Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Community Structure Between Diseased and Healthy Soils in Wheat Fusarium Crown Rot

FENG Zhizhen; CHEN Taichun; YAN Hong; CHEN Zhijie; LI Yingmei; XU Jin; GUO Huan; QIN Tao; FU Bo

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0015

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Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12) : 109-118. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0015

Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Community Structure Between Diseased and Healthy Soils in Wheat Fusarium Crown Rot

FENG Zhizhen ¹^,²^,³ ,
CHEN Taichun ⁴ ,
YAN Hong ¹^,²^,³ ,
CHEN Zhijie ¹^,²^,³ ,
LI Yingmei ¹^,²^,³ ,
XU Jin ⁵ ,
GUO Huan ¹^,²^,³ ,
QIN Tao ¹^,²^,³ ,
FU Bo ¹^,²^,³

Author information +

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Abstract

Wheat Fusarium crown rot has become a major soil-borne disease that threatens the safety of wheat production in the Huang-Huai wheat region and the Guanzhong wheat region in China. Its occurrence is closely related to the imbalance of soil microecology, but the mechanism of soil physicochemical properties and microbial community synergistically driving the disease is still unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the occurrence of Fusarium crown rot and the soil micro-ecological environment. Wheat and soil samples from diseased and healthy fields in the wheat-producing region of Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province were collected as the research materials. The differences in soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure and wheat growth were then analyzed and compared. The results showed that the contents of total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in diseased soils were 10.9%, 9.2%, 25.1% and 16.0% higher than those in healthy soils, respectively. The distribution of dominant bacterial and fungal communities was more balanced in healthy soils, with Cladosporium, Vishniacozyma and Micrococcaceae identified as the core beneficial taxa. Pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium and Alternaria dominated in diseased soils. Compared with diseased wheat, healthy wheat exhibited increases of 26.4% in plant height, 8.7% in spike length, and 64.9% in flag leaf area, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that soil nutrients indirectly affect the occurrence of the disease by regulating microbial community composition. This study revealed the pathogenic chain of ‘high nutrient enrichment-pathogen advantage-microecological imbalance-wheat victimization’ in Guanzhong wheat area, and proposed a coordinated prevention and control strategy of ‘nutrient regulation coupled with microbial community optimization’. The potential biocontrol bacteria resources were clarified, and provided scientific support for the green prevention and control of wheat Fusarium crown rot, soil health improvement and high-yield cultivation. In the future, the research on the coupling technology of microbial agent creation and precision fertilization can be carried out.

Key words

wheat Fusarium crown rot / soil microecology / soil physicochemical properties / microbial community / Fusarium / nutrient regulation / Guanzhong wheat area

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FENG Zhizhen , CHEN Taichun , YAN Hong , et al . Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Community Structure Between Diseased and Healthy Soils in Wheat Fusarium Crown Rot[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2026, 42(12): 109-118 https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0015

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https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43036

Cited in this article [1] Abstract

针对农田忽略有机物料投入, 影响土壤微生物群落结构、降低土壤速效养分和玉米产量低等问题, 探究施用化肥配施有机物料对农田土壤微生物群落、土壤化学性质和玉米产量的影响, 揭示不同有机物料投入农田对土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的变化、多样性和群落物种组成上差异性的特征, 进一步分析土壤微生物群落与土壤化学性质间的关系, 为科学施肥、维护土壤微生物生态系统和农业可持续发展等方面提供依据。基于连续2年的田间试验, 研究了仅施用化肥(chemical fertilizer, CF)、化肥+秸秆腐熟物(chemical fertilizer + straw rot, CF+SR)、化肥+黄腐酸(chemical fertilizer + fulvic acid, CF+FA)和化肥+鸡粪(chemical fertilizer + chicken manure, CF+CM)处理对玉米根际土壤细菌和真菌群落丰度的影响。化肥配施有机物料有利于提高玉米产量和土壤速效养分含量。玉米田投入有机物料能够影响土壤微生物(细菌和真菌) α多样性, 与施用化肥对照处理相比, 化肥+秸秆腐熟物处理细菌shannon指数、ACE指数和chao1指数, 分别提高了2.42%、23.24%和23.19%; 而真菌α多样性与之相反, 呈降低趋势。细菌目分类水平的Vicinamibacterales和Sphingomonadales相对丰度高, 分别是酸杆菌门和变形菌门, 而真菌目分类水平的Sordariales相对丰度高, 属于子囊菌门。相关性分析表明, 土壤微生物多样性与土壤养分含量密切相关。综上所述, 化肥配施有机物料有利于调节玉米田土壤微生物群落特征, 增强农业生态系统的功能和可持续性, 尤其是化肥配施秸秆腐熟物效果最佳。

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