探明磷高效野生大麦高效吸收利用磷素机理提供依据。结果表明,1)随施磷量的增加,不同磷效率野生大麦生物量、磷积累量均有不同程度的增加,而根冠比呈显著降低的趋势,且不同施磷处理下,野生大麦生物量、磷积累量和根冠比均表现为磷高效基因型显著高于低效基因型。2)不同施磷处理下,野生大麦根际土壤有效磷和水溶性磷含量均显著低于非根际土壤。不施磷、施磷 30 和 60 mg/kg土条件下,磷高效基因型较低效基因型根际土壤有效磷和水溶性磷亏缺程度突出。3)与非根际土壤相比,在不施磷、施磷 30 mg/kg土条件下,磷高效基因型IS-22-30、IS-22-25根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性的效应范围为4 mm,均明显大于低效基因型IS-07-07的活性效应范围2 mm。不同施磷处理下,磷高效基因型根际土壤酸性磷酸酶的活性明显高于低效基因型,且在不施磷、施磷 30 mg/kg土条件下差异显著,表明磷高效野生大麦具有较强的低磷土壤环境适应能力和土壤磷素活化能力。随施磷量的增加,不同磷效率野生大麦植株叶片和根系酸性磷酸酶的活性均显著降低,且高效基因型叶片和根系酸性磷酸酶的活性较低效基因型高,表明高效基因型植株体内磷素的重复再利用能力较强。低磷胁迫下,磷高效基因型较高的酸性磷酸酶活性是其磷素高效吸收利用的重要特征。
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Plants have evolved delicate systems for stimulating or inhibiting inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptake in response to the fluctuating Pi availability in soil. However, the negative regulators inhibiting Pi uptake at the transcriptional level are largely unexplored. Here, we functionally characterized a transcription factor in rice (Oryza sativa), OsWRKY10. OsWRKY10 encodes a nucleus-localized protein and showed preferential tissue localization. Knockout of OsWRKY10 led to increased Pi uptake and accumulation under Pi-replete conditions. In accordance with this phenotype, OsWRKY10 was transcriptionally induced by Pi, and a subset of PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER 1 (PHT1) genes were up-regulated upon its mutation, suggesting that OsWRKY10 is a transcriptional repressor of Pi uptake. Moreover, rice plants expressing the OsWRKY10–VP16 fusion protein (a dominant transcriptional activator) accumulated even more Pi than oswrky10. Several lines of biochemical evidence demonstrated that OsWRKY10 directly suppressed OsPHT1;2 expression. Genetic analysis showed that OsPHT1;2 was responsible for the increased Pi accumulation in oswrky10. Furthermore, during Pi starvation, OsWRKY10 protein was degraded through the 26S proteasome. Altogether, the OsWRKY10–OsPHT1;2 module represents a crucial loop in the Pi signaling network in rice, inhibiting Pi uptake when there is ample Pi in the environment.
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周子军, 郭松, 陈琨, 等. 长期秸秆覆盖对免耕稻-麦产量、土壤氮组分及微生物群落的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2022, 59(4):1148-1159.
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沈鹏飞, 王威雁, 李彤, 等. 陕西洛川苹果园不同覆盖措施对土壤性质、细菌群落及果实产量和品质的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2019, 46(5):817-831.
以渭北旱作苹果园4种覆盖模式（秸秆覆盖、锯末覆盖、森林土覆盖、清耕对照）土壤为研究对象，在土壤基本理化指标及土壤酶活性测定的基础上，利用荧光定量PCR（q-PCR）和Illumina HiSeq高通量测序技术对土壤细菌群落结构和多样性进行分析。研究结果表明，各覆盖处理较对照显著提高了0 ~ 20 cm土层水分、有机质和全氮含量，降低了土壤pH；同时显著提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性；各覆盖处理下土壤细菌16S rRNA拷贝数均显著高于清耕；变形菌门、酸杆菌门和放线菌门为优势种群，相对丰度之和占57.12% ~ 74.72%；α变形菌纲、Subgroup_6、β变形菌纲和δ变形菌纲为优势菌纲，相对丰度之和占33.39% ~ 43.15%。α多样性分析表明覆盖能够提高土壤细菌群落的丰度、种群丰富度和多样性指数。β多样性分析表明各覆盖处理较对照细菌群落系统发育组成存在显著差异；冗余分析（RDA）结果表明，不同覆盖处理下土壤细菌群落相对丰度与土壤养分及酶活性存在一定相关关系。覆盖有助于提高果实百果质量及糖度，其中秸秆覆盖效果最佳。
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刘骁蒨, 涂仕华, 孙锡发, 等. 秸秆还田与施肥对稻田土壤微生物生物量及固氮菌群落结构的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(17):5210-5218.
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张婷婷, 王丽芳, 张德健, 等. 不同小麦秸秆还田覆盖度对旱作农田土壤微生物群落多样性的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2021, 49(1):77-87.
【目的】 研究内蒙古旱作农田不同小麦秸秆还田覆盖度对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响,以期筛选出最适合该地区的秸秆还田量,为内蒙古地区秸秆还田技术的改进提供理论基础。【方法】 试验共设5个小麦秸秆还田覆盖度（0、30%、50%、70%、90%）,使用高通量测序检测土壤中的真菌和细菌,并进行物种丰富度和群落结构分析。【结果】 当小麦秸秆还田覆盖度为50%时,微生物群落的多样性最高、物种丰富度较高且物种均匀度较好。真菌和细菌的峰值出现在不同的覆盖度上,小麦秸秆还田覆盖度70%也存在较大正面影响。【结论】 有秸秆覆盖的情况下,土壤微生物多样性高且群落稳定,特别是当小麦秸秆还田覆盖度为50%时,能够使土壤微生物群落保持在较稳定水平。小麦秸秆还田覆盖度为70%时也对土壤微生物群落多样性有较大正面影响。
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