As a major double-cropping rice production base in China, optimizing local planting patterns in Jiangxi Province is of great significance for ensuring national food security and improving production efficiency. This paper systematically summarizes the technical characteristics, regional adaptability and application advantages of four major rice planting patterns in Jiangxi double-cropping rice areas, namely double-rice direct seeding, no-tillage direct seeding, single-variety double cropping, and ratoon rice cultivation. The double-rice direct seeding pattern has simple farming procedures and high mechanical compatibility, and is suitable for large-scale rice cultivation in plain production areas. The no-tillage direct seeding pattern enables direct sowing on rice stubble fields without tillage operation, which can reduce production costs, preserve soil fertility, adapt to rice-oilseed rotation systems, and comply with the development concept of green and low-carbon agriculture. The single-variety double cropping pattern adopts early-maturing and widely adaptable rice varieties for continuous cropping of early and late rice, which simplifies field management, reduces planting costs, and is applicable to small and medium-sized rice cultivation operations. The ratoon rice pattern realizes two harvests from one-time planting, with high resource utilization efficiency and prominent economic benefits, and is suitable for popularization in double-cropping rice areas with sufficient light and heat resources. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for promoting the transformation and upgrading of rice planting patterns and consolidating regional food security capacity in Jiangxi Province.