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Evaluation of Suitable Sowing Date of Late Rice Based on Climate Suitability Model: A Case Study of Zhaoqing, Guangdong
LIUYingxia, GUOHaiyang, GUOChunhui, GAOJunjie, ZHUHuaiwei, HUANGTianwen
Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13) : 161-169.
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Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
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Evaluation of Suitable Sowing Date of Late Rice Based on Climate Suitability Model: A Case Study of Zhaoqing, Guangdong
The study aims to analyze the climate suitability of late rice growth and development, evaluate its suitable sowing date, and provide a theoretical basis for making full use of climate resources for late rice production. Using daily meteorological data from 1980 to 2024 at the Zhaoqing National Meteorological Station, the climatic suitability models of light, temperature and water for each growth period and the whole growth period of late rice were established to evaluate the suitable sowing date for local late rice planting. The results showed that the temperature suitability index was the highest during the entire growth period of late rice, followed by solar radiation suitability, while precipitation suitability was the lowest, which decreased with the delay of sowing date; the temperature and precipitation had significant effects on the growth and development of late rice, and the sunshine had the least effect; in terms of spatial distribution, the climate suitability decreased from south to north, and the high value area of climate suitability gradually decreased with the delay of sowing date; the high value area of climate suitability was the widest in sowing date 1 (July 8), followed by sowing date 2 (July 15). In short, based on the comprehensive climate suitability indices, the moderately suitable sowing period of late rice in Zhaoqing is from July 8 to 29 (from the first ten days of July to the last ten days of July), and the most suitable sowing date is July 8, which is about 7 days earlier than the perennial sowing. If the sowing is delayed, it is recommended that it should not be later than July 22 (in the early ten days of July) in the western and northern mountainous areas, and early sowing is preferred.
late rice / meteorological factors / climate suitability / suitable sowing date / Zhaoqing
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【目的】探讨有利于湖南省双季稻产量和资源利用效率的最佳播期,通过对比不同播期对早晚稻产量和光热资源效率的影响,分析不同熟型双季稻对播期响应的敏感性。【方法】以双季稻主产区湖南省通过审定的主推双季稻品种为试验材料,于2018年至2019年早晚稻各设置3个播期进行大田试验,通过测定分析生育期、产量和产量构成因子、气象资料,比较不同播期下各品种的产量和光热资源利用效率的差异。【结果】随着播期推迟,早晚稻通过缩短播种—始穗阶段的天数使生育期缩短,早稻产量呈增加的趋势,对中熟早稻和迟熟早稻产量影响不显著,晚稻产量呈下降的趋势,迟熟晚稻对播期推迟的响应比中熟晚稻快;2018年随着播期推迟早稻的热能利用率分别下降2.73%、4.45%,光能利用率分别下降1.28%、-1.77%,晚稻的热能利用率分别下降-2.64%、8.15%,光能利用率分别下降-2.14%、13.25%;2019年随着播期推迟早稻的热能利用率分别增加0.36%、10.36%,光能利用率分别增加1.53%、12.52%,晚稻的热能利用率分别下降-0.72%、6.09%,光能利用率分别下降0.58%、6.21%。【结论】播期对双季稻光、热资源利用效率影响显著,早稻播期宜适当推迟、晚稻播期适当提前有利于光热资源效率的提高,双季稻周年以早稻第Ⅱ播期+晚稻第Ⅱ播期组合的综合效率较高,品种搭配以迟熟早稻和中熟晚稻组合的综合效益较高。
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【目的】研究稻-麦两熟制下,播期与品种类型对水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响,为播期及品种类型的科学选用提供依据。【方法】以中熟晚粳、早熟晚粳、迟熟中粳、中熟中粳和迟熟中籼5个品种类型水稻为供试材料,设置4个播期,研究各品种类型水稻产量、生育表现及温光资源利用特点。【结果】不同品种类型水稻产量表现为迟熟中粳>早熟晚粳>中熟中粳>迟熟中籼>中熟晚粳。随着播期推迟,5个品种类型水稻产量呈下降趋势,但下降程度不等。不同品种类型水稻的减产幅度表现为中熟晚粳>迟熟中籼>早熟晚粳>迟熟中粳>中熟中粳。同一播期各品种类型水稻之间产量差异有随播期的推迟而增大的趋势。随播期的推迟,各品种类型水稻的生育进程延迟、生育期缩短,全生育期积温和光照时数极显著减少。播期对不同品种类型水稻温光资源利用率的影响按生育期长短分为两类,对生育期较短的中熟中粳及迟熟中籼影响较小,对生育期较长的迟熟中粳、早熟晚粳及中熟晚粳影响较大。对不同播期选择的适宜品种类型进行初步分类为:5月中旬应选用早熟晚粳,搭配迟熟中粳、中熟中粳和迟熟中籼;5月下旬应选用迟熟中粳,搭配早熟晚粳、中熟中粳和迟熟中籼;6月上旬应选用迟熟中粳,搭配中熟中粳和早熟晚粳;6月中旬应选用中熟中粳。【结论】随播期的推迟,5个水稻品种类型产量、生育期及温光利用均呈下降趋势。综合考虑稻麦两熟制与热量条件因素,初步明确了不同播期应选择的适宜品种类型,供大面积生产参考。
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赵花荣, 周广胜, 齐月, 等. 播期调整对华北北部冬小麦、夏玉米产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(15):2964-2985.
【目的】基于田间分期播种试验,研究华北北部冬小麦、夏玉米播期调整,其生长发育、光合生理特性、籽粒灌浆和产量形成及品质对气候变暖的不同响应,为华北平原农业生产采取措施应对气候变化提供科学依据。【方法】采用分期播种方法,于2017-2023年在华北北部的河北固城农业气象国家野外科学观测研究站开展冬小麦和夏玉米的大田分期(早播10 d、正常播期、晚播10 d、晚播20 d)播种试验,获取冬小麦和夏玉米的生育进程、地上干物质累积和分配、叶片光合特性、籽粒灌浆速率以及产量农艺性状和籽粒营养成分等资料。【结果】冬小麦全生育期随播期推迟而缩短,主要原因在于冬前幼苗期缩短;夏玉米全生育期与播期呈抛物线关系,播期每推迟10 d,幼苗期缩短1.3 d,花粒期和籽粒形成-灌浆期分别延长1.5和1.6 d。冬小麦、夏玉米籽粒灌浆过程对播期调整的响应完全不同,冬小麦籽粒灌浆特征在播期间反应并不敏感,夏玉米籽粒灌浆速率在播期间差异较小,但籽粒形成期、灌浆结束日期和峰值日期因播期推迟顺次延后,且灌浆持续日数因播期每推迟10 d,灌浆持续日数缩短4 d。北方麦区在秋暖和冬暖背景下,冬小麦播种期界限延宽,播期对产量的影响明显减弱,播期推迟配套增加播种量,产量不减且会小幅增产;夏玉米产量随播期推迟明显递减,理论产量播期每推迟10 d递减率1 381.50 kg·hm-2,但冬小麦和夏玉米晚播20 d产量都凸显跳跃变小。播期每推迟10 d,冬小麦籽粒分配率递增1.67%,夏玉米则递减1.57%,冬小麦收获指数提高0.017,而夏玉米降低0.016。冬小麦和夏玉米叶片光合速率(Pn)对播期的响应亦不同,冬小麦播期间的Pn较为相近,而夏玉米播期每推迟10 d Pn递减率1.21 μmol·m-2·s-1。播期调整对华北北部冬小麦、夏玉米籽粒品质不会产生明显影响。【结论】气候变暖背景下我国北方冬小麦延迟播种,延宽适宜播种期是适应气候变暖的积极有效措施,华北平原夏玉米适期早播可避免高温热害影响,有助于稳产增产。
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任三学, 周广胜, 赵花荣, 等. 华北北部夏玉米适期早播的增产效果[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(6):81-93.
播期调整是直接有效减缓气候变化对农业负面影响的重要措施,为了揭示播期变化对作物产量形成的影响机制,在华北北部的河北固城农业气象国家野外科学观测研究站,于2019—2021年设置早播10 d、晚播10 d、晚播20 d和正常播期4个播期,进行了夏玉米同一品种播期调整的大田试验,监测其生育期变化、植株干物质累积、叶片光合特性和籽粒灌浆特征,以及成熟期取样测定产量构成等要素。结果表明:夏玉米播期提前,苗期、穗期及全生育期延长,尤其有效灌浆持续日数随播期提前而延长,播期每提前10 d有效灌浆持续日数延长4.7 d,播期提前10 d平均灌浆速率比对照和晚播10,20 d的平均偏高4.04%,籽粒灌浆、累积增加,百粒质量提高5.459 g。夏玉米穗粒数、穗粒质量、百粒质量等主要产量构成要素在不同播期间存在显著差异,且随播期提前而递增,在6月8日—7月8日试验期理论产量随播期每提前10 d增产速率为1 395.4 kg/hm2。夏玉米关键生育期平均叶片净光合速率(Pn)随播期每提前10 d提高0.764 μmol/(m2·s),播期提前10 d比对照和晚播10,20 d的平均Pn提高7.31%。光合速率提高使得干物质生产、积累及向籽粒转运量增加,穗粒质量、百粒质量分别比对照和晚播10,20 d的平均偏高24.01%,18.00%。播期提前,株高低,茎秆粗壮,抗倒伏,个体绿叶面积大,群体叶面积指数(LAI)高,叶片光合作用能力高,播期每提前10 d成熟期地上干物质分配率:籽粒质量递增率2.26%,植株营养器官—果穗籽粒间干物质的源—库分配关系改变,穗粒质量、百粒质量提高和籽粒增产。研究认为:华北地区冬小麦—夏玉米一年两熟区充分利用气候变暖增加的热量资源,合理调配茬口,夏玉米适期早播,延长生育期和籽粒灌浆时间,可有效提高单产。
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Climate change has posed great challenges to rice production. Temperature and solar radiation show significant variations in central China. This study aims to analyze the responses of different rice genotypes to the variations of temperature and solar radiation in central China, and to find the way of identifying the optimal sowing date to improve and stabilize rice production. For this end, four rice genotypes (two Indica and two Japonica cultivars) were cultivated at two locations under irrigation conditions in 2 years with six sowing dates.We investigated variations of rice grain yield, resource use efficiency, average daily temperature and solar radiation during different phenological stages. Rice grain yield could increase by about 2-17% in central China. Compared with solar radiation, temperature was a more important factor affecting rice grain yield in central China. The grain yield showed great correlation with the means temperature during different phenological stages, especially during the first 20 days after heading (GT20). Besides our results demonstrated that the grain yield displayed slender variations when the GT20 was within 24.9-26.4 °C. However, GT20 was higher than 26.4 °C in most cases, which became more frequent due to climate changes. Analysis of climate change during the last 25 years revealed that the frequency of GT20 within 24.9-26.4 °C was increased by the delay of sowing date.We propose that delaying sowing date to achieve the optimal GT20 (24.9 °C-26.4 °C) can be an effective strategy to stabilize and improve rice grain yield and resource use efficiency in central China. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.© 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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李仪, 卢建新, 曹鹏, 等. 不同类型晚稻品种安全齐穗下限温度及湖北双季稻区晚稻安全齐穗期研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(17):3302-3316.
【目的】 确定不同类型晚稻品种安全齐穗下限温度和湖北省不同双季稻区二季晚稻安全齐穗期,为各地合理布局和科学安排双季稻生产提供指导。【方法】 以适宜湖北省双季稻区不同种植方式的粳型、籼型和籼粳杂交型二季晚稻品种为材料,分别于2020年和2021年在湖北省咸宁赤壁市、荆州公安县、武汉洪山区、黄冈团风县、孝感孝昌县5地进行分期播种大田试验,并结合对孕穗抽穗期盆栽试验材料进行模拟低温处理,通过调查结实率和单株产量,分析齐穗前气温与结实率的关系,以结实率降低到最适温度下结实率的82%时的温度为安全齐穗下限温度;在此基础上,根据近30年气象资料绘制湖北省不同双季稻区不同类型晚稻品种在9月份逐日齐穗风险图,并以齐穗日在80%以上的年份可以避开低温的影响作为各地的安全齐穗期。【结果】 随着播期的推迟,各类品种抽穗期延迟。在迟播条件下单株(穴)产量显著降低。结实率是影响各类品种产量的主要因素,并与齐穗前4 d平均气温呈二次曲线关系。齐穗前4 d安全齐穗下限温度,粳稻品种为19.6 ℃,较传统标准低0.4 ℃;籼稻品种为22.4 ℃,较传统标准高0.4 ℃;籼粳交品种为22.2 ℃,与籼稻品种接近。湖北省双季稻区粳稻、籼稻和籼粳交品种的最迟安全齐穗期,在湖北东南地区分别为9月25—28日、9月16—19日和9月17—20日;在东部地区分别为9月23—27日、9月13—19日和9月14—20日;在江汉平原分别为9月25—27日、9月10—17日和9月10—18日;在北部地区分别为9月22—26日、9月7—15日和9月7—17日。【结论】 不同类型晚稻品种及其在湖北省不同地区的安全齐穗期存在较大差异,从南到北呈提早趋势,籼稻品种早于粳稻品种,籼粳交品种与籼稻品种接近。为保证二季晚稻安全生产,各地应根据气候条件和品种特性选择适宜的品种并安排合理的播期;种植粳稻品种有利于抵御抽穗扬花期低温的危害。
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魏瑞江, 王鑫. 气候适宜度国内外研究进展及展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(6):584-595.
简要概述了国外在气候适宜度方面的研究现状,回顾了我国在气候适宜度方面的研究历程,将气候适宜度研究划分为3个阶段:研究的起步阶段、初步发展应用阶段及应用研究升温阶段。从气候适宜度模型的改进、气候适宜度应用的延伸及气候适宜度模型的发展3个方面介绍了我国在气候适宜度方面的主要成果和进展;从气候变化对农业的影响角度及气候适宜度研究存在的薄弱环节等方面,提出立足作物生长模型的气候适宜度模型研究、立足特色农业的气候适宜度研究、立足气候变化的气候适宜度研究、立足不同理论的气候适宜度模型研究和气候适宜度评价指标研究等方面将是未来气候适宜度研究的重点和热点。
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