“One Base and One Topdressing” is a simplified rice fertilization technique widely promoted in recent years. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of base fertilizer variety selection on its technical performance. Using no fertilizer and conventional fertilization as controls, six types of base fertilizers, including ordinary high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, humic acid compound fertilizer, biochar-based compound fertilizer, stable compound fertilizer, polyurethane-coated blended fertilizer and urea-formaldehyde compound fertilizer, were tested in the field. The results showed that under reduced nitrogen application by 45 kg N/hm² (15%), various new fertilizers under the “One Base and One Topdressing” system achieved good technical outcomes, with humic acid compound fertilizer performing the best. Compared to conventional fertilization, using humic acid compound fertilizer under the simplified system increased rice yield by 16.1%, plant nitrogen uptake by 17.0%, nitrogen use efficiency by 59.5%, reduced nitrogen surplus by 70.5 kg N/hm², and boosted planting benefits by 1348.5 yuan/hm². These findings provide a reference for promoting the “One Base and One Topdressing” simplified fertilization technique for rice.