Effects of Tillage Practices on Soil Physicochemical Properties, Microbial Communities and Yield of Wheat

YANHong, CHENTaichun, FENGZhizhen, CHENZhijie, XUJin, XUXimei, DONGZhen, FUBo

Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8) : 110-119.

PDF(3770 KB)
Home Journals Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull      Editor in chief: Yulong YIN

About  /  Aim & scope  /  Editorial board  /  Indexed  /  Contact  / 
PDF(3770 KB)
Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8) : 110-119. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-1020

Effects of Tillage Practices on Soil Physicochemical Properties, Microbial Communities and Yield of Wheat

Author information +
History +

Abstract

The study aims to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of different tillage practices on soil physicochemical properties, rhizosphere microbial communities, and wheat yield in wheat fields under a wheat-maize rotation system, thereby providing a scientific basis for the regionalized and precision-oriented optimization of wheat field tillage regimes. Field experiments were conducted in Gaoling and Yanliang Districts of Xi'an, with three tillage treatments: no deep ploughing, deep ploughing combined with straw removal and deep ploughing combined with straw return. Soil physicochemical properties were determined, rhizosphere microbial community composition was analyzed via high-throughput sequencing, and wheat growth traits and yield parameters were measured. Statistical analyses were further performed to elucidate the correlations among the aforementioned variables. The results demonstrated that the no-deep-ploughing treatment significantly increased soil organic matter (Gaoling: 40.22% increase; Yanliang: 35.57% increase), total nitrogen (Gaoling: 56.70% increase; Yanliang: 32.29% increase), and available phosphorus contents in both experimental areas. In contrast, deep ploughing treatments were more conducive to elevating soil electrical conductivity and available potassium contents, with the most pronounced effect being observed in the deep-ploughing+straw-removal group in Yanliang (188.83% increase in available potassium). The impact of straw return on soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content exhibited distinct regional variations. At the phylum level, Pseudomonadota dominated the bacterial communities across all treatments, accounting for 28.78%-38.95% of the total bacterial sequences. Specifically, deep ploughing combined with straw removal enhanced bacterial richness in Gaoling (21.84% increase in the ACE index), whereas no deep ploughing maintained relatively high fungal diversity in both regions. As for the fungal communities, Ascomycota was the dominant phylum, with a relative abundance exceeding 48.99%, and the composition of dominant fungal genera showed significant regional specificity. Redundancy analysis revealed that available potassium and total nitrogen were the core edaphic factors driving the differentiation of rhizosphere microbial communities, collectively explaining 48.23% of the variation in fungal community structure. Correlation analysis indicated that soil electrical conductivity and pH were positively correlated with the relative abundance of plant-growth-promoting bacterial taxa, while soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents were positively associated with that of plant-growth-promoting fungal taxa. Moreover, deep ploughing combined with straw removal significantly improved wheat yield in both areas (Gaoling: 15.64% increase; Yanliang: 15.22% increase) and optimized key plant architecture traits. Tillage practices modulate rhizosphere microbial community structure by altering soil physicochemical properties, with available potassium and total nitrogen serving as the pivotal regulatory factors. The deep-ploughing+straw-removal treatment achieves a synergistic “soil-microbe-crop” interaction in both study regions, representing the optimal tillage regime for wheat production under the local wheat-maize rotation system. Although no deep ploughing helps retain soil nutrient reserves, it compromises wheat yield by reducing the abundance of functional microbial taxa that facilitate crop growth.

Key words

tillage measures / soil physicochemical properties / rhizosphere microbial community / wheat yield

Cite this article

Download Citations
YAN Hong , CHEN Taichun , FENG Zhizhen , et al . Effects of Tillage Practices on Soil Physicochemical Properties, Microbial Communities and Yield of Wheat[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2026, 42(8): 110-119 https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-1020

References

[1]
刘雪宁, 李玲玲, 谢军红, 等. 耕作措施对旱作春小麦籽粒糖代谢特征和产量的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2021, 56(5):92-100.
[2]
孟令斌, 郑永照, 岳杨, 等. 不同耕作措施对土壤特性影响研究进展[J]. 农业科技通讯, 2019(2):164-166.
[3]
鞠梦倩, 王杰, 李心月, 等. 不同耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤全氮和小麦产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2025(4):97-106.
[4]
魏萌涵, 孟自力. 化肥减量下耕作方式和施用秸秆腐熟剂对小麦产量和土壤养分的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2022, 50(15):68-73.
[5]
李晓莎, 武宁, 刘玲, 等. 不同秸秆还田和耕作方式对夏玉米农田土壤呼吸及微生物活性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(6):1765-1771.
采用基质诱导呼吸法和CO<sub>2</sub>释放量法,研究了冬小麦季长期不同耕作方式(常规翻耕、免耕和深松)和秸秆处理(秸秆还田和无秸秆还田)对夏玉米田土壤呼吸及微生物活性的影响.结果表明: 秸秆还田和保护性耕作主要在0~10 cm土层起作用.秸秆还田能明显提高土壤微生物生物量碳和微生物活性,降低呼吸熵,在苗期和开花期提高土壤呼吸,而在灌浆期、腊熟期和收获期降低土壤呼吸;在相同秸秆处理条件下,深松和免耕比常规翻耕能显著降低土壤呼吸和呼吸熵,提高微生物生物量碳和微生物活性.整个生育期,秸秆还田结合保护性耕作能显著提高微生物生物量碳和微生物活性,降低呼吸熵,与常规翻耕无秸秆还田相比,深松秸秆还田和免耕秸秆还田0~10 cm土层微生物生物量碳平均提高了95.8%和74.3%,微生物活性提高了97.1%和74.2%.&nbsp;
[6]
盖子涵, 崔志超, 张仁政, 等. 耕作措施与秸秆还田对麦田土壤腐殖质、铁氧化物及小麦产量的影响研究[J]. 农业科技与装备, 2024,(3):18-20.
[7]
赵雯馨, 黄明, 李友军, 等. 夏闲季不同耕作方式对豫西旱地小麦旗叶生理特性和产量的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2023, 41(5):175-185.
[8]
闫秋艳, 董飞, 贾亚琴, 等. 耕作方式对旱地麦田土壤蓄水变化特征及小麦产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021, 35(1):222-228.
[9]
张超博, 邱洁雅, 王敏, 等. 桂北柑橘园土壤化学性状研究[J]. 土壤, 2020, 52(6):1187-1195.
[10]
黄亮亮, 张慧琴, 劳丽燕, 等. 电导率在土壤盐分检测中的研究进展[J]. 低温建筑技术, 2018, 40(11):77-78,91.
[11]
张广东, 尚志伟, 赵梦迪, 等. 石屏县植烟土壤pH空间分布特征及其潜在调控因素分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(12):80-87.
以石屏县主要植烟乡镇为研究区,探究石屏县植烟土壤pH空间分布特征及其潜在影响因素,旨在为石屏县植烟土壤优化及改良提供依据。本研究采集了石屏县6个主要植烟乡镇226个植烟土壤样品,分析了石屏县植烟土壤pH空间分布特征及其潜在影响因素。结果表明:石屏县植烟土壤pH具有明显的空间差异性,表现为北低南高、西高东低的变化趋势。进一步分析发现,结构性因素海拔对土壤pH具有显著影响,土壤养分中有机质、交换性钙、速效钾、交换性镁对土壤pH具有显著正相关关系,土壤有效磷、有效铜、有效铁含量与土壤pH呈显著负相关关系。基于此,构建土壤pH与显著相关养分因子的结构方程模型,发现交换性钙作用位点最多,不仅直接影响土壤pH,还能促进有机质、速效钾、交换性镁含量间接调控土壤pH。有效铜和有效磷对pH起直接负调控作用,有效铁通过促进有效铜含量间接影响土壤pH。综上所述,土壤养分对土壤pH具有正向或负向调控作用,其中交换性钙对土壤pH具有直接和间接两方面正向调控作用,有机质、速效钾对土壤pH具有直接正向调控作用,有效铜、有效磷呈直接负调控作用,有效铁呈间接负调控作用,能够为土壤酸碱度调控提供参考。
[12]
刘燕. 《土壤质量全氮的测定凯氏法》的方法改进[J]. 化工管理, 2020(14):45-46.
[13]
王军, 满秀玲. 去除凋落物和草毡层对寒温带典型森林土壤氮素的短期影响[J]. 森林工程, 2023, 39(4):1-9.
[14]
刘美芳, 赖红兰, 刘祥. 电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定农业土壤样品中的有效磷[J]. 产品可靠性报告, 2023(12):61-62.
[15]
樊会敏, 许明祥, 李彬彬, 等. 渭北地区农田土壤物理性质对土壤剖面盐分的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2017, 31(4):198-204.
[16]
陈鲜妮, 米倩, 徐晓峰. 局域尺度麦田土壤微生物群落构建过程及其驱动因素[J]. 土壤, 2023, 55(4):812-820.
[17]
ZENG Q C, AN S. Identifying the biogeographic patterns of rare and abundant bacterial communities using different primer sets on the loess plateau[J]. Microorganisms, 2021, 9(1):139.
[18]
MONARD, GANTNER, STENLID. Utilizing ITS1 and ITS2 to study environmental fungal diversity using pyrosequencing[J]. FEMS microbiology ecology, 2013, Apr,84(1):165-175.
[19]
李连燚, 王世纪, 姜桂英, 等. 轮耕促进豫北潮土区小麦根系生长和产量增加[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(18):3626-3641.
【目的】基于耕作定位试验,探索适宜豫北潮土地区的耕作模式。【方法】试验基于始于2016年的耕作定位试验,试验3年一个轮耕周期,选择5个典型处理:(1)连续旋耕(RT-RT-RT);(2)深耕-旋耕-旋耕(DT-RT-RT);(3)深耕-旋耕-浅旋耕(DT-RT-SRT);(4)深耕-条旋耕-浅旋耕(DT-SRT-SRT);(5)深耕-浅旋耕-旋耕(DT-SRT-RT),于2021年测定并分析不同轮耕模式下小麦各生育时期根系性状、光合特性、小麦养分含量、产量,以及土壤孔隙性、土壤团聚体分布。【结果】相较于RT-RT-RT,其他轮耕模式均促进了小麦根系生长,其中以DT-SRT-RT处理的效果最为显著。在拔节期各根系性状增幅最高,其中总根长(RL)提高了80.8%,根表面积(SA)提高了54.1%,根体积(RV)增大了51.5%,根直径(RD)增大了21.9%。随着生育时期推进,各根系性状增幅逐渐下降,其中RL增幅为39.0%—28.8%,SA为21.7%—10.8%,RV为12.4%—17.8%,RD为17.5%—24.5%。与RT-RT-RT处理相比,轮耕处理的小麦光合特性均有所改善,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)以DT-SRT-RT 处理较为明显,在拔节期涨幅分别为25.7%、41.5%和20.5%;在开花期分别提高了55.4%、21.7%和17.4%,但在灌浆期只有Pn和Gs分别提高了9.7%和13.6%,而Tr则降低了6.7%。与RT-RT-RT处理相比,不同轮耕处理不同程度上提高小麦各器官内全量养分含量,其中DT-SRT-RT处理叶、茎和根中氮含量分别提高了66.2%,80.1%和61.1%;叶和茎中的磷含量提高了31.2%和38.4%;根系钾含量提高达50.0%。相较于RT-RT-RT,DT-SRT-RT处理显著提高了20—30 cm土层土壤孔隙度,最高提高了27.1%;轮耕处理显著降低了0—30 cm土壤容重。轮耕处理有助于提高&gt;0.25 mm土壤大团聚体的占比,其中DT-SRT-SRT处理显著提高了0—20 cm土层&gt;0.25 mm大团聚体的占比;但轮耕处理降低了&lt;0.053 mm黏粉粒的占比。此外,不同轮耕模式的小麦根冠比、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量均高于RT-RT-RT处理,其中DT-SRT-RT处理根冠比增加了55.6%,穗数提高了45.3%,产量提高了20.7%。由相关性分析可得知,根长、净光合速率、气孔导度和产量均呈正相关关系。【结论】在豫北潮土小麦玉米轮作区,轮耕模式改善了土壤孔隙性及小麦根系构型,提高了小麦光合速率、植株全量养分含量和产量,其中以深耕-浅旋耕-旋耕效果最佳。
[20]
FENG G F, PAN Z, ZOU J M J. Distribution characteristics of intestinal flora in patients with OSAHS and the relationship between different intestinal flora and sleep disorders, hypoxemia and obesity[J]. Sleep breath, 2024, Jun,28(3):1155-1163.
[21]
CAI L L, GONG X, SUN X, et al. Comparison of chemical and microbiological changes during the aerobic composting and vermicomposting of green waste[J]. PLoS one, 2018 Nov 26;13(11):e0207494.
[22]
MA L, YANG Y, LIU W, et al. Sodium butyrate supplementation impacts the gastrointestinal bacteria of dairy calves before weaning[J]. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2023, 5, 107(10):3291-3304.
[23]
聂浩亮, 杨军芳, 杨云马, 等. 长期秸秆深翻还田及养分管理对潮土有机碳矿化影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2024, 40(18):70-80.
[24]
喇乐鹏. 耕作方式与秸秆还田对薄层黑土理化性质和玉米产量的影响[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2021.
[25]
王秋菊, 刘峰, 焦峰, 等. 盐化草甸土和黑土型水田土壤连续深耕改土效果[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(22):152-158.
[26]
杨文辉, 罗灏程, 董二伟, 等. 长期不同施肥和深翻对玉米高粱轮作体系作物钾利用及土壤钾形态的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(12):2390-2403.
【目的】 研究长期施用化肥钾、秸秆还田、有机肥配施化肥钾结合秸秆还田及其深翻对玉米高粱轮作体系作物钾利用效率、土壤钾形态及非交换性钾释放的影响,为合理使用钾肥和提高钾养分资源高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】 于2011—2022年在山西省晋中市进行长期定位试验,共设6个处理:不施肥(CK)、氮磷肥(NP)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、秸秆还田结合有机肥(MS)、氮磷钾肥配施有机肥结合秸秆还田(NPKMS)、氮磷钾肥配施有机肥结合秸秆还田和深翻(NPKMSD),研究不同施肥处理对作物籽粒产量、地上部钾吸收量、钾利用效率、土壤钾形态和土壤非交换性钾释放特征的影响。【结果】 与NP和NPK比较,MS、NPKMS和NPKMSD提高籽粒产量6%—8%,地上部钾吸收量提高22%—43%。NPKMS和NPKMSD 处理钾素农学利用效率仅为NPK和MS的50%;施肥改变了土壤剖面钾形态,2022年收获后与CK、NP和NPK处理相比,MS、NPKMS和NPKMSD 处理0—20 cm土层速效钾含量分别提高了2.2—2.8倍,缓效钾提高了8%—10%;与NPKMS比较,NPKMSD提高了20—40 cm土层速效钾含量。基于随机森林回归模型分析表明,0—20和20—40 cm土层的速效钾与缓效钾含量能解释地上部钾吸收量的64.1%,0—20 cm土层速效钾、缓效钾含量和20—40 cm土层的速效钾含量是影响植株钾吸收的关键因子。用氯化钙浸提时NPK、MS、NPKMS 和 NPKMSD 处理0—20 cm土层非交换性钾累积释放量分别是 NP 的1.04、1.77、1.99和1.81倍,柠檬酸浸提时则分别为1.05、1.41、1.85和1.63倍。与NPKMS 处理比较,NPKMSD处理20—40 cm土层柠檬酸浸提的非交换性钾累积释放量提高17.8%,而氯化钙浸提对其非交换性钾累积释放量没有显著影响。【结论】 与施用相当量的化肥钾比较,秸秆还田和有机肥能明显活化土壤钾,提高土壤有效钾和缓效钾的含量,提高钾肥利用效率。化肥钾配施有机肥结合秸秆还田会造成作物钾奢侈吸收降低钾利用效率。深翻提高根层下土层速效钾含量但对产量影响不显著。秸秆还田和有机肥明显促进土壤非交换性钾的释放速率和累积释放量,长期秸秆还田结合适量有机肥能够替代化学钾肥。
[27]
郎漫, 钟文, 张君岳, 等. 秸秆和畜禽粪便添加对黑土氮初级转化和固持特征的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2025, 31(6):1086-1094.
[28]
ROLAND V L, GARCIA A M, SAAD D A, et al. Quantifying regional effects of best management practices on nutrient losses from agricultural lands[J]. Journal of soil and water conservation, 2022, 77(1):15-29.
[29]
GARCÍA-SERQUÉN A L, CHUMBE-NOLASCO L D, NAVARRETE A A, et al. Traditional potato tillage systems in the Peruvian Andes impact bacterial diversity, evenness, community composition, and functions in soil microbiomes[J]. Scientific reports, 2024, 2,17, 14(1):3963.
[30]
WANG Y, ZHAO D, LI Z, et al. Sphingobium yanoikuyae 41R9 enhances nitrogen uptake by modulating transporter genes and root development in rapeseed[J]. Plant, cell & environment, 2025,Mar 12.
[31]
KUMAR R, CHOUDHARY JS, NAIK SK, et al. Effect of conservation agriculture on soil fungal diversity in rice-wheat-greengram cropping system in eastern Indo-Gangetic plains of South Asia[J]. Frontiers in microbiology, 2024 Oct 15;15:1441837.
[32]
ZHANG M, ZHANG L, LI J, et al. Nitrogen-shaped microbiotas with nutrient competition accelerate early-stage residue decomposition in agricultural soils[J]. Nature communications, 2025 Jul 1, 16(1):5793.
[33]
陈丹阳, 李汉全, 张炳火, 等. 两株解磷细菌的解磷活性及作用机制研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(3):410-418.
[34]
LI X, ZHAO R, LI D, et al. Mycorrhiza-mediated recruitment of complete denitrifying Pseudomonas reduces N2O emissions from soil[J]. Microbiome, 2023 Mar 9;11(1):45.
[35]
裘智杰, 索萌, 王照贝, 等. 被孢霉在可持续农业生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2024, 40(4):762-768.
[36]
司亚坤. 被孢霉属真菌介导潮土团聚体形成与磷周转的机制及应用[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2024.
[37]
高禾苗, 任爱天, 张绍聪, 等. 西藏高原不同树龄核桃林土壤细菌多样性及其影响因素分析[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2023, 45(11):100-109.
[38]
SHAO D, HE Y, ZHAI Y, et al. Mechanisms of tomato growth promotion in three soils after applying Bacillus combinations[J]. Soil & tillage research, 2025, 249,106477.
[39]
史永佳, 陈义轩, 张爱佳, 等. 生物炭与功能菌配施协同促进设施樱桃番茄连作土壤质量提升及养分吸收[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2025, 31(6):1134-1150.
PDF(3770 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/