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Research Progress on Biological Control Technology of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt
TIANZhicheng, CHENZebin, SHELina, YANGJiaxin, PANXiaomei, XUShengguang, FANZhiwei, WEIWei, ZHUZaixiang
Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11) : 151-156.
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Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
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Research Progress on Biological Control Technology of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt
This study is dedicated to the exploration of a highly efficient and environmentally benign biological control system targeting tobacco bacterial wilt, with a comprehensive assessment of the efficacy and research advancements across diverse biocontrol methodologies, thereby offering a robust scientific underpinning for the green management of this disease. The research undertakes a systematic review of key strategies, encompassing attenuated Ralstonia solanacearum strains, antagonistic microorganisms, plant immune elicitors, rhizosphere microbial modulation, bioengineering technologies, and integrated biological control approaches, while meticulously elucidating their mechanisms of action and summarizing findings from both field and pot-based experimental trials. The investigation reveals that attenuated pathogen strains, along with Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, can markedly reduce disease prevalence; meanwhile, plant immune elicitors effectively activate plant defense enzyme activity and upregulate resistance gene expression. Additionally, cutting-edge approaches such as engineered bacteriophages and transgenic technologies have shown significant promise in disease mitigation, and integrated biocontrol strategies have been demonstrated to enhance the overall growth of tobacco plants, leading to improvements in plant height, stem girth, maximum leaf length and width, as well as leaf area. However, current biological control still faces challenges such as the suboptimal colonization efficiency of antagonistic strains, restricted universality of antagonists, insufficient mechanistic understanding, and the absence of systematic solutions. Therefore, the study proposes targeted recommendations: optimizing the performance of antagonistic strains, developing composite microbial agents and synergistic technologies, constructing multifunctional microbiomes, integrating agroecological regulation measures, and promoting the "biocontrol + agricultural measures" paradigm. These efforts aim to establish a synergistic prevention and control system characterized by "pathogen suppression, host enhancement, and ecological restoration," ultimately achieving more efficient and sustainable management of tobacco bacterial wilt.
tobacco / bacterial wilt / biological control / antagonism / resistance
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烟草青枯病是由青枯雷尔氏菌（Ralstonia Solanacearum）引起的细菌性土传病害,严重危害我国烟草的生产。烟草青枯病的发生与土壤微生物的变化密切相关。从土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构、生态网络等方面系统地综述了烟草青枯病与土壤微生物间的关系,并进一步总结了目前生物防治烟草青枯病的相关机制,以期为推进烟草青枯病的生态防治提供参考。
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Tobacco is one of the most widely cultivated nonfood cash crops, a source of income, model organism for plant molecular research, a natural pesticide and of pharmaceutical importance. First domesticated in South Americas, the modern-day tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is now cultivated in more than 125 countries to generate revenues worth billions of dollars each year. However, the production of this crop is highly threatened by the global presence of devastating infectious agents, which cause huge fiscal loss. These threats have been battled through breeding for acquiring disease resilience in tobacco plants, first, via conventional and now with the use of modern molecular breeding approaches. For efficacy and precision, the characterization of the genetic components underlying disease resistance is the key tool in tobacco for resistance breeding programs. The past few decades have witnessed significant progress in resilience breeding through advanced molecular techniques. The current review discusses history of tobacco breeding since its time of origin till date, highlighting the most widely used techniques and recent advances in molecular research and strategies for resistance breeding. In addition, we narrate the budding possibilities for the future. This review will provide a comprehensive and valuable information for the tobacco growers and researchers to deal with the destructive infectious diseases.© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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烟草是重要的经济作物，烟草青枯病对烟草产业造成了极大的经济损失。因此需要一种安全有效的方法防止烟草青枯病的发生。前期研究中发现可溶性钙肥和生防菌均能有效抑制青枯病菌的生长。在田间种植烟草时，通过单施或组合施用不同的含钙土壤调理剂和生防菌，筛选防治烟草青枯病的最佳组合；采集不同处理的烟草根际土，运用荧光定量PCR和高通量测序技术，探究不同处理下烟草根际土壤中青枯菌数量的变化以及微生物群落组成和结构的变化。田间试验表明，土壤调理剂和生防菌的施用均能有效降低烟草青枯病的发生，但3种含钙调理剂中只有硝酸铵钙能更好地与生防菌GT11复合。该组合处理能降低土壤中青枯病菌的数量，改善烟草根际土壤微生物的群落组成与结构，显著降低烟草青枯病的发病率和病情指数，田间防效达60%。研究证实硝酸铵钙与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌GT11的联合施用能够有效防治烟草青枯病，为烟草生产中青枯病的防治提供了新的思路和理论依据。
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Bacterial wilt disease caused by the soilborne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious threat to flue-cured tobacco production. In this study, an indigenous disease suppressive Bacillus strain was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy tobacco plants, and its biocontrol and plant growth promoting (PGP) potential were evaluated in in-vivo and in-vitro assays.
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Tobacco bacterial wilt is a highly destructive soilborne disease caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex, exhibiting a significant risk to global flue-cured tobacco cultivation and resulting in substantial economic loss. In this study, 77 isolates were collected from three prominent flue-cured tobacco cultivation areas in Fujian, China (Nanping, Sanming, and Longyan), in 2021 and 2022. The isolated strains were classified through phylotype-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Pmx-PCR) and physiological tests. The analysis showed that all the strains were associated with phylotype I, race 1, and biovar III. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis using partial egl gene sequences classified the 77 isolates into 5 distinct sequevars: 13, 15, 16, 17, and 34. Notably, a remarkable predominance of sequevar 15 was observed in Fujian Province, while sequevar 16 was first reported on tobacco in China, which was identified in other plants, expanding the understanding of its host range and distribution in the country. In addition, a Streptomyces strain extracted from the rhizosphere soil of tobacco was found to inhibit the growth of multiple sequevars of tobacco R. solanacearum, indicating its broad-spectrum antagonistic properties. Furthermore, pot experiments showed that the strain St35 effectively controlled tobacco bacterial wilt. The isolate St35 was conclusively identified as Streptomyces gancidicus according to the morphological and genetic features. In summary, the present study demonstrated the genetic diversity and distribution of tobacco R. solanacearum strains in the Fujian province of China, as well as the identification of a candidate biological control agent for the management of tobacco bacterial wilt.
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\n VOCs produced by beneficial bacteria penetrate the rhizosphere to inhibit the growth of plant-pathogenic microorganisms; thus, they have the potential to be used as biological agents in controlling plant diseases. Tobacco bacterial wilt, which is caused by the acidophilic pathogen\n R. solanacearum\n, is a major bacterial disease in southern China and is prevalent in acidic soil.\n
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Soil-borne diseases are closely related to rhizosphere microecosystem. While, plant species and genotypes are important factors affected rhizosphere microecosystem. In this study, the rhizosphere soil microbial community and metabolites of susceptible and resistant tobacco cultivars were investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the rhizosphere microbial community and metabolites between susceptible cultivar Yunyan87 and resistant cultivar Fandi3. Furthermore, the rhizosphere soil of Fandi3 showed a higher microbial diversity than that of Yunyan87. The abundance of R. solanacearum was much higher in the rhizosphere soil of Yunyan87 than in the rhizosphere soil of Fandi3, resulting in a higher disease incidence and index. While the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of Fandi3 were higher than that of Yunyan87. Additionally, there were significant differences in metabolites between Yunyan87 and Fandi3 cultivars, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid, vamillic aldehyde, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and phthalic acid were notably high in Yunyan87. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the rhizosphere microbial community of Fandi3 and Yunyan87 were highly correlated with various environmental factors and metabolites. Overall, susceptible and resistant tobacco cultivars had different impact on rhizosphere microbial community and metabolites. The results expand our understanding of the roles of tobacco cultivars in plant-micro-ecosystem interactions, and provide a basis for the control of tobacco bacterial wilt.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Microbiological Society of Korea.
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The plant rhizosphere acts as the first line of defense against the invasion of pathogens. The perturbation in the rhizosphere microbiome is directly related to plant health and disease development.
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Tobacco bacterial wilt has seriously affected tobacco production. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced tobacco bacterial wilt resistant mutants are important for the control of tobacco bacterial wilt. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the rhizosphere bacterial community assemblages of bacterial wilt resistant mutant tobacco rhizosphere soil (namely KS), bacterial wilt susceptible tobacco rhizosphere soil (namely GS) and bulk soil (namely BS) in Xuancheng, Huanxi, Yibin and Luzhou. Alpha analysis showed that the bacterial community diversity and richness of KS and GS in the four regions were not significantly different. However, analysis of intergroup variation in the top 15 bacterial communities in terms of abundance showed that the bacterial communities of KS and GS were significantly different from BS, respectively. In addition, pH, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen (AN) and soil organic carbon (SOC) were positively correlated with the bacterial community of KS and negatively correlated with GS in the other three regions except Huanxi. Network analysis showed that the three soils in the four regions did not show a consistent pattern of network complexity. PICRUSt functional prediction analysis showed that the COG functions were similar in all samples. All colonies were involved in RNA processing and modification, chromatin structure and dynamics, etc. In conclusion, our experiments showed that rhizosphere bacterial communities of tobacco in different regions have different compositional patterns, which are strongly related to soil factors.© 2022. The Author(s).
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Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most severe plant diseases all over the world. Currently, many scientists are using SynCom (synthetic microbial community) to control this disease. However, designing of highly efficient SynCom remains challenging. In this study, we isolated 372 bacteria with different morphologies from the rhizosphere soil of healthy tobacco plants in a diseased field. Based on the antagonistic activity, compatibility, and presence of cheA gene, a marker gene of chemotaxis, we constructed a chemotactic SynCom comprising two Pseudomonas strains and one Bacillus strain. In vitro experiments revealed that vitamin C, propionic acid, and esculetin significantly promoted the growth and antagonistic ability of chemotactic SynCom strains. Next, we optimized the proportion of organic fertilizer to support the growth of the SynCom strains. The application of the bioorganic fertilizer containing chemotactic SynCom can protect diseased tobacco field from R. solanacearum invasion and enhance yields. Finally, rhizosphere bacterial community analysis showed that phyla Bacillota and Chloroflexiota were significantly enriched. This study highlights the potential of chemotactic SynCom for effective biocontrol, offering a new approach for managing bacterial wilt and enhancing crop yields. KEY POINTS: • The bioorganic fertilizer containing chemotactic SynCom suppresses R. solanacearum and boosts tobacco yields. • Root exudate-selected prebiotics enhance the antagonistic effects of SynCom against pathogens. • SynCom bioorganic fertilizer regulates the rhizosphere microbiome, enriching beneficial bacterial phyla.© 2025. The Author(s).
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贵彩英,
青枯菌通过Ⅲ型分泌系统向寄主植物细胞分泌100多种效应蛋白,对寄主植物的抗感病性产生影响。青枯菌效应蛋白RipQ启动子区存在典型的HrpB识别序列PIP box (5′-TTCGG-N15-TTCGC-3′),但其功能尚未明确。本研究分析了RipQ在青枯菌4种演化型菌株中的分布情况。以青枯菌GMI1000为出发菌,构建ripQ缺失突变体和过表达菌株,研究效应蛋白RipQ在青枯菌-番茄植物互作中的功能。结果显示,ripQ广泛分布于除演化型IV的不同青枯菌类群中。与野生型菌株相比,ripQ突变体在番茄上的致病力有一定程度的增强,而ripQ过表达菌株的致病力显著降低。突变体和过表达菌株在培养基中的生长与野生型没有区别,但过表达菌株在番茄体内的繁殖能力下降。RipQ过表达菌株侵染番茄后hrpB、hrpG和epsA基因表达量显著下调,且能够诱导番茄叶片H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>的大量累积,过敏性坏死反应标志基因hin1和水杨酸信号通路标志基因PR1a的诱导表达。另外,在番茄上瞬时表达ripQ也可以观察到H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>积累及叶片细胞坏死,伴随着hin1和PR1a的上调表达。这些结果表明效应蛋白RipQ具有诱导番茄抗性的作用,从而影响青枯菌在番茄植物上的致病力。
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Bacterial wilt as a soil-borne disease was caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, and seriously damages the growth of tobacco. Integrated biocontrol method was explored to control bacterial wilt. Nevertheless, the long-term effects of the integrated biocontrol method on soil bacterial community, soil physicochemical properties and the incidence of bacterial wilt are not well understood. In this study, B. amyoliquefaciens ZM9, calcium cyanamide and rice bran were applied to tobacco fields in different ways. The disease index and incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW), soil physicochemical properties, colonization ability of B. amyoliquefaciens ZM9, and rhizopshere bacterial community were investigated. The results showed that the integrated application of B. amyoliquefaciens ZM9, rice bran and calcium cyanamide had the highest control efficiency of TBW and bacteria community diversity. Additionally, the integrated biocontrol method could improve the colonization ability of B. amyoliquefaciens ZM9. Furthermore, the integrated biocontrol method could effectively suppress TBW by regulating soil physicochemical properties, promoting beneficial bacteria and antagonistic bacteria of rhizopshere soil. This strategy has prospect of overcoming the defects in application of a single antagonistic bacteria and provides new insights to understand how to improve the colonization capacity of antagonistic bacteria and control efficacy for TBW.
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Tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) is seriously damages the growth of tobacco. There is an urgent need to find a safer and more effective measure to control TBW. In this study, B. amyloliquefaciens ZM9 and marigold powder were applied to the tobacco roots alone or in combination, and the potential inhibition of TBW was assessed. On the other hand, the effects of these treatments on soil physicochemical properties, rhizosphere microbial community and soil metabolites were also evaluated. The results showed that the application of B. amyloliquefaciens ZM9 or marigold powder alone significantly reduced the abundance of R. solanacearum in rhizosphere soil, while the integrated treatment showed the strongest inhibitory effect. Moreover, the integrated treatment can inhibit the secretion of chemoattractants, and affect the change of rhizosphere soil microbial composition. In conclusion, the combination of antagonistic bacteria agent B. amyloliquefaciens ZM9 with marigold powder can enhance the suppression of TBW. Furthermore, B. amyloliquefaciens ZM9 and marigold have synergistic effects on suppressing TBW by regulation soil physicochemical properties, soil metabolites and microbial structure. This study provide a promising strategy for TBW control by integrated applying of B. amyloliquefaciens ZM9 and marigold powder.© 2021. The Author(s).
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李峰, 江连强, 闫峰, 等. 不同药剂处理对烟草青枯病和根结线虫病的防控效果研究[J]. 植物医学, 2022, 1(5):34-43.
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Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most serious soilborne disease of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in China. In this study, 89 strains were collected in 2012 to 2014 from across the four major tobacco-growing areas in China. The strains were identified as phylotype I by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and further divided into seven sequevars based on polymorphisms in the endoglucanase (egl) gene. Among the seven sequevars, four (15, 17, 34, and 44) have been previously described as pathogens of tobacco and two (13 and 14), which are reported here on tobacco, were previously found only on other plants. In addition, a new sequevar named 54 was identified. Strains from tobacco from different regions showed different levels of genetic diversity based on partial egl gene sequences. The farther north the distribution, the lower the gene diversity found. Pathogenicity of 27 representative strains was assessed by inoculation onto three tobacco cultivars of varying susceptibility. Through cluster analysis of area under the disease progress curve values, the 27 strains were classified into different pathotypes based on virulence; however, no obvious associations were found between sequevar and pathotype. These results will assist in determining geographical distribution of strains, and provide the foundation for breeding and integrated management programs in China.
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Tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most serious soil-borne disease of tobacco that significantly reduces crop yield. However, the limited availability of resistance in tobacco hinders breeding efforts for this disease.
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