This study aims to systematically analyze the species composition, medicinal characteristics, and resource status of toxic medicinal plants in Fujian, provide a theoretical basis for the scientific conservation and sustainable utilization of regional medicinal plant resources. Based on data from the Fourth National Survey of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and relevant authoritative literature, this paper statistically analyzed the life forms, medicinal parts, function categories, medicinal properties and flavors, inclusion in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and cultivation status of toxic medicinal plants in Fujian. The results showed that Fujian hosted a total of 485 species of toxic medicinal plants, belonging to 330 genera and 108 families, with angiosperms being the predominant group; the primary medicinal parts were roots and rhizomes (26.83%), leaves (16.74%), and whole plants (16.46%); in terms of medicinal function, heat-clearing drugs (32.09%) accounted for the highest proportion; among the 117 key species investigated, herbs constituted 57.26%, medicinal properties were predominantly cold (44.96%), and the most common medicinal flavor was bitter (44.19%); a total of 122 species were included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2025 edition), and 238 species had been cultivated artificially, though only a limited number were planted on a large scale. In summary, Fujian Province is rich in toxic medicinal plant resources and diverse in efficacy, but there are problems such as concentrated medicinal parts and high pressure on wild resources. Future efforts should focus on sustainable utilization and artificial cultivation research to promote scientific development and conservation of toxic medicinal plants in Fujian.