To explore the technical path of composting garden waste and promote its resource utilization process, this experiment selected garden waste as the main material and supplemented with urea, compound fertilizer and chicken manure to adjust the nitrogen ratio to carry out a 40-day aerobic composting. The aim was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of different external materials on key physical, chemical and biological indicators such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature and seed germination index (GI) during the composting process. The results showed that the temperature of the compost pile in the chicken manure treatment group rose the fastest, followed by the urea and compound fertilizer treatment groups. The addition of chicken manure not only significantly increased the temperature rise rate of the compost pile and prolonged the duration of the high-temperature stage, but also promoted the degradation and maturation of organic matter. The pH values of each treatment group throughout the composting process did not show significant fluctuations, and there were no obvious differences between the groups. Eventually, they all stabilized within the neutral range. There were significant differences in the EC values among the three treatment groups, with the average EC value of the chicken manure treatment group being significantly higher than that of the other two groups. After the composting process was completed, the GI values of all treatments exceeded 90%, reaching the basic standard for decomposition. Adding chicken manure during composting can effectively optimize the physical and chemical properties of the compost pile and accelerate the fermentation process. This study provided technical support for the efficient resource utilization of garden waste and has important practical significance for promoting the application of green compost products in agriculture and landscaping.