The current research status of Amomum tsao-ko germplasm conservation was explored to provide a theoretical basis for its preservation and utilization. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the research progress in this field was reported, with a specific focus on the application, advantages, and limitations of technical pathways including germplasm nurseries, low-temperature seed banks, and in vitro conservation. Analysis indicated that current conservation efforts primarily relied on ex situ models; however, significant challenges remained, such as poorly understood seed storage physiological characteristics, insufficient research on genetic stability during in vitro preservation, and the absence of standardized conservation systems. Future research was suggested to delve into the physiological and biochemical metabolic patterns and genetic variation mechanisms of A. tsao-ko germplasm during the preservation process; to establish an efficient, standardized and safe long-term preservation technology system; to strengthen the research and formulation of relevant technical standards and operating procedures; and to provide theoretical support and material guarantee for the genetic improvement of A. tsao-ko, the breeding of excellent varieties and the efficient utilization of germplasm resources, so as to promote the sustainable development of the A. tsao-ko industry.