2007年，双斑长跗萤叶甲在辽宁省部分玉米产区发生危害严重，对玉米产量造成一定的损失，成为危害玉米生产的一种新害虫。针对其生物学特性、危害特点进行了调查研究，分析了该害虫发生危害趋于严重的原因，并据此提出了防治策略。

Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is widely distributed in China and is polyphorous, being a major pest to cash crops, such as corn, cotton, and millet. Given the increasing severity of the greenhouse effect in recent years, we aimed to investigate the adaptability of M. hieroglyphica adults to varying temperatures. In this study, we assessed the survival, longevity, fecundity, feeding capacity, and antioxidant capacity of leaf beetle adults under laboratory conditions at 25–34 °C. Elevated temperatures (i.e., 31 and 34 °C) had (negative) impacts on M. hieroglyphica adults’ survival and reproduction. Similarly, the temperature negatively affected the feeding capacity of M. hieroglyphica adults, with the impact becoming more pronounced as the temperature increased. Under the same treatment time, the SOD and CAT activity levels increased with the increase in treatment temperature. The GST activity levels showed a decreasing trend. The POD activity showed a biphasic response to increasing temperatures, first decreasing and then increasing. The above indicates that different antioxidant enzymes of M. hieroglyphica adults have different levels of sensitivity to high temperatures. In the laboratory, our work analyzes the response of M. hieroglyphica adults to temperature from ecological and physiological research perspectives and provides strategies for strengthening its subsequent integrated pest management (IPM) under conditions of global warming or extreme weather events.

为明确双斑萤叶甲Ｍｏｎｏｌｅｐｔａｈｉｅｒｏｇｌｙｐｈｉｃａ（Ｍｏｔｓｃｈｕｌｓｋｙ）成虫危害对大豆产量损失的影响及其经济阈值，采用田间系统调查和小区罩网接虫方法，研究了不同虫口密度下大豆产量性状的变化规律。结果表明，在长春地区，双斑萤叶甲成虫在大豆田间发生危害的高峰期为７月２６日到８月２２日，共４０ｄ，随着该害虫虫口密度上升，大豆植株有效结荚数降低，瘪荚率上升，百粒重下降，同时大豆的产量显著降低。双斑萤叶甲成虫密度与大豆瘪荚率的关系符合逻辑斯蒂模型ｙ＝８．７２０／（１＋ｅ（０．７１８９－０．０２６０ｘ）），与百粒重之间的关系符合二次曲线模型ｙ＝１９．６０８５ －０．１５５ｘ＋０．００２４ｘ２，与大豆产量的关系符合修正指数模型（ｙ＝５３．２０７８＋３３．４０８９×０．９４０８ｘ，ｐ＜０．０００１），与产量损失间的关系符合二次函数模型（ｙ＝－０．６０２８＋１．８１２６ｘ－０．０２５８ｘ２，ｐ＜０．０１）。目前，大豆生产中使用有效药剂２．５％高效氯氟氰菊酯ＥＣ（１３５ｍＬ／ｈｍ２）和９０％灭多威ＤＰ（１８０ｇ／ｈｍ２）防治双斑萤叶甲时，其经济危害允许水平分别为２．８１％、２．９１％，经济阈值分别为１９３．６３头／百株和１９９．４７头／百株。

【目的】研究从双斑长跗萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky)成虫粪便挥发性化合物中,筛选对该叶甲具有电生理及行为活性的化合物。【方法】通过GC-MS采集鉴定双斑长跗萤叶甲粪便挥发性化合物的组分和含量,利用触角电位仪和“Y”型嗅觉仪测定该叶甲雌、雄成虫对其粪便中4种挥发物的电生理和行为反应。【结果】该叶甲成虫粪便挥发物中含有包括烯类、醛类、酯类、酸类、醇类等共29种化合物;其雌、雄成虫均对α-石竹烯、α-蒎烯、α-红没药醇的EAG反应较明显,且雌雄虫均对10 μL/mL的α-红没药醇和α-蒎烯有较为明显的趋性。【结论】α-红没药醇和α-蒎烯可能为该叶甲成虫粪便中的有效活性成分。

为了明确双斑长跗萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica(Motschulsky)在谷田中的发生规律,并为该虫的预测预报和综合治理提供科学依据。[方法]2015年在山西省长治市的谷田中,用网捕法和直接观察法对双斑萤叶甲种群动态、垂直分布和有虫率进行了调查。[结果]调查结果为该虫成虫在7月份开始危害谷田；7月下旬到8月上旬,双斑萤叶甲种群数量急剧上升；8月中旬在谷子抽穗期和花期时成虫种群数量达到高峰；8月下旬随着谷子花期结束,双斑萤叶甲种群数开始大量迁出谷田。[结论]结果说明2015年双斑萤叶甲在山西长治地区谷田内爆发；其危害谷子的部位集中于谷穗上；通过相关性分析表明谷田中植株有虫率与该虫种群数量呈正相关。

为了探讨双斑长跗萤叶甲取食几种主要农作物对成虫生殖力的影响， 在 25℃恒温条件下， 分别用大豆叶片、 玉米花丝、 玉米叶片、 水稻叶片、 棉花叶片、 马铃薯叶片和向日葵叶片等寄主组织饲养双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫， 观察其取食不同寄主组织的寿命和产卵情况。结果表明， 双斑长跗萤叶甲雌成虫取食不同寄主组织的寿命、 雌成虫产卵比例、 产卵量等均表现出显著差异。在供试寄主上雌成虫寿命和雌虫个体产卵比例由大到小依次为玉米花丝、 棉花叶片、 大豆叶片、 马铃薯叶片、 玉米叶片、 向日葵叶片和水稻叶片； 产卵量从大到小依次为棉花叶片、 玉米花丝、 大豆叶片、 向日葵叶片、 马铃薯叶片、 玉米叶片和水稻叶片； 产卵进度除取食马铃薯叶片表现为明显集中在前期外， 取食其余寄主组织的产卵进度均表现为相对均衡。在寄主玉米上， 取食雌穗花丝的产卵量显著高于玉米叶片。综合评价玉米、 大豆、 棉花和向日葵是双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫期较理想的寄主植物， 在农田生态系中是该害虫选择危害的主要农作物。

【目的】筛选对双斑长跗萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky)成虫有生物活性的植物挥发物。【方法】通过气相-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对棉花和玉米挥发物进行鉴定及定量分析,采用触角电位技术 (EAG)测定双斑长跗萤叶甲雌、雄成虫对10种挥发物的触角电位反应。【结果】双斑长跗萤叶甲雄虫对α-长叶蒎烯、α-红没药醇、α-蒎烯、月桂烯、3-蒈烯、1,3丁二烯、棕榈酸反应较为明显;雌虫对10种挥发物部分浓度均有明显反应。【结论】双斑长跗萤叶甲雄虫对3-蒈烯反应最敏感,雌虫对α-红没药醇反应最敏感。

【目的】研究双斑长跗萤叶甲对13 种挥发物的触角电生理反应,为筛选对双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫有活性的信息化合物。【方法】采用触角电位技术(EAG)测定双斑长跗萤叶甲雌、雄成虫对13种棉花、玉米和双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫粪便挥发物的触角电位反应。【结果】双斑长跗萤叶甲雌雄虫均对庚烯,橙花叔醇,水芹烯,β-蒎烯,反-2-己烯醛,反-2-己烯-1-醇,己二酸二辛酯,叶醇的EAG反应值相对较大,对壬酸、十九烷、十七烷反应不明显。雌虫对叶醇反应之最大,为2.306 mV;雄虫对β-蒎烯反应之最大,为2.309 mV。雌虫对十六烷,葎草烯的反应较雄虫更为敏感。【结论】在13种挥发物中,双斑长跗萤叶甲雌虫对叶醇反应最敏感,雄虫对β-蒎烯反应最敏感。

双斑长跗萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky)是自2001年以来在我国北方为害玉米呈加重趋势的一种害虫。为初步探讨中国北方不同地理种群间和种群内该害虫的遗传分化程度、 遗传多样性以及基因流水平， 对来自中国北方的26个不同地理种群的线粒体COⅡ (细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅱ) 基因片段序列的核苷酸多态性进行了研究。结果表明： 在515头个体的长度为484 bp COⅡ片段中共发现了28个变异位点和15种单倍型。单倍型间的系统进化分析发现， 15种单倍型主要分为两大分支。总种群单倍型多样性指数Hd为0.257， 种群内单倍型多样度在0.100～0.515范围内。总种群的Fst为0.585， Gst为0.417， 基因流Nm为0.35。AMOVA分子变异分析结果发现， 双斑长跗萤叶甲的遗传分化主要来自种群之间， 占方差比率的58.58%。实验总种群及大部分种群的中性检验符合中性突变， 说明我国北方双斑长跗萤叶甲在近期没有出现种群扩张现象。研究结果揭示中国北方双斑长跗萤叶甲不同地理种群间基因流水平低， 种群间已发生明显的遗传分化， 分化主要来自种群之间。

【目的】建立双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫触角转录组数据库,筛选雌虫、雄虫触角中的差异表达基因并解析其涉及的生理功能,为进一步研究双斑长跗萤叶甲的基因功能分析及嗅觉感受机制奠定分子基础。【方法】采用Illumina高通量测序技术对双斑长跗萤叶甲雌虫、雄虫触角进行转录组测序,对获得的unigenes进行功能注释、通路富集等生物信息学分析,利用RT-qPCR技术检测气味结合蛋白基因在触角中的表达水平。【结果】双斑长跗萤叶甲雌、雄成虫触角转录组测序共获得73 050条unigenes,Q30碱基百分比均在93.23%以上,34 233条unigenes至少在1个数据库中获得注释。与双斑长跗萤叶甲雌虫触角相比,雄虫触角中检测到395个差异表达基因,其中288个基因上调表达,107个基因下调表达。【结论】在GO注释库中,差异表达基因富集最显著的功能为气味结合、嗅觉受体活性和嗅觉感知。气味结合蛋白基因在雌虫、雄虫触角中的相对表达水平趋势与转录组测序结果相符合,获得了双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫触角转录组数据库。

The zoophytophagous mirid predator Nesidiocoris tenuis and the ectoparasitoid Stenomesius japonicus are important biological control agents for several agricultural pests including the invasive leafminer, Phthorimaea absoluta, a destructive pest of Solanaceous crops especially tomato in sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about how feeding by N. tenuis can influence the tritrophic interactions in the tomato plant. Here, we tested the hypothesis that N. tenuis phytophagy would influence the tritrophic olfactory interactions between the host plant tomato and pest, predator, and parasitoid. In olfactometer assays, P. absoluta females and N. tenuis adults were both attracted to constitutive volatiles released by the tomato plant. Whereas females of P. absoluta avoided volatiles released by N. tenuis-infested plants, S. japonicus females and N. tenuis adults were attracted to the induced volatiles. In coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) recordings of intact and N. tenuis-infested plant volatiles, antennae of P. absoluta and S. japonicus females both detected eight components, whereas N. tenuis adults detected seven components which were identified by GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as terpenes and green leaf volatiles (GLVs). Dose-response olfactometer bioassays revealed that the responses of P. absoluta, N. tenuis, and S. japonicus varied with the composition and concentration of blends and individual compounds tested from N tenuis-induced volatiles. Females of P. absoluta showed no preference for an eight-component blend formulated from the individual repellents including hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenyl butanoate, and δ-elemene identified in the volatiles. On the other hand, S. japonicus females were attracted to an eight-component blend including the attractants (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, methyl salicylate, β-phellandrene, and (E)-caryophyllene. Likewise, N. tenuis adults were attracted to a seven-component blend including the attractants β-phellandrene, δ-elemene, and (E)-caryophyllene identified in the volatiles. Our findings suggest that there is potential for the use of terpenes and GLVs to manage the insects in the tritrophic interaction.© 2024. The Author(s).

The effects of drought stress on stomatal opening dynamics, plant volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and plant-insect interactions have been well-documented individually, but how they interact mechanistically remains poorly studied. Here, we studied how drought-triggered stomatal closure affects VOC emission and plant-trophic interactions by combining RNAi silencing, molecular biological and chemical analyses (GC-MS) of a potato-tuber moth-egg parasitoid tritrophic system. Drought stress attenuated stomatal apertures and VOC emissions, which made the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants more attractive to the herbivore but less attractive to the parasitoid. Stomatal aperture manipulations through StSLAC1 gene knockdown and chemical treatments (ABA and 5-aminolevulinic acid) consistently affected drought-triggered VOC emissions and plant-herbivore-parasitoid interactions, supporting aperture-dependent VOC emission. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that drought stress did not transcriptionally inhibit VOC biosynthesis. Collectively, our findings are consistent with the stomatal regulation of plant-insect interactions through the modulation of VOC emissions under drought stress. This highlights the intricate interplay between stomatal dynamics, VOC emission and plant-insect interactions.© 2025 The Author(s). New Phytologist © 2025 New Phytologist Foundation.

【目的】分析双斑长跗萤叶甲取食前后的玉米叶片挥发物组成和含量,为进一步研究玉米叶片挥发物对双斑萤叶甲的防御机制提供科学依据。【方法】采用固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测并分析健康玉米叶片及双斑长跗萤叶甲不同取食时间(6、24、36和48 h)下玉米叶片挥发物组分变化。【结果】双斑长跗萤叶甲取食0、6、24、36和48 h后,分别检测到29、30、33、36、26种挥发物,主要为醛类、萜类、醇类及酮类等化合物。1-石竹烯、顺-11-十六醛、α-石竹烯、正己醛等20种挥发物随该虫取食为害后消失;新收集到2-己烯醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、α-蒎烯、β-月桂烯等42种化合物。α-蒎烯、2-己烯醛、β-蒎烯等物质是虫害6及24 h释放的主要化合物;十六醛、十四醛、正十五碳醛、β-紫罗酮、(E)-3-己烯-1-醇是虫害36 h释放的主要化合物;β-红没药醇、橙花叔醇、(1R)-α-蒎烯、β-罗勒烯、β-檀香烯、β-月桂烯、葎草烯是虫害48 h释放的主要化合物。【结论】双斑长跗萤叶甲不同时间取食玉米叶片的挥发物的组分和含量影响较大,取食6及24 h主要释放烯烃类化合物,取食36 h主要释放醛类和酮类化合物,取食48 h主要释放醇类、烯烃类化合物。

RNAi-based genetically modified maize resistant to Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) was demonstrated with negligible transcriptome and metabolome alterations compared to its unmodified equivalent.

The double-spotted leaf beetle (DLB), Monolepta hieroglyphica, is becoming a significant corn pest in China. It mainly attacks corn silk and developing kernels during the adult stage and is causing significant corn yield loss in north-eastern China. The damage caused by DLB is expected to worsen as pesticide usage is likely to decrease along with the upcoming commercial planting of transgenic lepidopteran-resistant maize in China. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop transgenic corn for DLB resistance.Three target genes, MhSsj1, MhSnf7 and MhSec23A were cloned from DLB by their sequence similarity to their corresponding homologous genes known for their effectiveness as RNA interference (RNAi) targets in western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). Injection of the double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of MhSsj1, MhSnf7 and MhSec23A to DLB adults was highly effective to suppress the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of these genes and resulted in high mortality. Furthermore, a synergistic effect was observed among the dsRNAs of these three target genes. Transgenic maize plants simultaneously transcribing dsRNAs of any two of the three target genes were found to be highly resistant to DLB adults, showcasing the potential of utilizing RNAi-based strategy for transgenic DLB control.MhSsj1, MhSnf7 and MhSec23A are effective RNAi target genes and transgenic corn based on suppression of these genes by RNAi are effective for controlling adult DLB. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.© 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.